LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY: THE EXPERIENCE OF A COMMUNITY HOSPITAL

Background: The practice of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a community hospital is presented. The morbidity of the procedure is analysed and recommendations for improvement are made. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was introduced into this 200 bed community hospital in October 1990. All five general surgeons accredited to the hospital agreed to participate in a quality assurance programme to determine the incidence of complications and to make recommendations for improvement. Methods: The records of all 534 patients having laparoscopic cholecystectomy between October 1990 and September 1993 were reviewed, and all complications recorded. Results: Of the 534 cases reviewed in the study 470 were considered uncomplicated and 64 patients experienced a total of 85 postoperative complications. The death of one patient was caused by a pulmonary embolus and another patient experienced a myocardial infarction. Twenty patients has postoperative atelectasis or pneumonia and urinary infection or retention occurred in seven. Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy requiring a conversion to open cholecystectomy occurred in eight patients, biliary complications occurred in 18 and 11 patients required re-operation. Conclusions: Three areas of concern were identified. They were the incidence of major biliary injury (0.37% of all cases) and its management, the role of cholangiography. and the incidence and prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Recommendations for improvement in these areas were made.     

Laparoscopic salpingectomy in tubal pregnancy: prospective randomized trial using endoloop versus electrocautery

AIM: Ectopic pregnancy is conventionally managed by laparoscopic salpingectomy. Electrocautery has been used widely to secure hemostasis during salpingectomy. However, this method is associated with a risk of thermal injury to the visceral organs. Endoloop, a pre-tied suture used in laparoscopic surgery may be an alternative treatment tool and its potential use in the management of ectopic pregnancy is explored here. Our study aims to compare the effectiveness of the endoloop technique to electrocautery during laparoscopic salpingectomy for tubal pregnancy. METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted over 24 months at the Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. One hundred and two patients with tubal pregnancy were randomized into two treatment groups: those treated with endoloop and those treated with electrocautery during laparoscopic salpingectomy. RESULTS: The use of an endoloop was associated with a shorter operating time (48.85 min +/- 21.019 vs 61.14 min +/- 22.603, 95% CI -20.864 to -3.724), lower visual analog scores for postoperative pain at day 1 (2.02 +/- 0.960 vs 2.74 +/- 0.828, 95% CI -1.074 to -0.368) and day 7 (0.85 +/- 0.802 vs 1.44 +/- 0.837, 95% CI -0.916 to -0.272), and lesser total analgesia required by patients at day 7 after the operation (7.65 +/- 6.119 vs 15.32 +/- 8.326, 95% CI -10.529 to -4.804). There was no significant difference in the ability to secure hemostasis when both techniques were compared. Duration of hospitalization (2.37 days +/- 0.817 vs 2.34 days +/- 0.519, 95% CI -0.245 to -0.296) and interval from operation to discharge were similar. CONCLUSION: The endoloop appeared to be as effective as electrocautery and is a safe alternative to electrocautery for laparoscopic salpingectomy in tubal pregnancy.     

A SAFE,NEW APPROACH TO ESTABLISHING A PNEUMOPERITONEUM AT LAPAROSCOPY

The traditional method of establishing a pneumoperitoneum before laparoscopic surgery is via a Verres needle inserted in the midline below the umbilicus while tenting the abdominal wall with the hand. A new approach is described in which preliminary surgical exposure and tenting of the linea alba immediately above the umbilicus is achieved before needle insertion through the superior margin of the umbilical ring. The advantages of this new technique over the conventional method are discussed. Further technical features important in the safe formation of the pneumoperitoneum are emphasized.     

Intraperitoneal bupivacaine for analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background The effects of intraperitoneal administration of bupivacaine on pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy were studied in a prospective, double-blind, randomised trial. Methods: Eighty ASA 1 and 2 patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Immediately after pneumoperi-toneum was obtained patients in group 1 were given 15 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine injected under direct vision into the hepato-diaphragmatic space, near and above the hepato-duodenal ligament and above the gallbladder. At the end of operation another 15 ml of bupivacaine was injected. Patients in group 2 were given 15 ml of 0.9% saline solution in a similar fashion. Postoperative pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS 100 mm) at 0.5,4, 8,12 and 24 h after surgery. Analgesic consumption was also recorded.     

阿托品对胆囊切除术心率变异性的影响

目的 观察腹腔镜胆囊切除时心率变异性(HRV)变化及阿托品预防心动过缓时对HRV的影响。方法 21例胆囊切除术病人按术前心电图诊断分为心动过缓组和非心动过缓组,心动过缓病人麻醉诱导前加用阿托品0.5mg,术中监测HRV和心率。结果 两组病人胆囊切除中低频率/高频率(LF/HF)均显著低于术前基础值(P<0.05)。心动过缓组诱导后HF无明显变化,胆囊切除中显著降低(P<0.01);非心动过缓组则显著升高(P<0.01)。结论 胆囊切除术中,心动过缓者预防性使用阿托品可阻止迷走神经兴奋性增加,但并不能恢复植物神经系统的平衡。     

超声刀在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用研究

目的　探讨超声刀在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用价值。方法　将 86例腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者随机分为超声刀组 ( 3 4例 )与电刀组( 5 2例 ) ,分别使用超声刀与单极电刀完成手术 ,比较术中及术后的效果。结果　 86例手术顺利完成 ,无中转开腹。手术时间分别为 ( 4 5±7)min和 ( 62± 9)min(P <0 0 1) ,术中出血量分别为 ( 5± 0 .8)ml和 ( 2 0± 5 )ml(P <0 .0 1) ,术后肠道功能恢复时间分别为 ( 2 0± 4)h和 ( 2 4±6)h(P <0 0 1) ,两组均无胆瘘发生。结论　超声刀在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中较电刀更快捷 ,出血更少 ,术后恢复更快     

Laparoscopic and conventional closure of perforated peptic ulcer

Background: After the first successful laparoscopic closure of a perforated peptic ulcer in 1990, 18 patients with laparoscopic closure were compared to 16 patients with conventional surgery. Methods: The endpoint adverse events (complications), pain intensity, operation time, fever, leucocytosis, and duration of hospital stay showed no clinically relevant differences. Results: Consumption of analgesics was lower in the laparoscopic group. Conclusions: Laparoscopic closure of perforated peptic ulcer is technically feasible. The safety of the method and the benefit for the patient need proof by means of a randomized controlled trial.     

Is laparoscopically assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy for cervical carcinoma safe? A case control study with follow up

Objective  To compare a new surgical approach, laparoscopically assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy (LARVH) with open radical hysterectomy in women with cervical cancer. Can selected women benefit from the minimally invasive approach without compromising safety (recurrence rate) and morbidity (complications)?
Design  Retrospective case control study.
Setting  A tertiary referral unit for gynaecological malignancies.
Population  Thirty women undergoing LARVH were included and compared with 30 women undergoing open radical surgery. The control group was matched for age, body mass index and disease stage.
Methods  Retrospective collection of data from patient files and follow up.
Main outcome measures  Recurrence rate, complication rate, hospital stay, nodal counts, blood loss, operating time.
Results  Recurrence rates were equal (6.7%). There was one death, in the LARVH group. Follow up was mean 31 months in the LARVH group and 30.9 months in the open group. Blood loss as measured by mean drop in haemoglobin was greater in the open group (2.03 versus 3.01 g/dl, P = 0.02). Transfusions were given in 40% of women in the open group and 16.7% in the LARVH group. Hospital stay was significantly less in the LARVH group (5.9 versus 7.8 nights, P = 0.003). Mean operating time was longer in the LARVH group (131 versus 187 minutes P = 0.0001). Mean nodal counts did not differ significantly (17.4 in open vs 14.8 in LARVH, P > 0.05). There were seven perioperative complications in the open group and four in the LARVH group. There have been two recurrences in each group (6.67%) at mean follow up of 31 (LARVH) and 30.9 (open) months.
Conclusions  The first 30 LARVH procedures performed in this unit are comparable in terms of safety (recurrence rate and complication rate) and economic factors (shorter hospital stay mitigating longer operating time). Further development of this technique is warranted.     

电视腹腔镜子宫切除术与阴式、腹式子宫切除术的临床评价

本文对腹腔境辅助阴式子宫切除术、阴式子宫切除术、腹式子宫切除术三组术式进行信床评价。每组10制，对其手术指征、腹腔镜组、腹式组以子宫肌瘤、卵巢肿瘤为主各为90％、100％，而阴式组则以子宫脱垂为主占100％(P值＜O．001)。腹腔镜组还能同时行胆囊切除术占30％。所切除子宫大小阴式组小于正常子宫占90％。而腹腔境组、腹式组均超过正常子宫大小(P＜0．001)。术后肠功能恢复在24h之内．腹腔镜组占100％、阴式组占80％、腹式组占20％(P＜0．001)。腹腔境组术后无需用镇痛剂。术后住院日腹腔镜组平均5天乏与腹式组平均7．3天比较。P＜0．001。得出腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术兼阴式、腹式子宫切除术的优点。虽然出现2例非损伤性并发症．但只要仔细操作，该项手术在妇科手术领域有很大空间。