吞咽康复训练联合抗抑郁药治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的疗效观察

目的观察吞咽康复训练联合抗抑郁药治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的临床疗效。方法脑卒中后并发吞咽障碍133例住院患者随机分为治疗组（68例）和对照组（65例）,2组患者均接受神经内科常规治疗,1周内给予吞咽康复训练,治疗组在此基础上给予抗抑郁药帕罗西丁,起始剂量10吲d,早餐后服用,第2周增加至20mg／d。4周后进行疗效评定。结果治疗组有效率92．65％,对照组有效率76．93％,两组比较差异有统计学意义,x^2=6．64,P〈0．05。结论抗抑郁药帕罗西丁能明显提高脑卒中后吞咽障碍的疗效。     

Spinal cord transection modifies ileal fluid and electrolyte transport in rats

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with severe autonomic changes, including inhibition of gastrointestinal (GI) motility. GI motility changes are known to affect electrolytes transport and these changes have not been adequately studied after SCI. We studied the ileal permeability to fluid and electrolytes in rats submitted to experimental spinal cord transection (SCT), between T4 and T5, throughout the first week after SCT. SCT increased ileal secretion of Na+ (P<0.05) and decreased the Cl(-) absorption during the first week post SCI (P<0.05). Water transport was also significantly altered, leading to increased water secretion following the Na+ gradient. Ileal secretion of K+ was significantly increased 1 and 7 days after spinal cord injury. To our knowledge, the present findings are the first direct evidence that SCT alters ileal electrolyte transport in rats. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon.     

基于吞咽功能筛查的分级护理干预在桥小脑角肿瘤患者中的运用研究

目的探讨分级护理干预措施在桥小脑角肿瘤患者中的运用效果。方法将2014年8月-2015年9月入住我科的89例桥小脑角肿瘤患者按照入院顺序分为对照组和干预组,两组患者均通过洼田饮水试验来判断患者的吞咽功能。对照组在患者术后初次进食、进饮时进行吞咽功能测试,并根据测试结果进行常规护理。干预组对患者进行每日1次吞咽功能测试,并根据患者吞咽功能的分级来制订分级护理干预措施:包括患者进食前的体位;进食时的用具、一次量、饮食的种类、喂食的人员、吞咽技巧;进食后的口腔护理及功能锻炼等。比较两组患者在术后1~10d内吞咽可疑、障碍检出率、误吸发生率、胃管留置率上的差异。结果干预组在吞咽异常和障碍的检出率高于对照组(P0.05),误吸发生率和胃管留置率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论增加桥小脑角区肿瘤患者吞咽功能的筛查次数,可增加吞咽功能障碍的检出率。根据患者吞咽功能的动态变化,实施分级护理干预措施,规范护士护理行为,避免经验式护理,可保证患者的饮食安全,减少胃管置入,同时预防误吸的发生。     

Accidental ingestion of foreign object: Systematic review,recommendations and report of a case

One of the serious complications during a routine endodontic procedure is accidental ingestion/aspiration of the endodontic instruments, which can happen when proper isolation is not done. There are at present no clear guidelines whether foreign body ingestion in the gastrointestinal tract should be managed conservatively, endoscopically or surgically. A 5 year old boy reported to the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, D.A. Pandu Memorial R.V. Dental College, Bangalore, India, with a complaint of pain and swelling in the lower right back teeth region. Endodontic therapy was planned for the affected tooth. During the course of treatment the child accidentally swallowed a 21 mm 15 size K file. Endoscopy was performed immediately but the instrument could not be retrieved. The instrument passed out uneventfully along with the stools 48 h after ingestion.Careful evaluation of the patient immediately after the accident helps in managing the patient effectively along with following the recommended guidelines.     

Temporal reconstruction of sonographic imaging of disturbed tongue movements

Documentation of tongue movement during swallowing has been restricted to the recording of fluorographic or ultrasound images on cineor videofilm. The new approach of temporal sonographic imaging with reconstruction of one single image for the total act of swallowing presents a direct approach to obtaining substantial information concerning tongue movements and motility. The applicability of this reconstructed image for the documentation, interpretation, and comparison of tongue movements is demonstrated using examples of normal and pathologic swallowing.     

应用咽部冷刺激法于老年吞咽障碍康复训练的观察及护理

吞咽障碍是老年患者的临床常见症状,吞咽障碍可造成水和其它营养成分摄入不足,进食易出现误吸致吸入性肺炎及各种并发症甚至死亡。胃管鼻饲虽然能解决进食问题,但患者往往难以接受,另外,如长期留置鼻饲管不仅可造成鼻、咽、食管黏膜溃疡及出血等多种并发症[1],不利于吞咽功能的     

纤维鼻咽喉镜吞咽功能检查在急性脑卒中患者中的应用

目的 探讨纤维鼻咽喉镜吞咽功能检查(FEES)在急性脑卒中患者吞咽功能评估中的应用价值.方法 对95例急性脑卒中患者进行FEES检查,以食物渗漏、穿透、误吸和潴留为主要观察指标,比较误吸患者及无误吸患者的肺炎发生情况,根据FEES检查结果 对患者进食途径给予相应的建议.结果 FEES检查显示,入组的95例患者中有45例存在食物渗漏,34例存在穿透,47例存在误吸,53例存在潴留;检查中出现误吸的患者肺炎发生率显著高于无误吸的患者(分别为5.5%和O%,P＜0.001,OR=1.343,95%CI为1.136～1.588).根据FEES检查结果 ,建议34例患者可正常经口进食,27例患者需要接受代偿性治疗措施,34例患者需要鼻饲饮食.所有患者均未出现鼻出血、气道痉挛和心率血压骤然变化等严重并发症.结论 FEES检查在急性脑卒中患者吞咽障碍的诊断和处理中是一个非常有价值的评估工具.