腰椎间盘突出合并椎管狭窄的手术治疗

报告手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症合并退行性腰椎管狭窄症１０４例。术后随访９０例，随诊时６个月～６年。优良率８６．５％，无腰椎不稳和腰椎滑脱等并发症。为获得优良效果，作者强调在处理椎间盘突出的同时必须彻底解除侧隐窝及神经根管，黄韧带肥厚对神经根的压迫，才能彻底根除症状     

胶原酶溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

采用国产胶原酶行腰椎间盘内注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症９０例。有效率为９３％，优良率为８４％。作者体会该方法创伤小，无出血，对椎管内无干扰。只要严格选择适应症，掌握正确的操作方法，无疑是一种有效的治疗方法。     

A Study on Extension－Flexion Dynamic Lumbar Spine Radiographsin Patients with Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation

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Anterior lumbar fusion using a hybrid interbody graft

Summary This is a radiographic report of 40 patients (20 men, 20 women) who underwent anterior lumbar interbody fusions (73 levels) utilizing a “hybrid” interbody graft composed of femoral cortical allograft (FCA) bone and iliac crest cancellous autograft bone. The average age at surgery was 38 years (range 17–64 years), and follow-up averaged 1.4 years (range 1.0–2.4 years). Nineteen of the patients had undergone previous lumbar surgery. Thirty-two patients (63 levels) underwent anterior fusion combined with some type of posterior fixation, and eight patients (10 levels) had no posterior fixation. Types of posterior fixation included: for 20 patients (36 levels) Steffee variable screw placement fixation, for 10 patients (23 levels) translaminar facet screws (TFS), for 1 patient (3 levels) Knodt rods and for 1 patient (1 level) facet screws. Based on the persistence of lucent lines at the graft-host interface, three patients (one level each) were felt to have non-unions at their latest follow-ups at 1.4, 1.5 and 2.0 years, respectively. Two of these patients had no posterior fixation, and the other had TFS fixation. The overall fusion rate was 96% (70 of 73 levels). The fusion rate for all levels treated with posterior fixation was 98% compared with 75% for those without fixation. Intervertebral disc heights (IVDH) were measured on all films and corrected for magnification with computer assistance. On average, the IVDH was increased postoperatively but returned to preoperative values at follow-up. IVDH loss was independent of the type of instrumentation used. No complications arose from the use of the hybrid graft. Incorporation of the allograft portion of the graft is slow and was felt to be complete in only 7 of the 73 levels at follow-up. We conclude that the hybrid interbody graft technique is a safe and reliable method for performing anterior lumbar interbody fusions and should be combined with some type of posterior fixation. Long-term follow-up will be required to assess the behaviour of the allograft until incorporation is complete.     

下腰椎后路手术并发脑脊液漏的处理

目的探讨下腰椎后路手术并发脑脊液漏的预防措施及处理。方法收集1999年1月-2004年6月259例下腰椎后路手术病例,腰间盘突出症174例,腰椎管狭窄症36例,腰椎滑脱症18例,腰椎间盘突出症失败再手术31例。术中发生硬脊膜损伤依次为8、5、2、6例,共计21例。术中采用硬脊膜破损口缝合术和明胶海绵封堵填塞法处理,术后采用侧俯卧头低腰高体位,引流管拔除时管口皮肤全层缝合,或经引流管口填塞明胶海绵 管口皮肤全层缝合及对症处理。结果21例中12例经术中及术后处理,切口1期愈合,未发生术后脑脊液漏(CSFL),9例术后发生CSFL,轻型2例、中型4例、重型3例。其中重型1例发生感染,其余8例术后9￣24d治愈。感染病例予以再次手术,再手术后第35d治愈。术后随访9￣31个月(平均16个月),全部病例未发生脑脊液囊肿形成,术后神经功能恢复良好。结论下腰椎后路手术发生CSFL,术中尽可能修复硬脊膜破损口并以明胶海绵填塞,术后采用头低腰高体位,适时拔除引流管并全层缝合管口皮肤等措施,可获得满意疗效。     

开放手术观察腰椎间盘突出症溶核失败45例分析

目的 通过开放手术观察分析椎间盘髓核化学溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症失败原因。方法 收集溶核失败的腰椎间盘突出症45例行开放手术治疗。结果 术中见45例硬膜外脂肪完全消失，43例髓核未见溶解，2例髓核溶解呈糊状但未被吸收，21例伴有侧隐窝狭窄，15例突出物与神经根粘连，20例黄韧带增厚，2例椎管骨性狭窄，14例突出物钙化。结论 腰椎间盘突出症病变间隙合并有侧隐窝狭窄、神经根粘连、椎管狭窄、突出物钙化等，不是溶核治疗的适应证。     

Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR in thoracic disc herniations

Summary The Gd-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance findings in two patients with herniated thoracic intervertebral discs are reported. The first patient was a 56-year-old woman with a small subligamentous T6-7 disc herniation, slightly lateralized to the right. The second patient was a 51-year-old man with a central and right posterolateral disc herniation, including a large calcified fragment, at the T8-9 level. The nonenhanced MR examination revealed the presence of an extradural mass lesion in both patients, impinging upon the dural sac and compressing and displacing the spinal cord posteriorly. The lesion was slightly hypointense on both T1- and T2-weighted spin echo sequences. Following intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA in a dosage of 0.1 mmol/kg body weight, enhancement of the posterior longitudinal ligament was noted and triangular areas of contrast uptake were seen to occur in the epidural space above and below the herniated disc. At surgery, they were found to correspond to dilated and congested epidural veins.     

超声引导胶原酶治疗外侧型腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨超声引导胶原酶治疗外侧型腰椎间盘突出症的疗效及安全性.方法在相应椎间盘突出的棘突间,旁开1.5～2.5cm处经皮穿刺,采用超声引导定位,穿刺成功后,先进行加压试验,再进行麻醉试验,无腰麻征象后,将胶原酶注入到突出的椎间盘内或周围.结果 231例病人出院时的优良率为92.21%,有效率为99.57%;随访1～5年的优良率为92.65%,有效率为99.58%.近期与远期疗效比较无显著性差异(χ2=0.129,P＞0.05).结论利用超声引导监测、定位,注射胶原酶治疗外侧型腰椎间盘突出症,安全性强、有效率高.     

经关节突入路椎间融合椎弓根固定治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱

目的 评价经关节突入路手术治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱的应用价值。方法 2000年 9月 ~2003年 5月我院手术治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱患者 83例,随访患者 81例,年龄(55. 25±19. 21)岁,随访时间 (1. 68±0. 93)年。按照不同的手术入路方法分为两组,Ⅰ组经关节突入路,椎间融合椎弓根固定;Ⅱ组经椎板切除入路,椎间融合椎弓根固定。按各组术中的临床出血量、手术时间、术前和术后JOA评分等数据经SPSS11. 5统计软件处理数据。结果　术后采用Stauffer Coventry下腰椎术后疗效评定标准:临床优良率分别为 87%与 75%;术后神经功能改善率分别为 87. 81%与62. 88%。术后均无螺钉松动、断裂或者滑脱加重等并发症,有 3例假关节形成。结论　在峡部裂性腰椎滑脱的患者的手术治疗中,经关节突入路椎间融合椎弓根固定技术具有良好的临床效果。