骨搬移法对下肢缺血疾病疗效的基础研究

目的　观察应用胫骨横向骨搬移法对犬下肢缺血性疾病动物模型的血管再生效果。方法　将 2 0只犬制成下肢缺血性疾病动物模型 ,建模后 1周对犬的后肢施行胫骨横向骨搬移术 ,即在胫骨内侧嵴开一个 5cm× 1cm骨窗 ,以特制的支架每天 1mm速度向外牵拉。分别于不同时期处死动物 ,通过皮温测定 ,光镜下测量血管密度 ,血管造影等方法来观察血管再生情况。结果　在不同时相点观察到伴随着骨的搬移 ,有明显的毛细血管再生现象 (以第 7～ 2 1天为著 )。结论　应用胫骨横向骨搬移法可对犬下肢缺血性疾病动物模型产生明显的血管再生 ,有明显的治疗效果     

The relations among putative biorisk markers in schizotypal adolescents: minor physical anomalies, movement abnormalities, and salivary cortisol.

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that prenatal insult may play a role in the etiology of psychotic disorders. Minor physical anomalies (MPA) are an indicator of abnormal fetal development and are elevated in individuals at genetic and behavioral risk for psychosis. Yet, there has been little empirical research on the relationships between MPAs and other neurobiological risk indicators. We hypothesized that the frequency of MPAs (an external marker of prenatal central nervous system [CNS] disruption) would be associated with two other biomarkers suggestive of disruptions in fetal neurodevelopment: movement abnormalities (an indicator of striatal abnormalities) and heightened cortisol secretion (an indicator of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal [HPA]/hippocampal function). METHODS: Participants with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD; n = 39) and both normal (n = 47) and other personality disorders (n = 28) control subjects were administered structured diagnostic interviews and assessed for MPAs, movement abnormalities, and salivary cortisol. RESULTS: Schizotypal personality disorder participants showed significantly greater MPAs and movement abnormalities and higher cortisol than both the normal and other personality disorders groups. Hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed that higher rates of MPAs were linked with greater movement abnormalities and salivary cortisol. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that MPAs serve as a marker of neurodevelopmental abnormalities that affect striatal and hippocampal regions.     

舟月骨间韧带在腕尺桡偏时舟月骨三维运动中的作用

目的 观察在腕关节尺桡偏运动时,舟月骨间韧带(scapholunate interosseous ligament,SLIL)及其各亚区分级切断后对舟骨与月骨三维运动的影响,从亚区水平对SLIL在舟月骨三维运动中的作用进行研究.方法 取12例新鲜冰冻成人上肢标本(左、右侧各6例),共分为正常对照组、断SLIL近侧组、断SLIL近+背侧组、断SLIL近+掌侧组、SLIL全断组(每组6例).采用三维激光扫描及图像重建技术,测定在腕关节尺桡偏时舟骨与月骨的三维运动数据,并进行统计学处理.结果 在正常腕关节做尺桡偏运动时,舟、月骨同时也做尺桡偏运动,但还伴有明显的屈伸方向上的运动;与此同时,舟、月骨还做一定的旋前、旋后活动.在切断近+掌和近+背侧亚区组,舟月骨的活动受到影响.全切断SLIL会导致舟骨掌屈度增加,月骨掌屈活动减弱.结论 采用三维激光扫描及图像重建技术可准确测定腕舟月骨的三维活动度,从SLIL亚区水平上进行的研究表明,部分或全部切断SLIL后会对舟月骨的掌屈程度产生明显影响,但SLIL近侧亚区在控制舟、月骨的活动上不起主要作用.     

熵指数对异氟烷麻醉中切皮体动反应的预测作用

目的 研究熵指数(包括反应熵和状态熵)对异氟烷复合麻醉中切皮体动反应的预测作用并与双频谱指数(BIS)比较.方法 ASA Ⅱ级择期腹部手术患者20例,按切皮有无体动反应分为体动组(9例)和非体动组(11例).入室后常规监测,然后静注异丙酚、琥珀胆碱、芬太尼快诱导气管插管,持续吸入异氟烷,维持呼气末异氟烷浓度为1.3MAC,维持10min后开始手术,切皮前不用神经肌肉阻滞剂,如果发生体动,则按10%提高下一个患者异氟烷呼气末浓度,如果不动则按10%降低下一个患者异氟烷呼气末浓度.分别于入室、切皮前60s、30s、切皮后45s、120s对每例患者同时行熵指数和BIS监测.结果 两组患者的熵指数值有显著性差异(P＜0.05),而BIS无显著性差异(P＞0.05).反应熵和状态熵可以预测切皮体动,其预测概率(Pk)值分别为0.893 7和0.885 2,BIS不能预测切皮体动,Pk值是0.591 9,熵指数和BIS的Pk值之间有显著性差异(P＜0.05),Pk与反应熵和状态熵的Logistic回归方程分别为ln [Pk/(1-Pk)]=32.517-0.481x和ln [Pk/(1-Pk)]=28.728-0.438x.结论 熵指数监测可以预测异氟烷麻醉中的切皮体动反应,值得临床推广应用.     

下肢深静脉血栓形成MR检查的临床价值

目的探讨下肢深静脉血栓形成磁共振血管成像（MRA）和下肢深静脉血栓磁共振直接成像（MRDTI）的临床价值。资料与方法对25例临床确诊为下肢深静脉血栓形成的患者进行MRA和MRDTI检查．MRA采用二维时间飞越法（2DTOF）；MRDTI选用SET1WI、FSET2WI、FAST（fourier acquired steady state，FAST）序列。其中23例行数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查，MRA与DSA进行对照分析。结果下肢深静脉血栓形成的MRA表现有：静脉充盈缺损（14例）、静脉闭塞和中断（8例）、静脉再通（3例）、侧支循环形成（25例）。以DSA为诊断标准，MRA诊断符合率为95．65％。下肢深静脉血栓形成MRDTI表现为：急性血栓（19例），血栓在SET1WI、FSET2WI和FAST序列上多为等信号或高信号，信号多不均匀，6例可见血管周围水肿；慢性血栓（6例），血栓在SET1WI、FSET2WI和FAST序列上多均为低或等信号。结论2DTOFMRA结合多种序列MRDTI的表现，诊断下肢深静脉血栓更准确,并可以为判断血栓新旧提供依据。     

镍钛形状记忆合金内固定器治疗四肢骨折失败原因与对策分析

[目的]探讨镍钛形状记忆合金内固定器治疗四肢骨折的失败原因与对策.[方法]回顾分析镍钛形状记忆合金内固定器治疗四肢骨折259例中,8例术后出现内固定器松动、松脱、断裂的原因及处理方法.[结果]259例骨折患者中内固定失败8例,发生率3.1%;其中尺骨骨折1例、股骨骨折2例术后内固定器断裂,二次手术达骨性愈合;锁骨骨折2例,肱骨及股骨骨折各1例术后出现内固定器松动翘起,骨折畸形愈合;1例髌骨骨折骨折愈合后髌骨爪松脱.[结论]镍钛形状记忆合金内固定器治疗四肢骨折只有严格掌握手术指征,根据不同部位选择最佳的型号及长度,术中规范操作,术后进行安全的康复锻炼,才能避免内固定失败的发生.     

上肢屈曲性旋转撕脱离断伤的形成及功能挽救

目的探讨上肢轴向屈曲性旋转撕脱离断伤的形成以及侧胸和背部组织在功能挽救中的应用方式和疗效。方法2000年7月～2003年9月共收治6例上肢轴向屈曲性旋转撕脱离断伤患者,所有病例行一期再植或寄养再植。术后肩关节外展90°、肘关节屈曲100°位石膏或支具固定,6周后去除固定行功能锻炼。结果6例患者再植均顺利成活,随访3个月～2年,术后肩关节外展50°～90°,前屈50°～70°,后伸20°～30°,内收20°～40°;肘关节屈曲100°～140°,伸-20°～0°;重建术后3个月时屈肘肌力达Ⅳ～Ⅴ级。结论充分利用侧胸和背部组织特点进行分期、分层手术,解决创面覆盖和功能重建互相干扰的矛盾,是挽救严重轴向屈曲性旋转撕脱离断伤上肢,恢复其外形和功能的可靠方法。     

Evolution of accommodative function and development of ocular movements in children

The evolution of the accommodative function and development of ocular movement are evaluated in a non-clinical paediatric population (1056 subjects) aged 6-12 years, providing means for each age in the optometric tests that evaluate the accommodative amplitude, accommodative facility, accommodative response (lag), and saccadic movements. A comparison of these values between ages (anova) established three distinct trends in the behaviour of these parameters. The accommodative amplitude, measured by modified dynamic retinoscopy, and the evaluation of the saccadic movements by the development of ocular movements [developmental eye movement (DEM)] test showed continuous change with age. The values for monocular and binocular accommodative facility, measured by +/-2.00 D flippers, indicated the need to divide the population into two age groups (6-7 and 8-12 years). Finally, the means of accommodative response, measured by monocular estimation model (MEM) retinoscopy, and the direct observation of saccadic movement revealed no significant differences between ages, establishing a single mean reference value for the age group studied.     

颈段、胸上段食管癌的外科治疗

目的总结外科手术治疗颈段、胸上段食管癌（肿瘤上极距胸廓入口下方≤3cm）的临床经验,以提高手术疗效,减少术后并发症的发生。方法回顾性分析我院收治的142例颈段、胸上段食管癌患者的临床资料,其中行食管癌根治术122例,姑息切除术15例,总手术切除率为96.5%,探查术5例。主要重建手术术式包括：单纯剥脱胃代食管术、结肠代食管术、空肠代食管术、胸大肌皮瓣重建术;右胸-上腹-颈三切口胃代食管术、全喉切除＋胃代食管术、管胃代食管术,左胸-颈两切口、胃代食管术。结果住院死亡5例,其中2例死于肺部感染,1例结肠坏死致严重感染,1例姑息切除后胃气管漏致肺部感染,1例胃大量反流误吸。9例患者食管上切端发现癌残留。8例颈段食管癌和21例胸上段食管癌患者术后发生并发症,主要包括空肠坏死、结肠坏死、喉返神经损伤、肺部感染、吞咽功能障碍、食管反流。随访117例,随访率85.4%（117/137）,随访时间1～5年;失访20例。术后1、3、5年生存率分别为72%,48%和31%。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳa期患者的5年生存率分别为82.3%,61.2%,25.0%和5.0%。结论颈段和肿瘤上极距胸廓入口下方≤3cm的胸上段食管癌患者的手术治疗在手术方式、切除范围、术后并发症的防治、术后功能保留和恢复等方面尚需进一步探讨。