急性梗阻的左半结肠癌Ⅰ期切除吻合体会

目的探讨左半结肠癌急性梗阻Ⅰ期切除吻合的Ⅰ临床应用价值。方法对1988年1月至2006年12月24侧实施左半结肠癌急性梗阻Ⅰ期切除吻合手术患者的资料进行回顾性总结。结果24例均未发生吻合口漏，仅3例发生切口感染，经局部换药处理Ⅱ期愈合。结论积极的术前准备、术中彻底的肠减压能为左半结肠癌急性梗阻Ⅰ期切除吻合提供安全保证.     

Current concept and future research directions of mild cognitive impairment

Alzheimer's disease (AD) generally begins with mild memory problems which occur in an insidious manner and progresses to the development of multiple cognitive impairments. There is a ‘gray’ area between what is classified as ‘normal’ and what is classified as ‘dementia’, currently called mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In this article, a case of MCI is described, and the diagnosis, assessment, subclassification (pre‐Alzheimer type and white matter lesion type) and future therapeutic plans for MCI are reviewed.     

One‐ and two‐stage design proposals for a phase II trial comparing three active treatments with control using an ordered categorical endpoint

Phase II clinical trials are performed to investigate whether a novel treatment shows sufficient promise of efficacy to justify its evaluation in a subsequent definitive phase III trial, and they are often also used to select the dose to take forward. In this paper we discuss different design proposals for a phase II trial in which three active treatment doses and a placebo control are to be compared in terms of a single‐ordered categorical endpoint. The sample size requirements for one‐stage and two‐stage designs are derived, based on an approach similar to that of Dunnett. Detailed computations are prepared for an illustrative example concerning a study in stroke. Allowance for early stopping for futility is made. Simulations are used to verify that the specified type I error and power requirements are valid, despite certain approximations used in the derivation of sample size. The advantages and disadvantages of the different designs are discussed, and the scope for extending the approach to different forms of endpoint is considered. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

抗神经元抗体对副肿瘤综合征早期诊断的临床意义

目的 探讨抗神经元抗体抗-Hu、抗-Yo、抗-Ri抗体的检测与副肿瘤综合征早期诊断的关系。方法 采用蛋白免疫印迹分析(Western Blot)法对12例确诊为副肿瘤综合症(PNS)的患者血清及32例非PNS血清进行检测。结果 12例确诊患者血清中检测到一项或多项抗体阳性;PNS患者血清中抗-Hu、抗-Yo、抗-Ri抗体的阳性率高于非PNS对照组,差异有极显著性意义(P<0.01);正常对照组血清抗-Hu,抗-Yo,抗-Ri抗体全部为阴性。结论 抗神经元抗体抗-Hu、抗-Yo、抗-Ri抗体可作为PNS早期诊断及确诊的指标。     

128例双胎妊娠临床结局分析

目的 :探讨影响双胎妊娠临床结局的相关因素。方法 :回顾性分析 12 8例双胎妊娠临床结局与胎方位、分娩方式、孕周、新生儿体重、新生儿窒息之间的关系。 结果 :胎方位、孕周、胎儿体重及分娩方式均影响围产儿预后。 结论 :加强孕产期保健 ,提高产科质量能改善双胎妊娠围产儿的预后。     

Sonographic diagnosis of early recurrence after inguinal herniorrhaphy: Potential pitfalls

Three patients who presented with scrotal swelling within a few days of inguinal herniorrhaphy are reported. Ultrasonography scans performed in these patients all demonstrated features suspicious of recurrence of hernia. One patient underwent surgical exploration, which revealed only a scrotal haematoma without evidence of recurrent hernia. The other two patients were managed conservatively because clinically the swellings were regarded to be more compatible with haematoma. Both patients had subsequent resolution of the scrotal swelling with no clinical evidence of recurrence of hernia on follow‐up. It is concluded that sonographic diagnosis of recurrence of hernia shortly after inguinal herniorrhaphy can occasionally be misleading.     

Long-term effectiveness and quality of life improvement in entacapone-treated Parkinson's disease patients: the effects of an early therapeutic intervention

To evaluate the long-term effects of entacapone on both mean daily 'on' time and health-related quality of life (QoL) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experiencing 'end-of-dose' motor fluctuations and the benefits of an early therapeutic intervention. A prospective, multicenter, observational, 12-month study was performed with an initial 3-month intervention phase, consisting of a phone call to half of the patients from randomly selected investigators to assess if dose adjustment was necessary. Effectiveness was determined by home diaries ('on' time), subscales II and III of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-8). After 3 months of treatment, 4.0% of the intervention group patients discontinued the study, versus 18.4% in the control group ( P  < 0.01). The improvement in 'on' time was significantly increased since the 3-month visit (21%, P  < 0.0001) until the end of the study (23% at 12 months, P  < 0.0001). Entacapone also induced significant reductions in the UPDRS scores for subscales II and III and in the PDQ-8 score. 11.2% of patients experienced at least one adverse reaction. This study confirms the effectiveness of entacapone in reducing motor fluctuations by increasing 'on' time, and in improving QoL of PD patients. An early adjustment of entacapone and levodopa doses reduces the number of treatment discontinuations during the first months of treatment.     

Surgical strategy of one stage surgery of anterior release combined with posterior correction in treatment of severe scoliosis

Objective: Severe scoliosis refers to scoliosis with serious and stiff curve. It always combins with trunk imbalance in coronal and sagittal contour. Besides complex pathological changes, cardiopulmonary deficits and other concomitant diseases increase treatmental difficulties. So the treatment of severe scoliosis is always a great challenge to spine surgeon. Methods :Thirty-six patients with severe scoliosis received one stage posterior correction followed by anterior release during July 1997 to January 2003, including 9 males and 27 females. Mean age was 17.2 years. Of them, 33 was idiopathic scoliosis and 3 was neurofibromatosis scoliosis( Cobb angle: 85-116 degree); 20 cases were abnormal in sagital plane. Three-dimensional devised instrumentation were applied such as CD, CD-Horizon, TSRH or Isola in posterior procedure followed by anterior release during the same anesthesia. 31 cases of this group received thorac icplasty. Results: The correction in the frontal plane achieved an average of 48.5%. In the sagittal plane, the pathological shape of the spine was reduced and distinctly ameliorated. 80. 6% of the patients maintained or achieved balance of sagittal plane. There were no complications of severe neurological deficit, hook displacement, rod broken, and deep infection at follow-up. One case occurred traumatic pleurisy after operation and another appeared pseudarthrosis 2 years later. One case demonstrated imbalance 11 months after operation. One patient was presented loss of correction more than 10 degree at one year follow-up and 5.2 degree in average. Conclusion:The study indicates that the one stage posterior correction combined with anterior release in treatment of severe scoliosis can achieve satisfactory correction. Appropriate choice of cases, preoperational detailed assessment and application of SEP and wake-up test during operation can possibly reduce severe complication. The long-term outcomes still need further observation.     

重症急性胰腺炎早期治疗的探讨及分析

目的 探讨重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）早期治疗体会及外科手术治疗时机和手术方式的选择。方法 对比分析1989—1995年以早期手术为主的36例SAP（A组）与1996—2003年7年中非手术治疗为主的44例SAP（B组）的治愈率和死亡率。结果 B组的死亡率明显低于A组，A组的治愈率低于B组。结论 SAP早期的急性炎症反应期，手术只能加重对机体的打击，加重SAP全身炎症反应，增加手术死亡率。故SAP早期治疗应以非手术疗法为主。当内科治疗无效，手术治疗是唯一的选择，而手术时机的掌握和手术方式的选择更为重要，直接影响手术结果。     

上海城乡儿童智力发育调查

为探索着力低下早期发现的途径和方法，对上海城乡4546名0～12岁）儿童进行了智力发育测查。首先用DDST或绘人测验进行智力筛查，筛查阳性者按不同年龄用儿——心量表、WPPSI或WISC—R进行测试。DQ或IQ低于70者以婴幼儿一初中生社会生活量表进行社会适应能力评估。测查结果共发现智力低下42例，占调查儿童总数的9．24％。城乡相比，农村智力低下现患率（16．13‰）明显高于城市（4．19‰），P＜0．01。从性别来分，男孩现患率（11．36‰）高于女孩（6．91‰）。智力低下患病率有随年龄增加而上升的趋势。因素分析与配对研究显示智力低下与父母文化素质有密切关系，父母文化程度小学以下者其子女智力低下患病率高。智力低下的发生还与高危因素有关。