气管推移训练对颈椎前路减压植骨融合内固定术术后康复影响的研究

目的 探讨术前气管推移训练对颈椎前路减压植骨融合内固定术的患者术后并发症及术后康复的影响。方法 回顾性分析江门市中心医院2017年1月到2021年7月行颈椎前路减压植骨融合内固定术的患者205例的临床资料,其中行单节段颈椎前路减压植骨融合内固定术的患者122例,行双节段颈椎前路减压植骨融合内固定术的患者83例。单节段患者中62例为术前气管推移训练组,60例为对照组。双节段患者中45例为气管推移训练组,38例为对照组。观察和分析的指标包括术后饮水呛咳、声音嘶哑、咽喉疼痛时间、咽喉疼痛程度、术后声音嘶哑及术后吞咽困难。结果 205例患者全部顺利完成手术,无患者死亡。在单节段颈椎前路减压植骨融合内固定术的患者中,气管推移训练组和对照组在术后饮水呛咳、术后声音嘶哑、术后吞咽困难等方面的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但气管推移训练组比对照组术后咽喉疼痛的时间更短,术后咽喉疼痛的程度更轻（P<0.05）。在双节段颈椎前路减压植骨融合内固定术的患者中,气管推移训练组比对照组发生术后饮水呛咳、声音嘶哑、吞咽困难的患者更少（P<0.05）,术后咽喉疼痛的时间更短、程度更轻（P<0.05）。结论 颈椎前路减压植骨融合内固定术的患者术前进行气管推移训练有利于患者术后的术后快速康复,增强患者的术后舒适感,尤其对双节段颈椎前路减压植骨融合内固定术的患者更加明显。     

Comparison between suture and staple fixations as internal fixation techniques for Akin osteotomy

BackgroundSuture and staple fixations are commonly used methods for Akin osteotomy; however, there has been a paucity of studies comparing these methods without bias.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively compared the outcomes of 58 Akin osteotomies performed by a single surgeon using suture fixation and 39 Akin osteotomies performed by the same surgeon using staple fixation during the same period.ResultsBone union at the osteotomy site was achieved in all cases with no cases of complications related to the materials used. Occurrence of breakage of the lateral cortex of the proximal phalanx showed no significant difference between the suture and staple groups. The lateral cortex breakage produced greater instability at the osteotomy site with the staple fixation compared to the suture fixation.ConclusionsComparison of suture and staple fixations of Akin osteotomy demonstrated the superiority of suture fixation against staple fixation in terms of stability and cost-efficiency.     

Cause-Specific Stem Revision Risk in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Cemented vs Cementless Femoral Stem Fixation in a US Cohort

BackgroundWe sought to evaluate the cause-specific revision risk following hybrid (cemented stem mated to a cementless acetabular implant) vs cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) in a US cohort.MethodsPrimary elective THA for osteoarthritis was identified using Kaiser Permanente’s Total Joint Replacement Registry (2001-2018). Multivariable Cox regression was used to evaluate cause-specific revision, including aseptic loosening, infection, instability, and periprosthetic fracture (PPF), for hybrid vs cementless THA. Analysis was stratified by age (<65, 65-74, and ≥75 years) and gender.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 88,830 THAs, including 4539 (5.1%) hybrid THAs. In stratified analysis, hybrid THA had a higher revision risk for loosening in females in all 3 age subgroups. A lower risk of revision for PPF was observed following hybrid THA in females aged ≥75 years. For females ≥75 years, cementless THA had an excess PPF risk of 0.9% while hybrid THA had an excess loosening risk of 0.2%, translating to a theoretical prevention of 10 PPF revisions but a price of 3 loosening revisions per 1000 hybrid THAs. No difference in revision risk was observed in males.ConclusionWe observed differences in cause-specific revision risks by method of stem fixation which depended upon patient age and gender. Although the trend toward all cementless fixation continue, there may be a role for hybrid fixation in females ≥75 years to mitigate risk for revision due to PPF at the potential cost of a slight increase in longer term aseptic loosening.Level of EvidenceLevel III.     

Cemented Femoral Fixation in a High-Risk Cohort Diminishes Risk of Early Postoperative Periprosthetic Fracture

BackgroundEarly periprosthetic fractures (PPFx) following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) create significant morbidity. Established risk factors for early PPFx include age, gender, body mass index, surgical approach, and implant fixation. We investigated the role of femoral fixation on early PPFx (<90 days postoperatively) in a high-risk cohort undergoing direct anterior approach (DAA) THA.MethodsThe final cohort comprised 344 consecutive patients (390 hips) with risk factors for PPFx (age >68 years and body mass index <25 kg/m²) who underwent primary DAA THA between May 4, 2009 and December 31, 2019 and had 90-day follow-up. Noncemented fixation was used in 229-hips, while cemented fixation was used in 161 hips. The primary outcome was early PPFx. Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables, while t-tests were used to compare continuous variables.ResultsWe observed 8 early PPFx (2.1%), all fractures occurring in the noncemented group. Baseline demographics were similar but not equal, with the cemented group being older (78.0 versus 76.3 years; P = .004) with a greater proportion of females (91.9% versus 69.4%; P < .001). The rate of early PPFx was significantly higher with noncemented fixation compared to cemented fixation (3.5% versus 0.0%; P = .023). A post hoc power analysis confirmed sufficient power (1?β = 0.81).ConclusionAlthough baseline risk factors for early PPFx are not easily modifiable, surgical factors can be modified. Cemented fixation has the potential to markedly reduce the risk of early PPFx in high-risk patients undergoing DAA THA.     

空心拉力螺钉加内侧支撑钢板固定结合缝匠肌蒂骨瓣治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨采用空心拉力螺钉加内侧支撑钢板固定结合缝匠肌蒂骨瓣治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾分析2013年2月—2019年2月收治的11例青壮年股骨颈骨折患者临床资料。男7例,女4例;年龄32~58岁,平均45岁。致伤原因:高处坠落伤6例,交通事故伤4例,运动损伤1例。左髋7例,右髋4例。Pauwels角55°~75°,平均64°。均采用空心拉力螺钉加内侧支撑钢板固定结合缝匠肌蒂骨瓣进行治疗。术后复查骨盆X线片以及髋关节侧位X线片、CT及三维重建,评估骨折愈合及内固定物在位情况。采用Harris评分评价髋关节功能恢复情况。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,均未出现感染、股外侧皮神经损伤等症状。术后次日复查示骨折对位、对线良好,内固定物位置良好。11例患者均获随访,随访时间18~36个月,平均29个月。骨折均获骨性愈合,愈合时间16~23周,平均18.2周。术后30个月1例患者(9.1%)发生股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of the femoral head,ONFH)。末次随访时采用Harris评分评价髋关节功能,获优9例、良1例、可1例,优良率90.9%。结论空心拉力螺钉加内侧支撑钢板固定结合缝匠肌蒂骨瓣治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折生物力学稳定性强,能够有效改善术后股骨头、颈血运,减少ONFH发生,但须严格掌握手术适应证。     

双钢板技术及肱二头肌长头腱固定治疗肱骨近端Neer 3~4部分骨折

目的：探讨采用双钢板技术同时进行肱二头肌长头腱固定治疗肱骨近端Neer 3~4部分骨折的临床疗效。方法：2018年5月至2020年12月采用双钢板技术及肱二头肌长头腱固定治疗肱骨近端Neer 3~4部分骨折患者38例,其中男23例,女15例;年龄41~89（67.00±9.76）岁;Neer 3部分骨折23例,Neer 4部分骨折15例;伤后至手术时间5~12（8.00±2.86） d。术后第3天采用单维度疼痛数字评分法（numeric rating scale,NRS）评估疼痛程度;比较术后2 d及1年时肱骨头高度、肱骨颈干角变化情况;术后1年采用Neer评分评定术后肩关节恢复情况。结果：38例患者均获得随访,时间12~19（14.00±1.59）个月。术后3 d时NRS评分（1.95±0.73）分。骨折愈合时间2.2~3.2（2.60±0.27）个月。术后2 d与1年时肱骨头高度、肱骨颈干角比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。4例Neer 4部分骨折出现肱骨大结节吸收、肱骨头出现部分囊性变,但肩关节活动功能良好。术后1年Neer评分（89.50±5.19）分,其中优20例,良16例,中2例。结论：采用双钢板技术及肱二头肌长头腱固定治疗肱骨近端Neer 3~4部分骨折,治疗效果良好,术后疼痛较轻,手术无须特殊器械。     

同一体位下斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术联合经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗腰椎结核

【摘要】 目的：探讨同一体位下斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术（oblique lumbar interbody fusion,OLIF）联合经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗腰椎结核的可行性,并评估其临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2018年9月~2019年12月我科采用OLIF联合经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗的35例腰椎结核患者,其中男16例,女19例;年龄33~68岁（51.1±12.8岁）;术前术后均配合系统抗结核治疗。记录所有患者术前术后的C反应蛋白（C-reactive protein,CRP）、红细胞沉降率（erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR）、手术时间、术中出血量、术后相关并发症、植骨融合情况,比较手术前后疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）、美国脊柱损伤协会（American Spinal Injury Association,ASIA）神经功能分级、Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）、病变节段后凸Cobb角、腰椎前凸角。结果：所有患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间125~280min（168.8±51.4min）;术中出血量260~1500ml（347.5±121.7ml）。35例患者均获得随访,随访时间为24~48个月（37.8±8.9个月）;术后不同时间点（术后1、3、6个月及末次随访）ESR、CRP、VAS评分及ODI均较术前显著降低（P<0.05）,术后不同时间点之间两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术后不同时间点Cobb角及腰椎前凸角较术前显著降低（P<0.05）,但术后不同时间点间两两比较无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。末次随访时13例神经损伤患者ASIA分级均较术前有不同程度的改善,所有患者均获骨性融合。2例患者于引流管口持续渗液合并窦道形成,予以换药、调整敏感抗结核药物及营养支持分别于术后3个月、术后5个月切口愈合;1例患者出现肺部感染合并胸腔积液,3例患者出现不同程度的药物性肝功能损伤,经药物保守治疗后好转。结论：同一体位下OLIF联合经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗腰椎结核安全、可行,病灶清除彻底,骨融合率高,并具有创伤小、手术时间短、术后恢复快的优点。     

椎弓根螺钉内固定术后并发症的护理干预

笔通过对胸腰段椎弓根螺钉内固定术后常见并发症原因分析，认为过早活动和负重、锻炼方法不当及未用支具保护、长期卧床、全身营养欠佳、骨质疏松是引起并发症的主要原因。动态观察肢体感觉、运动及各种反射，及早发现感觉和运动障碍：针对原因实施护理干预，正确指导功能锻炼、避免过早活动和负重、营养支持疗法及做好出院指导，可减少椎弓根螺钉内固定术后并发症的发生。     

胸腰段脊柱骨折前路减压与内固定术的技术改进

目的 针对胸腰段前路手术创伤大、时间长、出血多等问题进行技术改进。方法 采用经第12肋胸膜外-腹膜后入路显露，L4骨折保留第12肋；对伤椎相邻椎体血管不予处理；对螺钉固定位置和操作程序进行改进；同时实施控制性降压。每例病人至少实施四项技术改进中的两项。结果 采用改进技术，治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折25例，手术均获成功，手术时间110～150min（平均130min），术中失血350～900ml（平均550ml），切口长度12～20cm（平均15cm），术中损伤腹主动脉1例，损伤胸膜2例。所有病例均获随访，随访时间3～50个月（平均18．3个月），术后椎管明显扩大，无神经压迫症状加重，发生内固定松动1例。神经功能按ASIA分级标准改变如下：术前3例A级，术后恢复为A级2例，B级1例；术前B级4例，术后恢复为B级1例，C级1例，D级2例；术前14例C级，术后恢复为C级1例，D级3例，E级10例；术前4例D级，术后恢复为E级4例。结论 本技术改进具有缩短手术时间，减少术中失血和减轻手术创伤的优点，更有利于选择前路手术来治疗胸腰段爆裂骨折。