冠心病伴中度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全外科治疗的系统评价和Meta分析

目的评价冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）同期行二尖瓣置换术（MVR）与单纯行CABG对中度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的疗效。方法检索1990年1月2013年8月发表在PubMed,CochraneLibrary,中国期刊全文数据库,万方数据库,维普期刊网等的相关文献,收集国内外关于CABG＋MVR与单纯行CABG对中度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全外科治疗的对照研究。随机对照研究的质量评价采用Jadad量表,病例对照研究质量评价采用Newcastle．OttawaScale（NOS）标准进行。应用RevMan5．0进行Meta分析。结果共纳入6个研究,包括2个随机对照研究,4个病例对照研究。2个随机对照研究的Jadad评分均为5分,4个病例对照研究的NOS评分均为8分。Meta分析结果显示,两组术后早期死亡率差异无统计学意义[随机对照研究RR=1．69,95％CI（0．28,10．10）,P=-0．57;病例对照研究OR=0．48,95％CI（0．21,1．13）,P=-0．09]。两组1年生存率差异无统计学意义[随机对照研究：RR=1．00,95％CI（0．93,1．08）,P=-0．92;病例对照研究：OR=1．72,95％CI（0．60,4．95）,P=-0．32]。两组5年生存率差异无统计学意义[OR=I．12,95％CI（0．68,1．83）,P=-0．66]。CABG＋MVR组LVEF更高,且差异有统计学意义[MD=1．38,95％CI（0．17,2．59）,P=0．03]。两组术后心功能分级（NYHA）差异有统计学意义[MD一0．85,95％CI（-1．14,-0．56）,P〈0．01]。结论与单纯行CABG相比,CABG＋MVR不能明显提高生存率,但有助于术后心功能恢复及生活质量改善。     

呼气末正压对先天性心脏病肺动脉高压患者术后肺功能的作用

目的探讨呼气末正压(PEEP)对先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压患者术后肺呼吸功能的作用。方法把46例室间隔缺损合并中、重度肺动脉高压患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,两组患者均行心脏直视手术,治疗组术后行PEEP。分别比较两组手术时间、体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间以及术后1、6、12、24、48h的平均肺动脉压、肺血管阻力、肺泡-动脉氧张力差、呼吸指数。结果两组患者手术时间、体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、平均肺动脉压间差别无显著性意义(P>0·05);治疗组肺血管阻力、肺泡-动脉氧张力差及呼吸指数明显低于对照组(P<0·05)。结论肺动脉高压患者心脏直视术后采用PEEP通气模式,能够改善术后肺的呼吸功能。     

食管超声引导下微创经胸室间隔缺损封堵术42例

2010年9月至2011年12月,我们对单纯室间隔缺损患者实施食管超声引导下微创经胸非体外循环室间隔缺损封堵术42例,现总结经验报道如下. 资料和方法 42例单纯室间隔缺损由经胸超声心动图筛选,年龄1 ～58岁;男18例,女24例;体质量9 ～ 70 kg.室间隔缺损直径3～14 mm,其中膜周型36例,嵴上型4例、嵴内型1例,心肌梗死并发间隔穿孔(肌部)1例.3种类型室间隔缺损患者均可先尝试封堵(图1).室间隔缺损直径3～10 mm,缺损上缘距离主动脉瓣膜大于2 mm,五腔心切面膜周型室间隔缺损位于9～12点位置,无中度以上肺动脉高压,心肌梗死室间隔穿孔患者未同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术,首选行封堵术.     

阿托伐他汀对不稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉介入术前后炎性因子的影响

目的 观察不同剂量阿托伐他汀对不稳定型心绞痛冠状动脉(简称"冠脉")介入患者炎性因子改变的影响,探讨不稳定型心绞痛介入患者合适的阿托伐他汀剂量.方法 入选128例择期冠脉介入术的不稳定型心绞痛患者,随机分成2组,A组63例,在常规治疗基础上加用阿托伐他汀20 mg/d,B组65例,在常规治疗基础上加用阿托伐他汀40 mg/d.观察围手术期血脂总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及炎性因子(高敏C反应蛋白)、可溶性血管细胞黏附因子、可溶性CD40配体的变化.结果 2组患者服用阿托伐他汀6 d后检测血脂各组较治疗前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).2组患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后12 h炎性因子较术前有明显升高(P<0.01);术后3 d炎性因子较术后12 h有明显降低(P<0.01),且B组较A组患者降低程度更大(P<0.05).结论 冠脉介入术可造成血管炎症反应,阿托伐他汀可降低此炎症反应,并不依赖调脂作用,40 mg/d较20 mg/d治疗效果更显著.     

体外循环在综合性医院的临床应用

目的 临床评价体外循环技术(CPB)在临床中的应用及未来前景展望.方法 1999年4月至2009年8月,除完成心脏及大血管手术7000余例还应用CPB为86例疑难重症患者提供抢救和治疗;其中肺移植1例,幼儿肾移植2例,肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓6例,子宫肌瘤侵入下腔静脉瘤栓取出1例,肝移植5例,介入治疗意外5例,布加氏综合征66例.结果 成功救治77例,死亡9例.结论 体外循环是心脏及大血管手术的辅助方法,也是临床救治疑难复杂病例、急诊抢救的一种特殊可行的手段.     

心外管道全腔静脉-肺动脉连接术治疗复杂先天性心脏病12例

目的 探讨心外管道全腔静脉-肺动脉连接术(TCPC)的手术适应证、手术方式的细节改进及尽量减少术后并发症的发生.方法 回顾性分析12例复杂先天性心脏病患者的临床资料,全部采用CORE-TEX管道行心外管道TCPC,手术在体外循环辅助下进行,心脏停跳3例,不停跳常温并行循环9例.结果 全组无死亡病例,2例出现顽固性胸腔积液,1例上腔吻合口狭窄伴颈内静脉血栓形成,全组患者血氧饱和度由67%～87%增加至93%～97%,术后随访6个月～2年,无死亡病例,生活质量均明显改善.结论 全心外管道TCPC手术难度低,操作简便,减少了手术风险,手术效果满意. Abstract： Objective To evaluate the operative indication, improvement in operative method,and reducing the post-operation syndrome mostly. Methods Twelve patients with complex congenital heart disease were reviewed.All patients were operated in extracardiac conduit total cavopulmonaru connection with CORE-TEX tube under cardiopulmonary bypass, 3 cases with heart arrested and 9 cases without heart arrested. Results There were no death,2 cases had refractory pleural effusion,1 case had stenosis of the connection of superior vena and pulmonaru artery with thrombus formation of internal jugular vein,the oxygen saturation increased from 67%-87% to 93%-97%,all patients were followed up for 6 months to 2 years with no late death of them,the quality of life was improved in evidence. Conclusions Extracardiac conduit total cavopulmonaru connection is simple and effective,can minimize the operative risk factors and has good early results.     

Combined use of transmyocardial laser revascularization and endothelial progenitor cells enhances neovascularization and regional contractility in a canine model of ischemic hearts

The purpose of this study was to determine the combined effect of transmyocardial laser re- vascularization （TMLR） and the implantation of endothelial progenitor cells （EPCs） on cardiac function of ischemic hearts in canines. The left anterior descending artery （LAD） was occluded to establish the canine model of acute myocardial infarct （AMI）. Four weeks later, the animals were randomly divided into four groups： TMLR group, in which transmyocardial laser-induced channels were established at the ischemic region; EPCs＋TMLR group, in which EPCs were locally transplanted into laser-induced chan- nels at the ischemic region; EPCs group, in which the EPCs were injected into the ischemic region; con- trol group, in which the AMI animals received neither TMLR nor EPCs. The peripheral blood （50 mL） was sampled in all groups. Mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood were separated and cultured to obtain spindle-shaped attaching （AT） cells in vitro. AT cells were labeled with 1, 1 ＇-dioctadecyl-1 to 3,3, 3＇,3＇-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate （DiI） before injecting into the laser-induced channels or ischemic region. Four weeks after the first operation, TMLR was performed in the TMLR group and EPCs＋TMLR group, and at the same time, the EPCs originating from the AT cells were mixed with cal- cium alginate （CA）. Then the EPCs-CA composites were implanted into myocardial channels induced by laser in the EPCs＋TMLR group, and into the myocardial infarct area in the EPCs group. All dogs underwent echocardiography at second month after LAD occlusion. Finally the samples of myocardium around the LAD were subjected to histochemical and immunohistologic examinations. The results showed there was no significant difference in the diameter of left atrium and ventricle before treatment among all groups （P〉0.05）. Eight weeks after modeling, the regional contractility in the LAD territory in the EPCs＋TMLR group was increased as compared with control group and TMLR group, but there was no significant difference between control group and TMLR group. Neoangiogenesis was observed in the EPCs＋TMLR group, and the fibrosis was seen in the TMLR group. There was no significant dif- ference in neoangiogenesis around the channels induced by laser among EPCs＋TMLR, EPCs and TMLR groups. It was concluded that TMLR combined with EPCs could improve the regional and global cardiac function in AMI, and augment neovascularizaiton in channels of ischemic myocardium induced by laser.     

先天性冠状动脉瘘的诊断与治疗(附34例报告)

目的:总结分析34例先天性冠状动脉瘘(CAF)的临床诊断治疗与外科手术方法。方法:回顾性分析应用超声心动图、64层螺旋CT、选择性冠状动脉造影等检查确诊的34例CAF患者的临床资料,其中24例为单纯性CAF,10例合并其他心脏外科疾病。结果:34例中5例直接行动脉瘘切线缝合术,其余29例均在体外循环直视下行瘘口修补并同时矫治合并心脏疾病。心腔内发现2瘘口1例,4瘘口1例,其他均为单一瘘口。所有患者术毕效果明显,无一例死亡,超声心动图复查均无残余瘘存在。22例随访0.5~3年无死亡及并发症发生。结论:64层螺旋CT检查可准确显示各种CAF的起源、行程、引流部位及并发异常,显示冠状动脉近段管腔的形态及一些较大冠状动脉瘘,是一种较为理想的无创性诊断CAF的影像方法。CAF明确诊断后,及时行外科手术治疗安全可靠,少数患者可行介入治疗。     

室间隔折叠治疗左室前壁并前间隔巨大室壁瘤

目的:评价室间隔折叠加Dor或Cooley术式治疗心肌梗死后左室前壁并前间隔巨大室壁瘤的效果。方法:23例心肌梗死后左室前壁并前间隔巨大室壁瘤采用室间隔折叠、前壁室壁瘤行Dor或标准线性缝合术,同期行冠状动脉搭桥术,对比患者术前、出院前、术后3个月的心功能NYHA分级、舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)、收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI),左室射血分数(LVEF)值。结果:与术前相比,出院前、术后3个月NYHA分级从3.21±0.62分别提高到1.72±0.31和1.57±0.23(P<0.05),LVEDVI从(102.31±18.71)mL/m2分别减少到(62.11±6.21)mL/m2和(54.63±4.54)mL/m2(P<0.05),LVESVI从(69.32±17.48)mL/m2分别减少到(30.23±3.25)mL/m2和(28.34±3.12)mL/m2,LVEF从(32.92±8.12)%分别提高到(48.78±4.51)%和(50.52±4.68)%(P<0.05)。结论:冠心病左室前壁并前间隔巨大室壁瘤室间隔采用折叠术、前壁室壁瘤行Dor或标准线性缝合术能明显改善左心室功能。