补体对免疫沉淀的抑制作用与小儿肾脏疾病的关系

以辣根过氧化物酶（PO）和抗-PO作为免疫沉淀中的抗原和抗体，用光电比色法，对78例小儿肾脏疾病血清补体对免疫沉淀的抑制作用（IIPC）进行了研究，并同时检测补体成分C3、C4。结果，正常对照IIPCOD值为0．505±0．085，急性肾小球肾炎（0．137±0．108）显著降低（P＜0．001）；慢性肾小球肾炎（0．470±0．053）改变不明显（P＞0．05）；肾病综合征（0．401±0．038）明显低下（P＜0．05）。IIPC低下的发生率依次为急性肾小球肾炎（83％）、肾病综合征（43％）、慢性肾小球肾炎（32％）。表明小儿肾小球疾病时IIPC大多降低并与疾病的活动性有关。因此认为IIPC低下在肾脏病的发生和发展中起一定作用。     

环孢霉素A和地塞米松局部应用对角膜移植免疫排斥的疗效观察

报告１％环孢霉素Ａ（ＣｙｃｌｏｓｐｏｒｉｎＡ，ＣｓＡ）和地塞米松局部联合用药，治疗３１只眼穿透性角膜移植术后的免疫排斥反应，随访６～１８个月植片透明治愈为９３．５％，平均治愈时间７天，观察表明局部用药既能收到良好的疗效，又避免了全身用药的毒副作用，并对ＣｓＡ和地塞米松联合用药的机理及注意事项进行了讨论。     

Studies of the effects of dietary zinc on the immune organs and cellular immunity in the rat

ＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｄｉｅｔａｒｙｚｉｎｃｏｎｔｈｅｉｍｍｕｎｅｏｒｇａｎｓａｎｄｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒｉｍｍｕｎｉｔｙｉｎｔｈｅｒａｔＷｕＪｉａｈｕｉ（吴嘉惠）；ＷｕＳｈｕｉｂｉｎｇ（吴水冰）；ＢａｉＪｉａｓｉ（白家驷）；ＫｏｎｇＸ...     

获得性纯红再障患者外周血T细胞亚群分析

目的　本研究通过分析获得性纯红再障患者外周血T细胞亚群 ,进一步探讨该病的细胞免疫发病机制。方法　用抗人CD3、CD4、CD8、IFN γ及IL 4单抗结合人外周血单个核细胞 ,流式细胞术分析单个核细胞中CD3 +、CD4+、CD8+细胞数Th1、Th2、Tc1、Tc2细胞数以及CD4+/CD8+、Th1/Th2、Tc1/Tc2比值。结果　贫血组患者 ,外周血CD3 +细胞和CD8+细胞明显增加 (P <0 .0 1) ,CD4+/CD8+比例倒置 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;Tc2细胞明显增加 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,Tc1/Tc2比值降低(P <0 .0 5 ) ,治疗后血象恢复的患者各增高的亚群细胞均有所恢复 ,接近正常。结论　在获得性纯红再障患者T细胞明显增高 ,其中主要是CD8+细胞 ,而在CD8+细胞中 ,是Tc2细胞发挥了重要作用。经治疗有效的患者 ,其增高的T细胞亚群降低 ,提示以纠正病人细胞免疫异常为主的治疗方案有益于获得性纯红再障的治疗。     

外伤性脾破裂切脾后及脾组织移植术后免疫功能观察分析

1952～1987年收治158例腹部闭合性损伤单纯脾破裂患者,其中全脾切除135例;脾切除并自体脾组织移植21例,脾破裂缝合修补2例。治愈率为98.1%,死亡率为1.9%。脾移植组及缝合修补组无1例死亡。92例获得免疫功能检验随访观察半年至35年,发现成人切脾后细胞免疫及体液免疫功能无明显影响,也未见脾切除后严重感染发生。认为成人除脾破裂表浅和局限易于修复或部分切除者外,均应行脾切除术,且无需行自体脾组织移植。小儿在脾切除后应行自体脾移植。     

多价精子抗原表位肽的设计与免疫效应研究

目的 开发可供两性使用的多价合成嵌合肽疫苗。方法 选择小鼠精子／睾丸特异性抗原SP17、Cyritestin中特异性氨基酸序列与牛核糖核酸酶非限制性T细胞表位作为骨架，按一定连接方式设计、合成新抗原35肽，并与弗氏佐剂混悬后免疫雌性BALB／C小鼠。结果 在430A固相自动肽合成仪上成功地合成35肽，并经HPLC纯化、质谱鉴定证实其纯度达95％以上；免疫后小鼠血清特异性IgG抗体滴度最高达1：6000，阴道粘膜冲洗液中特异性IgA抗体滴度最高达1：300；小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖率达50％左右，淋巴细胞分泌的INF－γ和IL－4分别为60、108μg/ml；实验组BALB／c雌鼠妊娠率平均降至60％，每胎产仔数平均降低58％－71％。结论 含有两种特异性精子抗原中特异性氨基酸序列的新抗原可激发小鼠产生较理想的特异性体液免疫和粘膜免疫，并使小鼠受孕率下降，为研制适宜于两性的多价抗生育疫苗提供了实验基础。     

Coronavirus induced primary demyelination: indications for the involvement of a humoral immune response

Coronavirus MHV-JHM infection of rodents can result in demyelinating encephalomyelitis. We analysed histological changes induced by coronavirus MHV-JHM infection in Lewis rats. Besides an acute disease (AE), chronic panencephalitis (CPE) and subacute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (SDE) were induced. These disease types were differentiated by the incubation period, the localization of lesions, the type of tissue damage and distribution of virus antigen. In AE and CPE, virus antigen was detected in neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, whereas in SDE neurons lacked virus antigen. Viral nucleocapsid protein (N) was present in the cytoplasm and the spike protein (S) was displayed on the surface of infected neural cells. However, expression of S protein relative to N protein was severely impaired in SDE lesions. Quantitative analysis of infiltrating inflammatory cells revealed that the number of macrophages and T cells were similar in lesions of AE, CPE and SDE. In contrast to that, SDE lesions contained a significantly higher number of IgG + B cells and plasma cells. In addition active demyelinating SDE lesions displayed an enhanced IgG content and deposits of complement C9. These results indicate that virus induced primary demyelination could be a consequence of antibody mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, a reduction in the number of cells producing spike protein in the chronic forms of the disease indicates down-regulation of this protein, possibly mediated by anti-S antibodies.     

Opsonization of yeast by the plasma of Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda): a strain-specific, time-dependent process

Phagocytosis of yeast by haemocytes of Biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, is influenced strongly by host plasma components, although it can occur without involvement of such factors. Plasma from two strains of B. glabrata which are resistant to S. mansoni differs in its opsonic properties from the plasma of a susceptible strain. This may reflect the principles which determine compatibility or incompatibility in this host-parasite system. Opsonization is a time-dependent process: short periods of incubation in plasma from all strains reduces subsequent phagocytosis in the absence of plasma factors, whereas longer incubation in resistant strain plasma is markedly opsonic. Haemocytes from all strains examined are equally competent in their recognition of either native or opsonized yeast.     

The role of dendritic cells during infection

The skin and the mucosa of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are continuously exposed to microorganisms, but only a limited number of these enter the body and cause disease. To resist microbial infection, the host has developed a multitude of defense mechanisms involving the innate and adaptive immune systems. Dendritic cells (DCs) provide the link between these arms of the immune system. The initiation of an immune response is critically dependent on the activation of DCs, which can discriminate between different classes of microorganisms and elicit tailored antimicrobial immune responses. They have an extraordinary capacity to stimulate naive T cells and initiate primary immune responses. In turn, some pathogens interfere with DC function to block or delay their elimination by the host. Progress in understanding the role of DCs in the host response to microbes is reviewed.