超声造影技术在腹腔镜T1期肝细胞癌切除术中的应用价值

目的：探讨超声造影(CEUS)技术在腹腔镜T1期肝细胞癌(HCC)切除术中的应用价值。方法：选择2018年1月—2020年12月于天津医科大学第二医院行腹腔镜T1期HCC切除术的患者80例,根据是否行术前CEUS将患者分为造影组和对照组(每组40例)。均在距肿瘤边缘0.5 cm处切开患者肝脏实质并完整切除肿瘤,然后在切缘3个不同位置取组织活检。采用免疫组化检测癌组织中增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)及Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)的表达水平。记录患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、肿瘤直径、切缘长度、术后进食时间、拔除引流管时间、术后最高丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和总胆红素(TBIL)及其恢复正常时间。术后均行规律随访观察。结果：与对照组相比,造影组手术时间(t=11.69,P<0.001)及住院时间更短(t=9.40,P<0.001),术中出血量更少(t=14.86,P<0.001);而两组患者在肿瘤直径(t=0.28,P=0.78)、切缘长度(t=0.18,P=0.86)、术后进食时间(t=0.44,P=0.66)及拔除引流管时间(t=1.16,P=0.25)方面差异均...     

Pregnancy following treatment of symptomatic myomas with laparoscopic bipolar coagulation of uterine vessels

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic bipolar coagulation of uterine vessels (LBCUV) has been employed for women with symptomatic uterine myomas, but its effect on subsequent pregnancy has not been characterized. METHODS: Four-hundred and twenty-three women entered the study between March 1999 and December 2001. Of these, 142 women (33.6%) were under the age of 40 years at the time of LBCUV, 36 of whom (36/142, 25.3%) were sexually active without contraception. In a prospective study of 142 patients (<40 years old) undergoing LBCUV for symptomatic myomas, 15 women became pregnant (17 total pregnancies) and were evaluated by physical and ultrasound examinations. RESULTS: The volume of the dominant myoma was 117.4 +/- 118.4 and 36.8 +/- 56.8 cm(3) before and after LBCUV respectively. Volume of the dominant myoma after pregnancy was 46.2 +/- 76.7 cm(3) (mean +/- SD). There was a significant difference in myoma volume before and after LBCUV (P = 0.002), but no significant difference in myoma volume when comparing post-partum size with post-LBCUV size (P = 0.269). Pregnancy outcomes included seven miscarriages in the first trimester and one premature rupture of membrane (PPROM). Although the other pregnancies were regarded as uncomplicated, only two women were delivered of normal neonates as the other seven pregnancies were terminated secondary to patient request. CONCLUSIONS: The pregnancy and term pregnancy rates in sexually active women without contraception were 41.6% (15/36) and 5.6% (2/36) respectively. Because a relatively high rate (7/17, 41.2%) of early miscarriages was observed, we recommend that this procedure be employed only for women who do not desire additional children.     

Renal metabolism of corticosteroid hormones

Summary IK and STF from male and female rats have been used to study in vitro the renal metabolism of B. in male rat tissue four lipid soluble metabolites (I–IV) have been found, I+II being more polar and III+IV being less polar than B. I and II have been identified as 11-dehydro-20-hydroxy-B and 20-hydroxy-B. The structure of III and IV remains to be determined. Renal tissue from female rats produced predominantly III indicating sexual variations of steroid metabolism in kidneys. — The literature has been reviewed which documents that the kidneys in addition to B metabolize A, cortisol, progesterone and other corticosteroids.

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Abbreviations A Aldosterone - B Corticosterone - Alb Albumin - CS Corticosteroids - MCS/GCS Mineralo-/gluco-CS - IK Isolated (perfused) kidney - STF Suspended tubular fragments Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Hi 97/16     

瑞芬太尼复合七氟烷用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床研究

目的探讨瑞芬太尼复合七氟烷应用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的麻醉效果、不良反应及对麻醉苏醒的影响。方法Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,无合并症,拟行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的成年患者100例,随机分为瑞芬和对照组,各50例,两组术前用药,麻醉诱导用药及方法相同,观察组于诱导开始用微量泵连续静脉输入瑞芬太尼（20μg/mlNS）,输注速率根据麻醉深度及生命体征变化调节,不采用单次注药。麻醉期间常规监测NIBP、ECG、HR、SpO2观察麻醉效果、苏醒时间,麻醉苏醒程度、不良反应。结果术中芬太尼用量、七氟烷吸入浓度,瑞芬组较对照组低,观察组麻醉清醒时间、拔管时间明显短于对照组（P〈0.01）,苏醒评分明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）,两组术中低血压及心动过缓的发生差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论应用瑞芬太尼复合七氟烷能明显加快腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人全身麻醉后的苏醒,其药理特性符合快通道麻醉的求,安全有效。     

腹腔镜手术与传统手术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝

目的探析腹腔镜与传统手术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的临床效果。方法集合本院2016年1月-2019年9月期间接收小儿腹股沟斜疝(年龄<13周岁)234例,以实际治疗术式来分组,传统手术组201例,腹腔镜组33例,对比组行传统手术,腹腔镜组予以腹腔镜手术治疗,对比两组术中失血量、住院时间、初次下床活动时间、术后禁食时长、治疗费用,统计术后并发症并行组间对比。结果此次研究显示腹腔镜组术中失血量更少、术后禁食时长及初次下床活动时间更短(P<0.05),住院时间及、治疗费用组间对照中,腹腔镜组住院时间显著更短但治疗费用显著更高(P<0.05),术后并发症统计显示,腹腔镜组并发症发生率显著更低(P<0.05)。结论在小儿腹股沟斜疝治疗中腹腔镜手术虽费用较高,但患儿术后并发症更少,恢复更快,可优先选用。     

Robot-Assisted vs Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy in Octogenarians

ObjectiveWith increasing age, there is greater need for right-sided colonic resections than its left-sided counterparts. Older age is associated with limited physical and functional status, which carries greater operative risk. Improvements in robotic surgery questions its role, especially in older adults, compared with laparoscopy. The objective is to investigate whether robotic right hemicolectomy (RRH) is as safe and effective as laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (LHR) in octogenarians (age >80 years).DesignRetrospective cross-sectional analysis.Settings and ParticipantsOctogenarians who underwent elective RRH and LRH by the Tweed Colorectal Group over 5 years.MethodsComplications within 30 days, age, gender, smoking status, immunocompromised status, presence of diabetes, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status score, preoperative Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, mFI-5 (modified frailty index), operative time, method of anastomosis, postoperative length of stay (LOS), need for rehabilitation, and short-term oncologic data using the TNM criteria were compared using univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsSeventy-eight elective patients were included. LRH and RRH groups had similar median ages, gender distribution, and comorbidities. Across the entire cohort, 61.5% had no 30-day complications. RRH had nonsignificantly shorter operative time but significantly shorter LOS (5 vs 8 days) and fewer minor complications (24.5% vs 34.5%). Major complications and overall complications were not significantly different between the groups. Lower ASA and ECOG status were associated with lower complication rates across both groups. Oncologic resection outcomes were similar for both approaches.Conclusions and ImplicationsRRH does not confer an increased risk of complications compared to LRH in the octogenarians and may be a viable alternative in the field of minimally invasive surgery for older patients. Future research should focus on intracorporeal anastomoses, as it is a potential confounder leading to the shorter inpatient LOS shown in our robotic group.     

机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术的预后风险因素

目的探讨机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术(RARC)后的预后风险因素。方法回顾性分析南京鼓楼医院2014年12月至2018年12月收治的224例行RARC患者的临床和随访资料,男193例,女31例。平均年龄68(36~92)岁。7例(3.1%)接受新辅助化疗。125例(55.8%)美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)评分>2分。平均体质指数23.4(15.4~35.5)kg/m2。所有患者均行RARC。使用Kaplan-Meier法绘制无复发生存率(RFS)、癌症特异性生存率(CSS)和总生存率(OS)曲线。使用Cox比例风险回归模型评估RARC患者生存结局与围手术期和病理因素的相关性。结果本组224例手术,中位手术时间380(160~670)min。中位术中估计失血量为350(100~1900)ml,72例(32.1%)术中输血。术后T分期分别为≤T1期82例,T2期64例,T3期57例,T4期21例。淋巴结转移49例(21.9%),手术切缘阳性12例(5.4%),伴淋巴脉管侵犯(LVI)82例(36.6%)。术后辅助化疗41例(18.3%)。中位随访时间24(11~60)个月。5年累积OS、RFS和CSS分别为57.15%、48.84%和59.60%。单因素Cox回归分析结果显示T分期(HR=5.764,95%CI 1.926~17.249,P=0.002;HR=4.086,95%CI 1.611~10.364,P=0.003;HR=9.391,95%CI 2.118~41.637,P=0.003)、N分期(HR=6.446,95%CI 3.438~12.087,P<0.001;HR=5.661,95%CI 3.086~10.385,P<0.001;HR=5.980,95%CI 2.982~11.992,P<0.001)、LVI(HR=3.319,95%CI 2.008~5.486,P<0.001;HR=2.894,95%CI 1.782~4.701,P<0.001;HR=3.471,95%CI 2.017~5.974,P<0.001)、ASA评分(HR=2.888,95%CI 1.619~5.150,P<0.001;HR=1.765,95%CI 1.060~2.940,P=0.029;HR=2.612,95%CI 1.424~4.792,P=0.002)、体质指数(HR=0.886,95%CI 0.819~0.957,P=0.002;HR=0.885,95%CI 0.819~0.955,P=0.002;HR=0.862,95%CI 0.792~0.938,P=0.001)、年龄(HR=1.580,95%CI 1.250~1.997,P<0.001;HR=1.362,95%CI 1.088~1.705,P=0.007;HR=1.530,95%CI 1.190~1.968,P=0.001)和术中输血(HR=1.899,95%CI 1.160~3.108,P=0.011;HR=2.218,95%CI 1.371~3.587,P=0.001;HR=2.227,95%CI 1.312~3.782,P=0.003)是OS、RFS和CSS的显著预测因素。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,T分期(HR=4.506,95%CI 1.433~14.175,P=0.01;HR=3.159,95%CI 1.180~8.454,P=0.022;HR=7.810,95%CI 1.674~36.444,P=0.009),N分期(HR=6.096,95%CI 2.981~12.467,P<0.001;HR=5.368,95%CI 2.683~10.740,P<0.001;HR=5.539,95%CI 2.497~12.288,P<0.001)和ASA评分(HR=6.180,95%CI 2.371~16.110,P<0.001;HR=2.702,95%CI 1.175~6.215,P=0.019;HR=6.471,95%CI 2.290~18.286,P<0.001)分别是OS、RFS和CSS的独立预测因素,辅助化疗(HR=0.434,95%CI 0.202~0.930,P=0.032)是OS的独立预测因素。结论T分期、N分期和ASA评分是RARC术后患者OS、RFS和CSS的独立预测因素,辅助化疗是OS的独立预测因素。     

应用CiteSpace软件对腹腔镜肝切除术文献行可视化分析报告

Visual analysis of laparoscopic hepatectomy by CiteSpace software        LIU Yao*,CAO Kuan,ZHANG Bin,et al. *Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004,China Corresponding author：WANG Ren-hao, E-mail:wangrenhao@xzhmu.edu.cn Abstract    Objective    To analyze the papers,research hotspots and research trends in the research field of laparoscopic hepatectomy,so as to provide references for relevant personnel in this field to carry out the academic research of laparoscopic hepatectomy.  Methods    In the web of Science（WOS）,take " laparoscopic liver resection " as the subject word, "August 20,2021" as the time node,and "paper or review" as the source to limit the type of journals. Use Excel to sort out the retrieved documents,and get the basic overview of the annual number of documents,countries or regions,periodicals,institutions and authors. Use CiteSpace to perform keyword cluster analysis,and obtain the research hotspot and development trend. Results    A total of 2792 articles were retrieved,the total number of publications was small,  but the annual publication volume showed an increasing trend. Literature sources were highly concentrated in a few countries or regions. More than 100 articles in this field were published by 3 journals. More than 100 documents issued by 3 issuing institutions. More than 50 articles issued by 10 people. The research hotspots in this field focused on radiofrequency ablation,liver surgery,cholecystectomy,liver transferase and surgical management. From the evolution trend of research topics from 2002 to 2021,partial hepatectomy,ultrasonography,cancer cells,malignant tumors,liver tumors,laparoscopic cholecystectomy,bile duct injury,radiofrequency ablation of liver metastasis,surgical management,diagnostic laparoscopy,single center,meta-analysis and outcm are the frontier topics in this field,it may become the focus of scholars' attention in the next few years. Conclusion    Laparoscopic hepatectomy has been widely used all over the world because of its advantages of small trauma and rapid recovery. In the future,it is necessary to pay attention to the cutting-edge research in this field and explore new surgical methods on the existing basis.     

对保胆取石历史和现状再认知

近年来,尽管腹腔镜胆囊切除术已成为治疗胆囊结石的主流术式,内镜保胆取石手术在某些医院仍颇为流行。从历史和实践来看,内镜保胆取石并未体现外科技术的突破,反而可能违背了胆囊结石的医疗原则。行保胆取石的病人选择及操作的合理性均存疑问,诸多临床研究的规范性、科学性欠妥,且术后长期随访数据匮乏,相关医生对继发胆囊癌变的问题普遍认识不足,更有一些医生及媒体对其进行夸大甚至错误的宣传。作为一项理念和技术均不成熟的外科操作,该术式目前尚不能作为胆囊结石治疗的规范手段,需医患双方谨慎选择。     

LC+LCBDE+PDC与ERCP+EST+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的对比研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合胆总管探查一期缝合（LC+LCBDE+PDC）与内镜下胆管取石联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ERCP+EST+LC）两种手术方式治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效比较。方法 回顾性分析2017 年5月至2019 年5月郑州大学附属郑州中心医院135 例胆囊结合并胆总管结石的患者临床资料,76例行LC+LCBDE+PDC（PDC组）,59例行ERCP+EST+LC（ERCP组）,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛、术后禁食时间、术后活动时间以及术后住院时间、住院费用和并发症情况。结果 术前两组患者在年龄、性别、体重指数、胆总管直径、最大结石直径及数量、血清胆红素水平方面均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。PDC组在术中出血量[（39.0±18.6）mL vs （59.5±21.3）mL,t=3.574,P=0.038]、术后禁食时间[（42.8±12.9）h vs（72.8±23.9）h,t=4.443,P=0.014]、下床活动时间[（18.7±3.2）h vs（32.6±8.2）h,t=1.553,P=0.017]、术后住院时间[（5.21±1.29）d vs（8.79±2.37）d,t=2.265,P=0.023]和住院费用[（25 187±1 179）元 vs（38 406±1 315）元,t=5.374,P=0.008]方面均优于ERCP组（P＜0.05）,在手术时间、术后疼痛方面两组均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。两组在术后出血、黄疸方面均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,PDC组在术后胃肠道反应[11.8%（9/76）vs 25.4%（15/59）,χ2 =4.191,P=0.041]、胰腺炎[2.6%（2/76）vs 13.6%（8/59）,χ2 =4.299,P=0.038]、残余结石[0（0/76）vs 6.8%（4/59）,χ2 =5.310,P=0.034]发生率方面低于ERCP组,但胆漏发生率[7.9%（6/76）vs 0（0/59）,χ2 =4.875,P=0.035]高于ERCP组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 LC+LCBDE+PDC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石安全有效,既能避免术后留置T管,也能保留Oddi括约肌功能,值得临床推广应用。