Suppression of hippocampal synaptic plasticity during slow-wave sleep

The influence of behavioral state on the induction of long-term enhancement (LTE) of hippocampal synapses was studied in chronically prepared animals. Perforant path evoked field potentials and EEG were recorded from fascia dentata during slow-wave sleep (SWS) and waking. LTE was strongly suppressed during SWS, suggesting that hippocampal information storage may be inactivated at certain phases of the sleep cycle. Normal LTE was observed in the same animals while awake.     

心肌缺血后控制性再灌注时间对再灌注损害的影响

家兔８０只，分成４组，每组１０只供心兔，１０只供血兔，采用在体循环灌注离体心脏模型，对心肌缺血后不同控制性再灌注（控灌）时间对再灌注损害的影响进行了研究。结果显示：５、１５和３０ｍｉｎ的控灌对心肌肌酸磷酸激酶的同工酶（ＣＰＫ－ＭＢ）、含水量（ＭＷＣ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量以及超微结构的影响明显优于未经控灌的实验组（Ｐ＜０．０５），５ｍｉｎ和３０ｍｉｎ控灌组差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），１５ｍｉｎ控灌组其各项指标又明显优于５ｍｉｎ和３０ｍｉｎ控灌组。结果提示：控灌有预防缺血再灌注损伤的作用，且以１５ｍｉｎ控灌疗效最佳。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停为高胰岛素血症及糖代谢异常的独立危险因子

目的：探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（ＯＳＡ）与肥胖、高血压、高血脂及糖代谢异常之间的关系。方法：１６３例患者均行整夜多导睡眠仪及口服糖耐量（ＯＧＴＴ）检查；以ＯＧＴＴ时胰岛素反应曲线下面积（ＡＵＣｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ）作为胰岛素抵抗的指标，应用多元逐步回归分析ＯＳＡ患者呼吸暂停指数（ＡＩ）与胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症及糖代谢异常之间的关系。结果：①直线相关分析表明，ＡＵＣｇｌｕｃｏｓｅ（血糖反应曲线下面积）及ＡＵＣｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ均与ＡＩ呈显著相关；②分别以ＡＵＣｇｌｕｃｏｓｅ及ＡＵＣｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ为依存因子建立的多元回归方程中均包括ＡＩ；尤其在后一方程中，ＡＩ对ＡＵＣｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ的贡献率仅次于身高体重指数。结论：ＯＳＡ为高胰岛素血症及糖代谢异常的重要危险因子，且其作用独立于肥胖、糖尿病家族史及年龄等混淆因素     

不同强度运动对女子游泳运动员性激素水平的影响及特点

本研究以放兔分析法观察不同强度运动前后19名女子游泳运动员血清促卵泡激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E_2)、孕酮(P)、睾酮(T)及胰岛素(Ins)的变化。受试者在卵泡及黄体两期分别进行短时间高强度间歇运动——6×50m全速力竭性游泳和长时间持续运动——1000m全速力竭性游泳。在运动前5分钟及运动后即刻分别采集静脉血测定各种激素含量。主要结果如下:受试者从事6×50m最大速度间歇游泳后,卵泡期各种激素浓度的变化均显著高于运动前安静状态,黄体期变化不一,FSH、LH降低,E_2、P、T及Ins升高。从事1000m全速游泳后,激素变化表现为卵泡期FSH、LH、E_2、P均升高,T及Ins降低;黄体期E_2、P、T升高,Ins降低,FSH、LH无显著变化,两期相比黄体期运动成绩优于卵泡期。上述结果提示:①受试者月经周期的黄体期机体有氧能力强于卵泡期,运动能力的增强与黄体期E_2、P、T水平升高有关。②FSH、LH与E_2、P分泌变化并非同步一致,说明运动中E_2升高并非受制于促性腺激素,而主要是卵巢分泌量升高所致。③运动中E_2、P、T具有协同效应,可抵抗疲劳,提高人体运动能力。     

Is monoamine oxidase inhibitor induced myoclonus serotoninergically mediated?

Summary In the present study a single case observation of myoclonus during sleep-wave transition was monitored in a depressed patient treated with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, phenelzine. The myoclonus had a rhythm of 1 c/second and lasted for two years, the duration of phenelzine treatment. Myoclonus appeared neither during wakefulness nor during sleep, but at wake-sleep-wake transitions. This switch myoclonus was associated with phasic muscle hyperactivity during REM sleep.Methysergide a 5-HT suppressor, decreased the switch myoclonus frequency and the REM muscle hyperactivity, indicating serotoninergic involvement in the mechanism of phenelzine induced myoclonus.     

Work at sea: a study of sleep,and of circadian rhythms in physiological and psychological functions,in watchkeepers on merchant vessels

Summary Sleep length and sleep quality scores were collected on board ships over periods of up to two weeks from 38 watchkeepers working a 4-on/8-off routine and 29 dayworkers. All watchkeepers exhibited fragmented sleeping patterns, which indicated a lack of adaptation of the sleep/wakefulness cycle to the hours of work. There were only slight differences in total sleep length between watchkeepers and dayworkers, however, both groups did not obtain an adequate amount of sleep. Within the watchkeeping crews the 3rd Officers had by far the shortest sleep length. Concerning sleep quality, daytime sleep was generally given the lowest ratings, whereas sleep starting before midnight was on average evaluated as the best, both by watchkeepers and dayworkers. Watchkeeping personnel do not normally have any days off during a voyage so that missed sleep might even amount to a sleep deficit. A solution for this problem could perhaps be a new, stabilized system that allows a single uninterrupted sleep, which is required for full recuperation, to be taken each day.Dedicated to Professor J. Aschoff on the occasion of his 75th birthdayPartly supported by a grant from the Ministry for Technology and Research, Federal Republic of Germany, Project Schiff der Zukunft, Part ET83b     

全科医学与睡眠医学如何协同发展

全科医学和睡眠医学作为国内目前新兴的两个临床学科,两者在学科建设过程中存在着诸多交集,互补性强,在学科发展和人才培养上存在一定的交叉融合。中国专科医师培训认证制度在人才培养方面为全科医师从事睡眠医学工作开辟了道路,使其有良好的协同发展的基础及必要性。本文分析了目前中国全科医学与睡眠医学两者学科协同发展的基础及学科协同共建的必要性,介绍了南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院在全科医学与睡眠医学学科共建方面取得的经验,并邀请相关专家就目前存在的问题进行讨论。     

妊娠期阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停筛查的研究进展

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）是妊娠人群中常见的睡眠呼吸障碍性疾病,不仅与多种不良妊娠结局相关,也可能对母婴远期健康产生重要影响。目前诊断OSA的金标准多导睡眠监测在妊娠人群中难以大规模开展,导致绝大多数妊娠期OSA未能得到及时诊断。寻求其他筛查策略和筛查工具准确识别具有OSA风险的孕妇并进行及时诊治,对于改善不良妊娠结局具有重要意义。本文针对妊娠期OSA患病率、筛查现状、筛查时机、目标人群、筛查工具的研究进展进行综述,以期为妊娠期OSA的筛查提供参考和理论依据。     

306名大学生错失恐惧与社交媒体倦怠的关系:睡眠质量和负性情绪的链式中介作用

目的 探讨大学生睡眠质量、负性情绪在错失恐惧与社交媒体倦怠间的中介作用。 方法 采用错失恐惧量表、社交媒体倦怠量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表简体中文版对306名大学生进行调查。 结果 错失恐惧、社交媒体倦怠、睡眠质量和负性情绪之间呈两两正相关;错失恐惧能正向预测社交媒体倦怠;睡眠质量和负性情绪在错失恐惧和社交媒体倦怠之间起单独中介作用,且睡眠质量和负性情绪在错失恐惧与社交媒体倦怠之间起链式中介作用,负性情绪各维度效应皆成立。 结论 睡眠质量和负性情绪能够为错失恐惧对社交媒体倦怠的影响提供一个解释机制,大学生的错失恐惧既可以直接影响其社交媒体倦怠水平,也可以通过睡眠质量、负性情绪的独立中介效应以及睡眠质量-负性情绪的链式中介效应间接影响。     

The reproducibility of estimates of critical power and anaerobic work capacity in upper-body exercise

The purposes of this study were to apply the linear power versus inverse of time relationship to high-intensity upper-body exercise and to assess the repeatability of the parameters critical power (CP) and anaerobic working capacity (AWC), using limits of agreement (Bland and Altman 1986). Sixteen active male subjects (aged 20–34 years), performed two sets of five constant-power exercises on an adapted cycle ergometer. There were no significant differences between mean estimates of CP [96 (16) W and 95 (17) W] and AWC [7457 (2011) J and 7608 (1684) J] from the first and second sets of bouts. Despite the lack of systematic bias, there was evidence of large random error. Ratio limits of agreement for time to exhaustion during constant-power exercises suggested that a repeat measurement might be expected in 95% of cases to be between 0.64 and 1.59 times the original measurement. The 95% limits of agreement for CP were –15 W to +17 W. The ratio limits of agreement for AWC suggest that in 95% of cases a repeat measurement might be between 0.57 and 1.67 times the original estimate. The results of this study suggest a poor repeatability of constant-power upper-body exercises to exhaustion, which may contribute to a poor repeatability of CP and AWC determined from the linear power versus inverse of time model. Electronic Publication