术后胆漏和继发胆管狭窄的内镜治疗

胆漏和继发胆管狭窄是严重的外科并发症，传统的治疗方法是再次开腹手术，但再手术并发症多，死亡率高。而内镜胆管造影不仅可明确诊断，且内镜下治疗具有安全、疗效肯定、创伤小和并发症少等优点，可作为大多数胆漏和胆管狭窄患者首选治疗方法。     

Surgical approach after failed enteryx injection for GERD.

OBJECTIVE: We report on 3 patients who underwent laparoscopic antireflux procedures for persistent symptoms of GERD after biopolymer injection. METHODS: Experienced laparoscopic surgeons completed all 3 procedures laparoscopically. In 2 patients, there was an extramural extravasation of the polymer outside and adherent to the esophageal wall. In these patients, a partial posterior fundoplication was used. The third patient, who had the polymer material deposits removed preoperatively by endoscopic mucosal resection, underwent a Nissen fundoplication. RESULTS: Postoperative recovery was uneventful in all cases. At follow-up of 6 to 12 months, all patients were symptom free, off medical therapy, and experiencing no dysphagia. CONCLUSION: Surgical therapy for patients after failed biopolymer injection is safe and effective. The choice of surgery may depend on whether the polymer mass can be removed preoperatively.     

Robotic endoscopic surgery in a porcine model of the infant neck

Minimally invasive surgery is rapidly becoming the desired surgical standard, especially for pediatric patients. Infants and children are a particular technical challenge, however, because of the small size of target anatomical structures and the small surgical workspace. Computer-assisted robot-enhanced surgical telemanipulators may overcome these challenges by facilitating surgery in a small workspace. We studied the feasibility of performing robotic endoscopic neck surgery on a porcine model of the human infant neck. The study design was a prospective, feasibility pilot study of a small cohort for proof of concept and for a survival model. Sixteen non-survival piglets weighing 4.5–10 kg were used to develop the surgical approach and operative technique. Eight piglets aged 3–6 weeks old and weighing 4.0–9.1 kg underwent survival thyroidectomy by a cervical endoscopic approach using the Zeus surgical robot, which includes the Aesop endoscope holder and “Microwrist” microdissecting instruments. We succeeded in performing endoscopic robotic neck surgery on a piglet as small as 4 kg, in an operative pocket as small as 2 cm³. Total incision length for all three ports was ≤23 mm. There were no major complications, no major robotic instrument malfunctions or breakages, and no procedures required conversion to open surgery. These results support the feasibility of robotic endoscopic neck surgery on a neck the size of a human infant’s. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

急性梗阻的左半结肠癌Ⅰ期切除吻合体会

目的探讨左半结肠癌急性梗阻Ⅰ期切除吻合的Ⅰ临床应用价值。方法对1988年1月至2006年12月24侧实施左半结肠癌急性梗阻Ⅰ期切除吻合手术患者的资料进行回顾性总结。结果24例均未发生吻合口漏，仅3例发生切口感染，经局部换药处理Ⅱ期愈合。结论积极的术前准备、术中彻底的肠减压能为左半结肠癌急性梗阻Ⅰ期切除吻合提供安全保证.     

中下段直肠癌系膜环周切缘的临床研究

目的探讨中下段直肠癌系膜环周切缘与直肠癌预后的相关性,分析环周切缘与临床病理特征的关系。方法采用病理大切片技术,前瞻性研究56例中下段直肠癌直肠系膜环周切缘侵犯情况。结果中下段直肠癌根治性切除术后局部复发率为13%（7/56）,远处复发率为25% （14/56）;中下段直肠癌直肠系膜环周切缘阳性率为21%（12/56）;环周切缘阳性的中下段直肠癌局部复发率为33%（4/12）,明显高于环周切缘阴性的7%（3/44）（χ^2=6.061,P=0.014）;前者远处复发率为50%（6/12）,后者为18%（8/44）（χ^2=5.091,P=0.024）。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,环周切缘与生存时间密切相关（log-rank,P=0.011）;环周切缘阳性的中下段直肠癌患者3年生存率为41.7%,明显低于环周切缘阴性者的70.4%。T3直肠癌环周切缘阳性率为37%（10/27）,明显高于T1和T2的0/6和9%（2/23）（χ^2=7.758,P=0.021）。肿瘤直径≥5 cm直肠癌环周切缘阳性率为39%（7/18）,明显高于肿瘤直径〈5 cm的13%（5/38）（χ^2=4.803,P=0.028）。结论环周切缘侵犯与浸润深度和肿瘤直径密切相关,是影响中下段直肠癌预后的重要因素。     

Treatment strategy for synchronous metastases of colorectal cancer: is hepatic resection after an observation interval appropriate?

Background In cases of synchronous colorectal hepatic metastases, the primary colorectal cancer strongly influences on the metastases. Our treatment policy has been to conduct hepatic resection for the metastases at an interval of 3 months after colorectal resection. We examined the appropriateness of interval hepatic resection for synchronous hepatic metastasis. Materials and methods The subjects were 164 patients who underwent resection of hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer (synchronous, 70 patients; metachronous, 94 patients). Background factors for hepatic metastasis and postoperative results were compared for synchronous and metachronous cases. Results The cumulative survival rate for 164 patients at 3, 5, and 10 years postoperatively was 71.9%, 51.8%, and 36.6%, and the post-resection recurrence rate in remnant livers was 26.8%. Interval resection for synchronous hepatic metastases was conducted in 49 cases after a mean interval of 131 days. No difference was seen in postoperative outcome between synchronous and metachronous cases. Conclusion The outcome was similarly favorable in cases of synchronous hepatic metastasis and in cases of metachronous metastasis. Delaying resection allows accurate understanding of the number and location of hepatic metastases, and is beneficial in determining candidates for surgery and in selecting surgical procedure.     

弧形切割吻合器在低位直肠癌超低位前切除术中的应用

目的总结弧形切割吻合器在低位直肠癌超低位前切除术中的应用价值。方法2005年12月至2006年9月选择56例低位直肠癌患者在全直肠系膜切除和侧方淋巴结清扫的基础上,应用弧形切割吻合器对直肠(肛管)残端进行切割、闭合,用33mm管型吻合器进行超低位结肠-直肠(肛管)吻合术。结果56例低位直肠癌患者术中没有发生切割和闭合不全的病例,吻合口无渗漏。手术后住院时间为(11.2±3.2)d,无死亡者。发生吻合口瘘2例(3.6%),经过局部引流而自然愈合1例,因直肠阴道瘘进行横结肠造口转流1例,无吻合口狭窄。结论弧形切割吻合器在低位直肠癌超低位前切除术中具有切割完整、闭合确实、吻合口瘘发生率低的优点,有良好的应用推广价值。     

内镜下鼻胆管引流治疗急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎(附25例报告)

目的探讨急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎伴多器官衰竭的治疗方法。方法对25例急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎伴多器官衰竭的患者采取以内镜下鼻胆管引流术、经鼻胆管冲洗及灌注抗生素为主的非手术综合治疗,观察患者治疗前后的血清总胆红素水平、B超下胆总管内径变化,并对患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组25例患者除2例需转外科急诊手术治疗外,其余23例内镜下胰胆管造影、内镜下鼻胆管引流术成功,胆汁引流通畅,多器官衰竭得以纠正,急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎伴多器官衰竭治愈率为92.0%。结论对急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎伴多器官衰竭患者采取内镜下鼻胆管引流术、静脉应用和经鼻胆管冲洗及灌注抗生素为主的综合治疗是有效、安全的。     

经尿道前列腺电切、气化术治疗前列腺增生临床研究

目的探讨经尿道前列腺电切术与气化术结合治疗前列腺增生的临床疗效。方法对我科2000年9月至2006年5月收治并联合施行TURP和TUVP共的165例BPH患者进行回顾性分析。其中Ⅱ度80例,Ⅲ度54例,Ⅳ度31例。结果本组手术时间55～170min,平均100min,出血量100～500ml,平均出血量180ml。随访1～2年,国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）由术前（30.4±3.9）分降至术后（9.3±2.5）分,生活质量评分（QOL）由（4±2）分降至（2±1）分。最大尿流率Qmax由（9.5±1.2）ml/s到术后（18.1±2.9）ml/s。结论经尿道前列腺电切结合气化术治疗前列腺增生具有优点多,并发症少,明显优于单一的电切术和单一的气化术。     

腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌低位前切除术后吻合口瘘发生率的比较

目的探讨腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌低位前切除术后吻合口瘘发生率的差异。方法2000年9月至2005年12月由同一组医师连续对距肛缘5～8cm的直肠癌患者实施腹腔镜下根治术(LP术组)53例及传统开腹根治术135例,比较两组和两组内患者造口与未造口者发生吻合口瘘的差异。结果LP术组造口与未造口者吻合口瘘的发生率分别为4.6%(1/22)与6.5%(2/31),χ~2=0.088,P>0.05;差异无统计学意义。OP术组造口与未造口者吻合口瘘的发生率分别为2.3% (1/43)与8.7%(8/92),χ~2=1.024,P>0.05;差异无统计学意义。LP术组与OP术组行造口的患者吻合口瘘发生率比较,P=0.455,差异无统计学意义;LP术组与OP术组未行造口者的吻合口瘘发生率比较,P=0.288,差异也无统计学意义。结论腹腔镜行直肠癌低位前切除术与开腹手术相比,不会增加吻合口痿的发生率。