红心大白菊挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的 :分析我国中药材GAP基地红心大白菊挥发油的化学成分 ,为其质量评价提供科学依据。方法 :采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取红心大白菊挥发油 ,用GC毛细管柱进行分析 ,归一化法测定其相对含量 ,并用GC-MS法鉴定化学成分。结果 :检出 136个色谱峰 ,鉴定出 47个化合物 ,占挥发油总量的 62.24%。结论 :红心大白菊挥发油中 ,雪松醇、喇叭醇和 1-(1,5-二甲基-4-己烯基 )-4-甲基苯是其主要成分 ,以倍半萜类化合物喇叭醇含量最高 ,占总挥发油量的 13.9%。     

维生素C制造业核心竞争力分析

目的 :探讨我国维生素C制造业核心竞争力的发展途径。方法 :分析我国维生素C产业特点及在我国加入WTO后形成的新竞争态势 ;研究我国维生素C制造企业内部价值链。结果与结论 :发展新的核心竞争力应着重培育以创新为基本特征的企业价值链内核。     

强化躯干核心肌群对脑卒中患者躯干控制平衡步行及日常生活能力的康复效果

目的探讨躯干核心肌群训练的强度对脑卒中患者躯干控制、平衡步行及日常生活能力的康复效果。方法选择2017年4月至2018年3月在华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院康复医学科住院治疗的90例脑卒中偏瘫患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将患者分为A、B、C组,每组各30例,3组患者均在常规治疗基础上联合不同强度的躯干核心肌群训练,其中A组每天训练1次,B组每天训练2次,C组每天训练3次,每次训练30 min,每周5天,共训练3个月。3组患者治疗1个月、2个月和3个月时采用躯干控制能力测试(TCT)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)评价躯干控制能力,采用步行功能评级(FAC)评定平衡步行功能、采用日常生活能力(MBI)评定日常生活能力。比较3组患者上述评分差异。结果治疗前3组患者躯干控制能力、平衡步行功能和生活能力评分比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05),3组患者治疗1个月、2个月、3个月后躯干控制、平衡步行和日常生活能力评分均逐渐提高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0. 05);且在1～3个月期间躯干控制和平衡能力评分C组高于B组,B组高于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0. 05),但3个月时差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。3组患者步行和日常生活能力在1个月期间组间差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05),但1个月后C组较B组,B组较A组均有统计学意义(P均<0. 05)。结论强化躯干核心肌力量可以显著提高患者躯干控制、平衡步行和日常生活能力,缩短康复时间。     

“Run-through” training at specialist training year 1 and uncoupled core surgical training for oral and maxillofacial surgery in the United Kingdom: a snapshot survey

Training in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) in the UK has undergone considerable changes during the last 10 years, and “core” surgical training has replaced “basic” surgical training. In 2014 a pilot “run-through” training programme from specialist training year one (ST1)-ST7 was introduced to facilitate early entry into the speciality. Run-through training guarantees that a trainee, after a single competitive selection process and satisfactory progress, will be given training that covers the entire curriculum of the speciality, whereas uncoupled training requires a second stage of competitive recruitment after the first one (for OMFS only) or two years of “core” training to progress to higher specialty training.The first two years of run-through training (ST1-ST2) are the same as for core surgical training. Dual-qualified maxillofacial aspirants and those in their second degree course are curious to know whether they should go for the uncoupled core surgical training or the run-through programme in OMFS. The General Medical Council (GMC) has now agreed that run-through training can be rolled out nationally in OMFS. To assess the two pathways we used an online questionnaire to gain feedback about the experience from all OMFS ST3 and run-through trainees (ST3/ST4) in 2016–2017. We identified and contacted 21 trainees, and 17 responded, including seven run-through trainees. Eleven, including five of the run-through trainees, recommended the run-through training programme in OMFS. Six of the seven run-through trainees had studied dentistry first. The overall mean quality of training was rated as 5.5 on a scale 0–10 by the 17 respondents. This survey gives valuable feedback from the current higher surgical trainees in OMFS, which will be useful to the GMC, Health Education England, OMFS Specialist Advisory Committee, and those seeking to enter higher surgical training in OMFS.     

The ICF core sets for hearing loss project: International expert survey on functioning and disability of adults with hearing loss using the international classification of functioning,disability, and health (ICF)

Abstract

Objective: To identify relevant aspects of functioning, disability, and contextual factors for adults with hearing loss (HL) from hearing health professional perspective summarized using the ICF classification as reference tool. Design: Internet-based cross-sectional survey using open-ended questions. Responses were analysed using a simplified content analysis approach to link concept to ICF categories according to linking rules. Study sample: Hearing health professionals (experts) recruited through e-mail distribution lists of professional organizations and personal networks of ICF core set for hearing loss steering committee members. Stratified sampling according to profession and world region enhanced the international and professional representation. Results: Sixty-three experts constituted the stratified sample used in the analysis. A total of 1726 meaningful concepts were identified in this study, resulting in 209 distinctive ICF categories, with 106 mentioned by 5% or more of respondents. Most categories in the activities & participation component related to communication, while the most frequent environmental factors related to the physical environment such as hearing aids or noise. Mental functions, such as confidence or emotional functions were also frequently highlighted. Conclusions: More than half (53.3%) of the entire ICF classification categories were included in the expert survey results. This emphasizes the importance of a multidimensional tool, such as the ICF, for assessing persons with hearing loss.     

感染科住院医师规范化培训的实践与探索

住院医师规范化培训是医学生毕业后教育的重要组成部分,是培养合格的、具有综合素养的青年医师的重要手段。西安交通大学第二附属医院感染科在住院医师规范化培训的实践与探索中,逐步建立了符合专业特点的规培管理体系,包括规培管理梯队、规培实施细则、三阶段评价反馈体系、教学相长双向培训模式、三维评价体系等,旨在以岗位胜任力为导向,从理论知识、临床技能、医学人文素养、科研能力、人际沟通能力,多维度高质量的进行住院医师规范化培训工作。