蛋白强化的营养制剂在严重蛇咬伤病人中的应用

目的:评价蛋白强化的营养制剂在严重蛇咬伤病人中的应用效果及临床意义. 方法:将45例上肢毒蛇咬伤需行负压封闭引流术(VSD)治疗的病人随机分为试验组和对照组.试验组病人给予口服蛋白强化的营养制剂,对照组口服普通饮食治疗.比较两组病人的住院时间、VSD治疗5d后伤口新鲜肉芽组织增生满意率和住院总费用.比较两组病人VSD治疗前后血清清蛋白(ALB)、转铁蛋白(TF)、前清蛋白(PA)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)水平的变化.两组病人住院期间死亡、伤口感染、肺部感染和胃肠道不良反应的发生率. 结果:试验组病人住院时间较对照组明显缩短(P＜0.05),VSD治疗5d后伤口新鲜肉芽组织增生满意率明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).对照组病人VSD后的营养学指标水平较前有明显下降(P＜0.05). 结论:对严重毒蛇咬伤病人,给予蛋白强化的营养治疗可通过改善病人营养状况来加快伤口愈合、缩短住院时间、减少伤口和其他部位感染率的发生.     

Bipolar impedance-controlled sealing of the pulmonary artery with SealSafe G3 electric current: determination of bursting pressures in an ex vivo model

Background

In every anatomic lung resection operation, the pulmonary artery itself or its branches must be sealed. This involves either stapling or ligating the vessels. Based on the positive results with the bipolar vessel sealing ≤7 mm in abdominal surgery the present study aimed to evaluate burst pressures of the pulmonary artery after sealing with the sealing instrument SealSafe G3 (Gebrüder Martin & CoKG, Tuttlingen, Germany).

Material and methods

The whole pulmonary artery above the pulmonary valve was exposed up to the periphery of the left lung in freshly removed pig heart–lung blocks. A pressure-measuring cylinder was then implanted in the prepared vessel on the side at the main trunk of the pulmonary artery to determine the pressure in the vessel. After either ligation or bipolar sealing of the pulmonary artery, the pneumatic burst pressure (millimeters of mercury) was determined in a water bath. Three groups (n = 12 for each seal type) with different vessel diameters were examined: group 1: 0–6 mm, group 2: 7–12 mm, and group 3: >12 mm. In all cases, vessel sealing was performed with a MARSEAL 5 instrument (Gebrüder Martin & Co KG, Tuttlingen, Germany) and the SealSafe G3 current. The mean burst pressures of the individual groups (ligature and bipolar sealing) were compared using two-tailed, nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test. Significance was defined as P < 0.05.

Results

The mean burst pressures in group 1 were measured by 340 ± 13.4 mm Hg with ligature and 205 ± 44.4 mm Hg with bipolar sealing (P < 0.001). In group 2, the mean values obtained were 270 ± 28.2 mm Hg for ligature and 162 ± 36.0 mm Hg for bipolar sealing (P < 0.001). In group 3, the mean burst pressures for bipolar sealing were only 52.1 ± 15.1 mm Hg, whereas those for ligated vessels were 253 ± 46.9 mm Hg (P < 0.001). For this size of vessel the burst pressure was also determined after stapling. The mean value in this case was 230 ± 21.8 mm Hg.

Conclusions

In all groups, the mean burst pressures after bipolar sealing were significantly lower than those achieved with ligation, but they were sufficient for a save closure of the pulmonary artery with diameters up to 12 mm.     

封闭负压引流技术在开放骨折合并软组织缺损治疗中的作用

目的探讨封闭负压引流技术(VSD)在治疗开放骨折合并软组织缺损中的作用。方法应用VSD及内固定或外固定支架结合植皮或邻近皮瓣治疗25例开放骨折合并软组织缺损患者。结果患者均获随访,时间4~18个月。16例患者VSD术后5~7 d解除负压,经植皮治疗后创面均愈合;7例较严重开放骨折合并软组织缺损患者经2次VSD治疗后,给予植皮+邻近皮瓣转移覆盖创面后创面均愈合;2例严重开放骨折合并软组织缺损患者经3次VSD治疗后,行植皮+邻近皮瓣转移覆盖创面治疗后均获得愈合。结论 VSD能刺激肉芽组织生长,控制创面炎症,只需结合简单易行的植皮或邻近皮瓣应用即可理想地修复组织缺损创面。     

负压封闭引流术治疗胸腰椎病变术后切口感染的临床疗效

目的观察负压封闭引流(VSD)治疗胸腰椎病变术后切口感染的临床疗效。方法对54例胸腰椎病变术后切口感染患者分别采用置管冲洗引流(对照组,23例)和VSD(VSD组,31例)治疗。比较两组抗生素应用时间、创口局部治疗时间、引流管阻塞情况,创口愈合情况,观察VSD副反应,评估VSD的疗效。结果54例患者均获随访,时间6~15个月。抗生素应用时间:对照组(20.1±5.6)d,VSD组(14.1±2.1)d;创口局部治疗时间:对照组(25.2±6.2)d,VSD组(15.0±4.6)d;引流管阻塞次数:对照组13次(13/33),VSD组11次(11/81);创口愈合情况:对照组15例(15/23),VSD组29例(29/31)。两组上述指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。VSD组出现皮肤发红、发痒5例,皮疹3例。结论 VSD治疗胸腰椎病变术后切口感染能缩短感染伤口治疗时间,促进创口愈合。     

封闭负压吸引及护理干预对慢性难愈性创面的影响

目的:探讨封闭负压吸引(VSD)技术及其相应的护理干预措施对慢性难愈性创面的影响。方法:60例慢性难愈性创面患者随机分为实验组和对照组,各30例,实验组使用VSD技术进行治疗并给予相应的护理干预,对照组常规换药治疗及护理措施;比较两组患者治疗前(T1)、治疗后3天(T2),治疗后7天(T3)的心理焦虑情况,更换床单次数、换药次数,创面愈合率等指标。结果:实验组治疗后7天患者的心理状态、创面愈合率、感染控制、住院时间及费用等方面均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:封闭负压吸引技术在慢性难愈性创面治疗过程中,可以减轻患者的痛苦及焦虑状况,缩短病程,减轻经济负担,减少医务人员工作量。     

老年慢性疾病患者难愈性创面非手术治疗效果探讨

目的对老年慢性疾病患者的难愈性创面进行非手术综合治疗,探讨其治疗效果。方法给予2017年5月至2019年4月南方医科大学附属南海医院全科医学中心收治的62例老年慢性疾病合并难愈性创面患者在控制慢性疾病及抗感染、营养支持等全身综合治疗的基础上,对创面进行清创、负压封闭引流、湿润烧伤膏外涂、理疗等非手术综合治疗,观察创面愈合情况。结果62例老年慢性疾病合并难愈性创面患者中创面愈合49例,好转13例,愈合率为79.03%。其中压疮患者46例,愈合38例,好转8例;糖尿病溃疡患者12例,愈合9例,好转3例;外伤及下肢血管栓塞所致难愈性创面患者4例,愈合2例,好转2例。结论非手术综合疗法可促进老年慢性疾病患者的难愈性创面愈合,疗效可靠,值得进一步深入研究探讨。     

封闭负压引流技术治疗口腔颌面间隙感染的临床应用

目的 评价封闭负压引流（VSD）技术持续负压引流并生理盐水持续冲洗治疗口腔颌面间隙感染的疗效。方法 对116例颌面间隙感染病例进行回顾性分析,收集患者临床资料,比较常规手术切开引流（传统治疗组,58例）和手术切开VSD（VSD组,58例）这2种治疗方法的治疗效果。结果 VSD组患者的住院时间、白细胞计数、瘢痕长度、换药次数、疼痛程度均低于传统治疗组,张口改善度优于传统治疗组（P<0.05）。结论 封闭负压引流技术是治疗口腔颌面间隙感染的更为有效的一种方法。     

Mediastinitis after coronary artery bypass grafting: the effect of vacuum‐assisted closure versus traditional closed drainage on survival and re‐infection rate

Mediastinitis is treated with either vacuum‐assisted closure (VAC) or traditional closed drainage (TCD) with irrigation. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the two treatments on mortality and re‐infection rate in a source population, using 21 314 consecutive patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) from January 1997 to October 2010. Median observation time was 2·9 years in the VAC group and 8·0 years in the TCD group. The epidemiological design was of an exposed (VAC, n = 64) versus non‐exposed (TCD, n = 66) cohort with two endpoints: (1) mortality and (2) failure of sternal wound healing or re‐infection. The crude effect of treatment technique versus endpoint was estimated by univariate analysis. Stratification analysis by the Mantel–Haenszel method was performed to quantify confounders and to pinpoint effect modifiers. Adjustment for confounders was performed using Cox regression analysis. Mediastinitis was diagnosed 6–105 (median 14) days after primary operation in the VAC group and 13 (5–29) days in the TCD group. There was no difference between groups in long‐term survival. Failure of sternal wound healing or re‐infection occurred less frequently in the VAC group (6%) than in the TCD group (21%; relative risk = 0·29, 95% CI = 0·06–0·88, P = 0·01). There are concerns for increase in right ventricle rupture in VAC compared with TCD. There was no difference in survival after VAC therapy and TCD therapy of post‐CABG mediastinitis. Failure of sternal wound healing or re‐infection was more common after TCD therapy.     

Acceptability and clinical outcomes of first- and second-trimester surgical abortion by suction aspiration in Colombia

Objective(s)

Since partial decriminalization of abortion in Colombia, Oriéntame has provided legal abortion services through 15 weeks gestation in an outpatient primary care setting. We sought to document the safety and acceptability of the second trimester compared to the first-trimester surgical abortion in this setting.

Study Design

This was a prospective cohort study using a consecutive sample of 100 women undergoing surgical first-trimester abortion (11 weeks 6 days gestational age or less) and 200 women undergoing second-trimester abortion (12 weeks 0 days–15 weeks 0 days) over a 5-month period in 2012. After obtaining informed consent, a trained interviewer collected demographic and clinical information from direct observation and the patient's clinical chart. The interviewer asked questions after the procedure regarding satisfaction with the procedure, physical pain and emotional discomfort. Fifteen days later, the interviewer assessed satisfaction with the procedure and any delayed complications.

Results

There were no major complications and seven minor complications. Average measured blood loss was 37.87 mL in the first trimester and 109 mL in the second trimester (p<.001). Following the procedure, more second-trimester patients reported being very satisfied (81% vs. 94%, p=.006). Satisfaction was similar between groups at follow-up. There were no differences in reported emotional discomfort after the procedure or at follow-up, with the majority reporting no emotional discomfort. The majority of women (99%) stated that they would recommend the clinic to a friend or family member.

Conclusions

Second-trimester surgical abortion in an outpatient primary care setting in Colombia can be provided safely, and satisfaction with these services is high.

Implications

This is one of the first studies from Latin America, a region with a high proportion of maternal mortality due to unsafe abortion, which documents the safety and acceptability of surgical abortion in an outpatient primary care setting. Findings could support increased access to safe abortion services, particularly in the second trimester.     

Outcomes of patients with lobular in situ neoplasia of the breast: The role of vacuum-assisted biopsy

ObjectivesTo audit the outcomes of patients with non-pleomorphic lobular in situ neoplasia (LISN) of the breast and clarify the role of vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB), surgical biopsy and conservative management for this condition.Materials and methodA single-centre retrospective review of hospital databases covering a 14-year period was performed. Patients with LISN as the most pertinent diagnosis on core needle biopsy (CNB), vacuum-assisted biopsy (VABs) or surgical biopsy were identified. The radiological features, histopathological findings and outcome of subsequent annual mammography were recorded.ResultsBetween 1998 and 2012 there were 70 patients with LISN as the most pertinent diagnosis at CNB, VAB or surgery. 52 underwent VAB, typically 18 11-gauge samples. The pathology was upgraded from the preceding 14-gauge CNB in 7 cases. Of 11 patients who underwent surgery after VAB, one (who had undergone a low tissue yield VAB) was upgraded. There were no new breast cancers during a mean annual mammographic follow-up period of 53 months in 40 patients who had VAB with complete radiological-histopathological concordance.ConclusionProvided there is adequate tissue sampling and radiological-pathological concordance, VAB is a safe alternative to open biopsy in the management of non-pleomorphic LISN.