不同地理居群新塔花的ITS2和psbA-trnH序列及聚类分析

目的:分析18个不同地理居群新塔花的内转录间隔区(ITS)2和psbA-trnH序列,为其种质资源评价和基原药用植物遗传多样性分析提供参考。方法:试剂盒法提取新塔花基因组DNA,聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增ITS2和psbA-trnH间隔区序列,双向测序,拼接,基于Kimura两参数模型(K2P)构建邻接法(NJ)系统发育树。结果:不同地理居群新塔花ITS2和psbA-trnH序列均有种内差异。ITS2序列长度平均为236 bp,检测有9个单倍型,遗传距离为0～0. 022,不同地理居群新塔花聚为两支,XTH3,XTH6,XTH9等10个地理居群聚为一支,XTH4,XTH5,XTH10等8个地理居群聚为另一支。除XTH6的psbAtrnH序列存在6 bp缺失外,其他地理居群的psbA-trnH序列长度均为355 bp,检测有4个单倍型,遗传距离为0～0. 023,不同地理居群新塔花聚为两支,XTH1,XTH3,XTH4等12个地理居群聚为一支,XTH14,XTH17,XTH18聚为另一支。基于ITS2+psbA-trnH组合序列的系统发育(NJ)树显示,不同地理居群的新塔花可分为两支,XTH11,XTH12,XTH16等12个地理居群聚为一支,XTH14,XTH17,XTH18聚为另一支。结论:不同地理居群的新塔花地理位置接近或相似,相对遗传距离较小,亲缘关系较为接近,说明不同地理居群新塔花的亲缘关系及其遗传多样性与地理位置相关。     

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??Objective    To provide evidence for temporomandibular joint ??TMJ??prostheses design and size chosen via three-dimensional ??3D??measurements of CT data and cluster analysis of the Chinese. Methods    CT data from 448 adults from East China with normal TMJs were recruited and reconstructed by Proplan CMF 1.4 software. Thirteen parameters of the TMJ fossa and condyle-ramus units were performed by three-dimensional measurements. The data were analyzed statistically and hierarchical cluster analyses were performed to determine the size design. Results    The anatomical database of Chinese TMJ was established. There were significant differences in the 13 TMJ measurement parameters between the males and females. The glenoid fossa was grouped into 3 clusters?? and the condyle-ramus units were grouped into 4 clusters. Discriminant analyses were capable of correctly classifying 97.24% of the glenoid fossae and 94.98% of the condyle-ramus units. Conclusion    Three-dimensional measurements and cluster analysis of Chinese TMJ osseous morphology can provide an anatomical reference for prosthesis size design of Chinese TMJ replacement.     

Cluster analysis and food group consumption in a national sample of Australian girls

Background: Food preferences develop early in life and track into later life. There is limited information on food consumption and dietary patterns in Australian girls. The present study aimed to: (i) determine the frequency of food groups consumed over 1 day; (ii) identify dietary clusters based on food group consumption; and (iii) compare dietary intakes and activity variables between clusters. Methods: A cross‐sectional analysis of 9–16‐year‐old girls (n = 1114) from the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey was performed. Results: Over the whole day, 30% of all girls consumed carbonated sugar drinks, 46% consumed take‐away food, 56% consumed fruit, 70% consumed at least one vegetable, and 19% and 30% consumed white and/or red meat, respectively. K‐means cluster analysis derived four clusters. Approximately one‐third of girls were identified in a Meat and vegetable cluster; these girls had the highest intakes of red meat and vegetables, and tended to have higher intakes of fruit, whole grain breads, low fat yoghurt, and lower intakes of take‐away foods and soft drinks. They also had the highest intakes of protein, fibre and micronutrients; and tended to perform more physical activity, compared to girls in the remaining clusters. Conclusions: Girls identified in the Meat and vegetable cluster, on average, consumed more lean red meat, vegetables, fruits, and low‐fat dairy products, and had a higher intakes of many nutrients. The high percentage of girls not identified in this cluster suggests the need to inform them on how to make healthy, nutrient dense food choices, and why they require increased nutrient intakes at this time.     

飞蛾藤属植物的多指标含量测定及化学模式识别研究

目的 建立HPLC测定飞蛾藤属植物多指标含量的方法，为飞蛾藤属植物的质量控制提供参考。方法 采用Agilent 5 TC-C₁₈色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm)，流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸梯度洗脱，体积流量1.0 mL·min^-1，柱温25 ℃，检测波长345 nm；并结合聚类分析、主成分分析及偏最小二乘判别分析评价飞蛾藤属植物中9种成分的差异。结果 9种成分在各自范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999 0)，精密度、稳定性及重复性试验结果的RSD均<3.00%，平均加样回收率为97.29%~103.21%。聚类分析、主成分分析及偏最小二乘判别分析结果显示，16批飞蛾藤属植物可明显分开，组内样品有很强的相似性，而组间样品差异较大。通过PLS-DA中变量重要性投影分析发现4个差异性指标成分，分别为绿原酸、异绿原酸A、N-反式-阿魏酰酪胺和东莨菪内酯。结论 建立了简便、精密的飞蛾藤属植物多指标含量测定方法，且通过统计方法证明绿原酸、异绿原酸A、N-反式-阿魏酰酪胺和东莨菪内酯为飞蛾藤属植物质量差异性评价的指标成分，为飞蛾藤属植物的区分及质量控制提供参考。     

NT-proBNP to exclude heart failure in primary care – a pragmatic,cluster-randomized study

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is difficult to recognize in primary care. N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) can be used as a rule-out test in HF due to its high negative predictive value. We aim to determine whether the number per 1000 patients of HF diagnoses increase among patients referred from primary care to an outpatient HF clinic, if general practitioners (GPs) were offered NT-proBNP in a real-life setting. All GP practices covered by Randers Regional Hospital were randomized to an intervention group (34 GP practices) and a control group (35 GP practices) in this pragmatic, cluster-randomized controlled trial. The main outcome was the number of patients referred to echocardiography and diagnosed with HF in each group. The number of patients per 1000 diagnosed with HF in the two groups was the same (0.09 (0.02–0.16) vs. 0.14 (0.07–0.21), p?=?.3541). A total of 700?NT-proBNP analyses, of which 611 were unique, were requested from 31 GP practices in 17.5?months. A total of 184 patients were referred to echocardiography on suspicion of HF. The number of patients per 1000 referred in the intervention group was significantly higher (p?p?=?.019). Hence, increased diagnostic effectiveness could not be shown in this real-life setting.     

住院癌症患者衰弱风险预测模型的构建与验证

目的 调查住院癌症患者发生衰弱的危险因素，构建风险预测模型并检验预测效果。方法 选取广州市2所三级甲等医院住院癌症患者570例，分为建模集422例和验证集148例。采用一般资料调查表、Fried衰弱表型、安德森症状评估量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表、中文版失志量表、营养风险筛查2002、Barthel指数量表进行调查，同期收集患者的白细胞介素-6、C-反应蛋白等实验室指标，应用logistic回归分析筛选衰弱的独立危险因素，构建风险预测模型。结果 住院癌症患者衰弱发生率为33.7%,衰弱的影响因素分别为：造口、营养状况、抑郁、神经心理症状群、消化道症状群、D-二聚体、白细胞介素-6。建模集和验证集ROC曲线下面积为0.788、0.735;Brier得分为0.205,校准斜率为0.625,决策曲线分析表明模型具有一定的临床可用性。结论 住院癌症患者衰弱发生率较高，构建的列线图预测模型具有较好的风险预测价值，可有效识别和筛选住院癌症衰弱高危人群。     

集束化护理对肺炎患儿雾化吸入治疗的效果研究

目的探讨集束化护理在肺炎患儿雾化吸入中的辅助效果。方法将120例肺炎需要雾化吸入的患儿随机分为观察组和对照组各60例,对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用集束化管理,比较2组雾化吸入治疗过程中血流动力学指标的变化、治疗效果以及治疗耐受情况。结果观察组治疗过程中、治疗后p(CO2)低于对照组,治疗过程中和治疗后的p(CO2)、Sa O2高于对照组(P0.05);观察组中断治疗的比例少于对照组,雾化吸入耐受时间长于对照组(P0.05);观察组的发热消失、肺啰音消失、咳嗽消失、住院时间少于对照组(P0.05)。结论集束化护理策略有利于增加肺炎患儿雾化吸入的耐受性,提高治疗效果,缩短疗程。