呼吸机持续加水与间断加水方法的效果观察

[目的]对比观察呼吸机湿化器间断加水与持续加水的效果。[方法]将100例呼吸衰竭需行机械通气的病人随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组采用持续加水法,对照组采用间断加水法,对比观察病人气管痉挛、痰痂、肺不张的发生情况及痰液性状和湿化液温度的变化。[结果]实验组与对照组在气管痉挛、痰痂、肺不张发生、痰液黏稠度方面均存在差异;实验组湿化液温度维持在34℃-37℃,对照组维持在29℃-36℃;且实验组病人痰液相对稀薄,易于吸出。[结论]持续加水法相对于间断加水法,进入病人气道的湿化液温度保持在预设温度,且病人痰液易于吸出,呼吸系统相关并发症发生率较低。     

浅谈PICC导管在极低出生体重儿治疗中的护理

目的探讨经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管（PICC）在极低出生体重儿治疗中的应用及护理方法。方法回顾性分析和总结25例极低出生体重儿应用PICC的效果及护理体会。结果PICC操作成功率高，保留时间长，并发症发生率低。结论PICC置管是极低出生体重儿静脉输液的较好选择。全面细致的导管护理、严格的无菌操作技术、正确的封管冲管技术、换药技术等是PICC成功的关键。     

气管切开术后气道护理进展

为加强气管切开病人气道管理,从重建生理湿化状态、有效吸痰方法、湿化液选择、气道湿化方法等方面进行了综述。     

气管切开后呼吸道管理的护理进展

介绍了气管切开后呼吸道管理的护理进展.重点阐述了气管切开的适应证,气道湿化的护理管理,吸氧、排痰的护理管理,气囊的护理管理,呼吸道感染的护理.     

非确定性人工气道湿化法降低脑卒中舌后坠患者肺部感染的效果研究

目的探讨脑卒中舌后坠患者非确定性人工气道(口咽通气道下)湿化的方法及临床应用效果。方法选择应用口咽通气道的脑卒中舌后坠呼吸困难患者60例,随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,观察组采取经口咽通气道内径孔道持续湿化法;对照组应用五官科喉头喷雾器间歇湿化法。观察两组患者痰液湿化效果、吸痰次数、痰痂的形成、气道黏膜损伤以及肺部感染情况。结果湿化第3、7天观察组痰液湿化效果满意率优于对照组、肺部感染率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);湿化第7天观察组痰痂的形成、气道黏膜的损伤低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);湿化第3、7天观察组吸痰次数明显低于对照组,差异有明显统计学意义(P0.01)。结论脑卒中舌后坠患者采用非确定性人工气道持续湿化法,湿化效果满意,可减少吸痰次数、痰痂的形成以及气道黏膜的损伤,有效降低患者肺部感染的发生率。     

High flow nasal oxygen generates positive airway pressure in adult volunteers

INTRODUCTION: The use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) as an alternative to intubation in respiratory failure is associated with better outcomes in certain conditions. NIV is often poorly tolerated by patients hence precipitating the need for invasive ventilation. High flow nasal (HFN) oxygen delivery is a potential alternative to NIV as it delivers air and oxygen via a humidified circuit at flows greater than those traditionally used with a nasal interface. BODY: Studies of paediatric patient using high flow nasal oxygen therapy have been shown to have similar efficacy as nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Although the degree of positive pressure and the effect of different flow rates on positive pressure generation have not been well defined or studied in the adult intensive care population. St. Vincent's Health Human Research and Ethics Committee granted approval to this study and also awarded a $3000 grant. Volunteers were fitted with the Fisher & Paykel high flow nasal interface (RT034) and pharyngeal pressures were recorded with flows from 0 to 60L/min. Expiratory pressures with the mouth closed were higher than those with the mouth open and this was statistically significant (<0.001). Expiratory pressures were higher with the mouth closed and were statistically different (p<0.001). EPPs were higher amongst female subjects compared to male subjects and were statistically different between genders for both open (p<0.05) and closed (p<0.001) measurements. CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated that high flow nasal therapy is associated with the generation of significant positive airway pressure in volunteers. In conclusion there is a degree of CPAP generated with the HFN therapy, which is flow dependent and also dependent on whether the person is breathing with mouth open or closed.     

人工气道应用微量注射泵持续湿化的效果分析

目的探索人工气道应用微量注射泵持续湿化的效果.方法随机将70例气道切开患者分为2组,实验组35例采用微量注射泵持续推注湿化气道,对照组35例采用传统的气道内定时、间断滴注湿化法,并进行连续观察、对比分析.结果实验组形成痰痂、发生刺激性咳嗽、气道出血的例数均明显少于对照组,肺部感染发生率亦低于对照组,同时减少护理工作量.结论人工气道应用微量注射泵持续推注湿化法明显优于传统气道内定时、间断滴注湿化法.     

盐酸氨溴索联合碳酸氢钠用于吸入性损伤气管切开病人气道湿化的临床观察

[目的]观察盐酸氨溴索联合碳酸氢钠用于吸入性损伤气管切开病人气道湿化的效果。[方法]将2013年6月—2016年5月烧伤科70例因吸入性损伤行气管切开的成人病人按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各35例,对照组在气管切开的常规护理基础上采用传统的糜蛋白酶、硫酸庆大霉素、地塞米松磷酸钠及生理盐水作为气道湿化液,使用持续微量注射泵滴入气道湿化法,观察组在气管切开的常规护理基础上采用盐酸氨溴索+1.25%碳酸氢钠作为湿化液,使用持续微量注射泵滴入气道湿化法。比较两组病人并发症发生情况、气道湿化效果。[结果]观察组病人痰痂形成、呼吸道感染、刺激性咳嗽、气道黏膜损伤和出血等并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05),湿化效果优于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]盐酸氨溴索联合碳酸氢钠用于吸入性损伤气管切开术后病人气道湿化的效果明显,并发症发生率低,效果优于传统的糜蛋白酶、硫酸庆大霉素、地塞米松磷酸钠及生理盐水作为气道湿化液。     

两种呼吸道湿化法用于大面积烧伤合并中、重度吸入性损伤患者的护理比较

[目的]探讨两种呼吸道湿化法用于大面积烧伤合并中、重度吸人性损伤患者呼吸道湿化的临床效果.[方法]选择2007年1月-2009年12月我科大面积烧伤患者120例,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组60例.实验组采用呼吸道输液泵持续湿化法,对照组采用呼吸道间断推注湿化法,比较两组患者痰痂形成、发生刺激性咳嗽、呼吸道粘膜出血及肺部感染情况.[结果]实验组痰痂形成、发生刺激性咳嗽、呼吸道粘膜出血的例数明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）,肺部感染发生率亦低于对照组（P〈0.01）.[结论]呼吸道输液泵持续湿化法可以明显减少痰痂形成、刺激性咳嗽、呼吸道粘膜出血及肺部感染发生率,减少了护理人员工作量,提高了人工呼吸道护理质量.