Oral administration of antigens from intestinal flora anaerobic bacteria reduces the severity of experimental acute colitis in BALB/c mice

Homeostasis between indigenous intestinal flora and host response may be broken in inflammatory bowel disease. The present study explores whether repeated oral administration of intestinal flora antigens can protect mice against dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis. Sonicates of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, or anaerobic resident bacteria isolated from mouse intestinal flora were fed to BALB/c mice by gastric gavage, with or without cholera toxin. After four weekly doses of 1 mg of these antigen preparations (or of PBS as control), DSS colitis was induced. One week later colitis was evaluated by clinical scores and histology. Mice fed a pool of the three sonicates had decreased inflammation scores (5 (1-14); median (range)) compared with PBS-fed control animals (15 (7-19); P < 0.05). Decreased inflammation was observed in mice fed anaerobic bacteria antigens (7 (6-11); P < 0.05 versus control), but not in mice fed a pool of Gram-positive and -negative sonicates (16 (12-16)). Inflammation scores of mice fed antigens with cholera toxin were similar to those of PBS-fed control animals. DSS-induced colitis can be suppressed by oral administration of normal intestinal flora antigens containing anaerobes.     

Immune privilege in the gut: the establishment and maintenance of non-responsiveness to dietary antigens and commensal flora

Summary:  Immune privilege in the gut is the result of a complex interplay between the gut microbiome, gut luminal antigens, and the intestinal epithelial barrier. Composed of both physical and immunochemical components, the intestinal barrier secretes immunoregulatory mediators that promote the generation of tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells, phagocytic innate immune cells characterized by 'inflammatory anergy', and regulatory cells of the adaptive immune system. Innate immune cells mediate controlled transepithelial transport of luminal antigens as far as the mesenteric lymph nodes, where the intestinal and peripheral immune systems intersect. This promotes the generation of adaptive regulatory lymphocytes that actively suppress effector cell responses against gut luminal antigens and flora. The net result is the generation of tolerance to dietary antigens and the maintenance of gut homeostasis. Dysregulation of this complex immunoregulatory network leads to diseases such as food allergy and inflammatory bowel disease. Future therapies for these diseases will likely involve the functional restoration of the barrier and regulatory cell functions at the epithelial/luminal interface.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichomonas vaginalis</Emphasis> harboring <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycoplasma hominis</Emphasis> increases cytopathogenicity in vitro

The parasite Trichomonas vaginalis causes one of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infections in humans. Mycoplasmas are frequently found with trichomonads but the consequences of this association are not yet known. In the present study, the effects of T. vaginalis harboring M. hominis on human vaginal epithelial cells and on MDCK cells are described. The results were analyzed by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, as well as using cell viability assays. There was an increase in the cytopathic effects on the epithelial cells infected with T. vaginalis associated with M. hominis compared to T. vaginalis alone. The epithelial cells exhibited an increase in the intercellular spaces, a lesser viability, and increased destruction provoked by the infected T. vaginalis. In addition, the trichomonads presented a higher amoeboid transformation rate and an intense phagocytic activity, characteristics of higher virulence behavior.     

黄芩汤对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠肠道菌群的影响及肠黏膜屏障的保护作用机制

目的：研究黄芩汤对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)模型小鼠的药效,并探究黄芩汤在UC中是否能调节肠道菌群,发挥屏障保护作用。方法：雄性Balb/c小鼠按体质量随机分为正常组、模型组、黄芩汤高(20 g·kg^-1)、中(10 g·kg^-1)、低(5 g·kg^-1)剂量组、菌群干扰组、菌群干扰模型组、菌群干扰黄芩汤组(黄芩汤,20 g·kg^-1)。灌胃抗生素(杆菌肽200 mg·kg^-1、万古霉素200 mg·kg^-1)8 d构建菌群干扰模型,自由饮用3%葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)溶液7 d构建UC模型,黄芩汤给药治疗7 d。实验结束后处死小鼠,取血、结肠及粪便,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察结肠病变,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测血清白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)及蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测结肠组织中紧...     

益气活血通便方对慢传输型便秘大鼠的治疗作用及机制

目的：探讨益气活血通便方对慢传输型便秘(STC)大鼠的治疗作用及机制。方法：采用盐酸洛哌丁胺灌胃法建立STC大鼠模型,设定正常组、模型组、莫沙必利组、益气活血通便方低、中、高剂量组(3.51、7.02、14.04 g·kg^-1)给药后观察各组大鼠一般体征变化、计算粪便含水率及肠道推进率;采用苏木素-伊红染色观察结肠组织黏膜炎症改变;采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测各组大鼠结肠P物质(SP)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)含量;采用免疫组织化学法和蛋白免疫印迹法检测大鼠结肠组织水通道蛋白(AQP)3、AQP4、AQP8和c-Kit蛋白灰度值,通过16S r RNA高通量测序检测肠道菌群变化。结果：经过益气活血通便方给药治疗10 d后,与模型组比较,益气活血通便方不同剂量组和莫沙必利组大鼠的粪便含水率和肠道推进率均显著增加(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,益气活血通便方中、高剂量组和莫沙必利组大鼠结肠无明显黏膜炎症改变,杯状细胞排列较规整无断裂、数量较多。益气活血通便方中、高剂量组和莫沙必利组血清中SP含量明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),VIP明显降低(P&...     

CO2激光联合重组干扰素治疗下生殖道病变临床研究

目的：探究人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)感染并阴道上皮内瘤变(VAIN)患者采用干扰素配合CO₂激光治疗的应用效果。方法：选取常德市第一人民医院2017年7月至2019年7月收治的194例HPV感染并VAIN患者,依据随机数字表法分组为A组(64例,采用CO₂激光治疗),B组(64例,采用CO₂激光配合保妇康栓治疗),C组(66例,采用CO₂激光配合干扰素治疗),比较各组患者的疗效。结果：治疗后C组患者的阴道出血量、阴道排液量低于A组、B组,且阴道出血时间、阴道排液时间少于A组、B组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。治疗后C组患者不同时间段的病变逆转率均高于A组、B组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。治疗后2年各组患者恶化率比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。C组患者的不同时段病变复发率均低于A组、B组,且不同时段HPV转阴率均高于A组、B组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论：干扰素配合CO₂激光治疗可显著减轻本研究患者术后阴道出血...     

聚合酶链反应检验法在阴道炎患者阴道细菌检查中的应用价值

目的探讨聚合酶链反应检验法在阴道炎患者阴道细菌检查中的应用价值。方法选取2019年6月~2020年6月于我院行细菌检查的58例阴道炎患者为研究对象,所有患者均采用阴道分泌物细菌培养、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检验,比较两种检验方法阳性检出率。结果PCR检验阳性检出率(89.66%)高于细菌培养法(70.69%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PCR检验法应于阴道炎患者阴道细菌检查中,阳性检出率高,可为阴道炎的诊断及治疗提供较准确的科学依据,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

剖宫产术后阴道分娩产妇的临床分析

目的探讨剖宫产术后阴道分娩(VBAC)产妇的母儿结局。 方法选择2016年1月1日至2019年12月31日,四川大学华西第二医院收治的VBAC足月妊娠产妇397例为研究对象,纳入研究组。按照1∶1比例,采用随机数字表法随机抽取同期于本院足月经阴道分娩的非瘢痕子宫产妇397例,作为对照,纳入对照组。观察2组产妇年龄、身高、人体质量指数(BMI)、本次分娩距前次分娩间隔时间、分娩时孕龄,第一、第二、第三产程时间,术中出血量、产后出血(PPH)量(2 h)、PPH率、严重PPH率,以及新生儿出生体重与窒息发生率等指标,并采用成组t检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验、χ²检验和Fisher确切概率法对上述指标进行统计学比较。对2016—2019年本院产妇分娩情况进行分析。2组产妇年龄、身高、BMI、分娩时孕龄等一般临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年新修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。 结果①2016—2019年,本院剖宫产术分娩率为58.45%～62.37%,剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫(SUAC)患者再次妊娠的剖宫产术分娩率为93.06%～95.83%,平均为94.60%(10 942/11 567),非SUAC患者的剖宫产术分娩率为50.27%(18 586/36 972)。瘢痕子宫患者为13 963例(28.77%),2017年瘢痕子宫患者所占比例最高,为33.74%(3 361/9 961),此后呈下降趋势。②研究组产妇第一、第二产程时间及术中出血量、PPH量(2 h)、PPH率分别为363 min(212～450 min)、46 min(22～60 min)、312 mL(200～350 mL)、348 mL(230～380 mL)、10.8%(43/397),均显著长于、大于、高于对照组的294 min(180～380 min)、15 min(7～20 min)、231 mL(150～280 mL)、264 mL(180～310 mL)、4.3%(17/397),研究组新生儿出生体重为(3 216±359) g,则显著低于对照组的(3 369±369) g,并且差异均有统计学意义(Z＝4.797、16.065、8.028、8.122,χ²＝12.188,t＝-17.013,均为P<0.001)。③SUAC患者再次妊娠的子宫破裂发生率为1.73/10 000(2/11 567),占VBAC者的0.32%(2/625)。 结论VBAC是可行的,子宫破裂发生率低,但是其PPH风险增加。临床对于此类产妇,产程中应做好监护,积极预防PPH。     

益元止泻颗粒对脾虚泄泻小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的 探讨以四君子汤加味研制而成的益元止泻颗粒治疗脾虚泄泻的作用机制。方法 观察益元止泻颗粒对大黄煎剂所致脾虚泄泻小鼠肠道菌群的影响。结果 益元止泻颗粒对实验性脾虚泄泻小鼠的肠道菌群有调节作用,能增加有益菌如双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的数量。结论 益元止泻颗粒能调节肠道微生态平衡,从而对脾虚泄泻的恢复有重要影响。     

强氧酸性离子水毒性试验研究

目的 了解新型消毒剂强氧酸性离子水的毒性。方法 采用一次性限量灌胃法测定急性经口ＬＤ５０;采用剂量递增蓄积系数法测定蓄积毒性;采用取样前３０小时、６小时两次给予受试物法测定其对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核形成的影响;用斑贴法测定其对动物的皮肤刺激强度;用棉条浸入法测定其对大鼠阴道粘膜的刺激强度。结果急性经口ＬＤ５０大于２１５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｂｗ,属实际无毒物,蓄积试验属弱蓄积性,对小鼠骨髓微核细胞未见损伤作用,对家兔皮肤和大鼠阴道粘膜无刺激。结论 强氧酸性离子水是一种安全的消毒剂。