超声耦合剂最佳声阻的近似计算

目前国内超声医学界对最佳耦合剂声阻数值的选择尚无较为准确的说法。作者从声束通过介质薄层透射率公式出发，用近似计算方法，找出了最佳耦合剂数值的大小，并对适宜的声头材料、耦合剂材料提出建议。     

2158 例神经管缺陷儿的产前B型超声波诊断分析

回顾性分析1990～1993年全国28省、市、自治区233所医院,住院分娩的孕满28周的2158例神经管缺陷儿的产前诊断情况,了解我国神经管缺陷儿产前B型超声波诊断情况.结果显示:我国神经管缺陷产前诊断的比例为61.8%,产前B型超声波诊断的比例为56.5%,其中无脑畸形、脑膜脑膨出、脊髓外翻的产前B型超声波诊断比例分别为66.7% 、62.5%、52.5%.胸段(46.4%)、腰段(43.4%)的脊柱裂产前B型超声波诊断的病例较颈段 (35.5%)、骶段(31.7%)高(P<0.05).省级、市级、县级及部队工矿医院神经管缺陷的产前B型超声波诊断比例分别为55.7%、59.4%、49.0%、57.2%.1991～1993年神经管缺陷产前B型超声波诊断比例分别为53.5%、55.8%、60.7%、54.7%.无脑畸形、脑膜脑膨出、脊髓外翻产前B型超声波诊断的比例较高.     

青海省甘德县人群包虫病流行病学调查

用Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ和Ｂ超、Ｘ线在果洛州甘德县进行了人群包虫病的流行病学调查。结果表明,人群包虫病血清阳性率为１０．８３％。男性和女性分别为９．２９％和１２．９２％。Ｂ超、Ｘ线检查阳性率为５．７７％,男性和女性分别为４．８３％和７．０５％。女性高于男性不同职业血清阳性率和Ｂ超、Ｘ线检查阳性率均以牧民最高（１７．５６＾和１１．５６％）随年龄增加,人群包虫病血清阳性率和Ｂ超、Ｘ线检查阳性率越高。不同地     

Three quantitative ultrasound parameters reflect bone structure

We investigated whether quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters are associated with bone structure. In an in vitro study on 20 cubes of trabecular bone, we measured broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and two newly defined parameters—ultrasound velocity through bone (UVB) and ultrasound attenuation in bone (UAB). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone structure was assessed by microcomputed tomography (CT) with approximately 80 m spatial resolution. We found all three QUS parameters to be significantly associated with bone structure independently of BMD. UVB was largely influenced by trabecular separation, UAB by connectivity, and BUA by a combination of both. For a one standard deviation (SD) increase in UVB, a decrease in trabecular separation of 1.2 SD was required compared with a 1.4 SD increase in BMD for the same effect. A 1.0 SD increase in UAB required a reduction in connectivity of 1.4 SD. Multivariate models of QUS versus BMD combined with bone structure parameters showed squared correlation coefficients of r²=0.70–0.85 for UVB, r²=0.27–0.56 for UAB, and r²=0.30–0.68 for BUA compared with r²=0.18–0.58 for UVB, r²<0.26 for UAB and r²<0.13 for BUA for models including BMD alone. QUS thus reflects bone structure, and a combined analysis of QUS and BMD will allow for a more comprehensive assessment of skeletal status than either method alone.     

Ultrasound of femoral head cartilage: a new method of assessing bone age

This paper analyses the relationship between the thickness of the anterior femoral head cartilage (FHC), as measured by ultrasound, and some anthropometric parameters, such as height, weight, skeletal and chronological age. In addition, it provides standard norms for FHC thickness in a paediatric population. Both hips were examined in 213 consecutive subjects (99 boys and 114 girls), aged 1.9–14 years. Seventy-four subjects underwent hand and wrist X-rays for skeletal maturation: 32 of these were dropped from the study because a discrepancy as high as two standard deviations was found between their skeletal and their chronological age. The thickness of FHC correlated strongly with skeletal and chronological age, standing height and body weight. A side difference of 0.2 mm in FHC was considered to be abnormal. The study population was divided into 13 groups according to chronological age and values of FHC for boys and girls are provided for each group. It is suggested that the magnitude of hyaline FHC is a valuable feature in the evaluation of skeletal maturation in children.     

84例女性盆腔包块的超声诊断分析

目的：评价Ｂ超对女性盆腔包块的诊断价值。方法：对８４例经手术、病理等方法证实的女性盆腔包块的超声诊断进行分析,并分析误诊原因。结果：超声诊断正确率分别为子宫肌瘤组９１４３％;卵巢肿瘤组８４２１％;异位妊娠组８０％;滋养层细胞肿瘤组８８８９％;盆腔炎性包块组８３３３％。结论：Ｂ超对女性盆腔包块的诊断有较高的价值。     

A case of totally cystic fibroepithelial polyp of the renal pelvis

Fibroepithelial polyps are the most frequently observed mesenchymal tumors of the renal pelvis. We report on one case of fibroepithelial polyp of the renal pelvis with unusual CT findings of totally cystic structure with septations. Received: 27 July 1998; Revised: 6 January 1999; Accepted: 8 February 1999     

The Effects of 10 Weeks Military Training on Heel Ultrasound and Bone Turnover

To measure the physiological changes in bone in response to strenuous exercise we performed a prospective study of male army recruits over 10 weeks of basic training. Measurements performed at the start and completion of training consisted of ultrasound (US) measurements of the heel: velocity of sound (VOS in m/seconds) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA in dB/MHz) and bone turnover markers; osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Forty subjects were recruited for the study and 26 completed training. Over the 10-week study period there was a significant 1.7% fall in mean VOS [mean paired difference (mpd) 27.2 m/second, SEM 9.5 (95% CI 7.5–46.8) P= 0.009] and a nonsignificant 3.4% increase in BUA (P= 0.159). There were significant falls in markers of bone formation OC [11.6%, mpd 0.11 μg/liter (95% CI 0.07–0.14) P < 0.001] and BALP [13.3%, mpd 3.49 U/liter (CI 0.80–6.18) P= 0.013] and a nonsignificant 9.5% fall in TRAP a marker of bone resorption. The 10 recruits subsequently injured had a significantly lower VOS on entry [mean difference 24.2 m/seconds (95% CI 4.6–43.7) P= 0.017] and nonsignificantly raised BUA and baseline levels of all bone markers. The ultrasound changes may be accounted for by increase in trabecular separation and a fall in trabecular connectivity due to microfracture. The decrease in bone markers implies a fall in bone turnover. Received: 26 June 1997 / Accepted: 26 August 1998     

Ultrasound Densitometry of the Os Calcis in Patients with Hemiparesis Following a Cerebrovascular Accident

Ultrasound densitometry has been measured in the os calcis of 31 stroke patients (14 women, 17 men), ages 46–87 years, to determine whether bone density is lower than expected for normal subjects at this site, and to investigate whether or not the stroke side has lower values than the nonstroke side. We have also measured a large control group of 268(39 men, 228 women) subjects who showed similar values to other published data. Immobility is a known precursor to bone loss and so we also compared ultrasound Stiffness Index with an index of mobility in 22 of the stroke patients. In healthy subjects, ultrasound densitometry (measured as Stiffness) fell by 25% in females from 48–52 to 68–72 years. Stiffness (expressed as z-score) in patients with stroke was low in females (P < 0.02) but not in males, but both stroke side and nonstroke side were equally low. Stiffness did not decline with time since stroke, but did correlate with mobility after stroke, on the stroke (r = 0.73) and nonstroke (r = 0.62) side. The data suggest that stroke patients, particularly females, have low bone density before the stroke event. The greater ultrasound Stiffness with increasing mobility after stroke may suggest that active rehabilitation after stroke may produce denser bone. Received: 30 July 1997 / Accepted: 10 June 1999