鱼油脂肪乳对脓毒症并发严重急性胃肠损伤病人的免疫调理作用

目的:观察鱼油脂肪乳(FO)对严重脓毒症并发急性胃肠损伤Ⅲ级(AGIⅢ级)病人的疗效和免疫调理效果。方法:根据标准纳入AGIⅢ级病人78例,采用随机号码表将病人分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组病人在胃肠外营养(TPN)液中加入FO 10 g/d,24 h持续静脉注射。在TPN中加入中长链脂肪乳50 g与FO为5∶1。对照组不加FO。结果:治疗组病人60 d死亡11例(26.8%),对照组18例(48.6%)。57例病人(73%)为腹腔感染,其中治疗组病人28 d和60 d病死率均低于对照组。CD3总T淋巴细胞百分比低于对照组;辅助/诱导T淋巴细胞百分比低于对照组,而治疗第7天两组CD3总T淋巴细胞百分比、辅助诱导T淋巴细胞百分比均无统计学差异。39例病人存在感染性休克,其中治疗组28 d和60 d病死率均低于对照组;CD3总T淋巴细胞百分比、Ig G、Ig A水平均低于对照组,治疗第7天各项指标差异仍不显著。结论:FO可改善严重脓毒症并发急性胃肠损伤病人的免疫功能,从而降低病死率。     

Platelet Indices and Their Kinetics Predict Mortality in Patients of Sepsis

Platelet indices are inexpensive, easily accessible parameters and potentially useful prognostic indicators in sepsis. In this study we explore the differences in platelet indices and their kinetics between sepsis survivors and non-survivors. A retrospective cohort-study of 97 cases of culture-positive sepsis at a tertiary-care center in North India. Demographics, clinical and laboratory parameters at admission were assessed. Platelet count (PLT), mean-platelet-volume (MPV), platelet-distribution-width (PDW) and plateletcrit (PCT) on admission, and third, fifth and last days of hospitalization were analyzed. Fractional change in platelet indices (ΔMPV_72h, ΔPDW_72h, ΔPCT_72h, and ΔPLT_72h) by day-3 were calculated. Unpaired and paired t-tests were used to compare survivors with non-survivors, and to study the change in platelet indices with time. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. ROC-curves and optimum cut-offs to predict mortality were obtained. There were 64 survivors. Non-survivors had significantly higher ΔMPV_72h, ΔPDW_72h, day-1 MPV and PDW, and lower ΔPLT_72h. MPV and PDW increased, and PLT decreased with time among non-survivors. Trends were reversed in survivors. Only MPV and PDW showed significant change by day-3. Both were independent predictors of mortality on multivariate analysis, alongside ΔMPV_72h and ΔPLT_72h. On ROC analysis, MPV, PDW, ΔMPV_72h, ΔPDW_72h and ΔPLT_72h effectively predicted mortality. Cut-off for MPV was 10.25 fL (sensitivity = 93.9%, specificity = 60.9%), and PDW, 12.6% (sensitivity = 84.8%, specificity = 51.6%). A rise in MPV and a fall in PLT was associated with mortality in this study. MPV and PDW values at admission are effective predictors of mortality and may be used in conjunction with traditional parameters.     

辛伐他汀对脓毒症并发ARDS患者CD4+CD2+5调节性T细胞的影响

目的：研究辛伐他汀对脓毒症并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者外周血CD4+CD2+5调节性T细胞(Treg)的影响。方法65例脓毒症患者随机分为辛伐他汀治疗组(n=32)和对照组(n=33)。采集患者入选研究后的外周血行白细胞计数(WBC), C反应蛋白(CRP),降钙素原(PCT)检测来反映患者的感染程度,同时记录急性生理和慢性健康(APACHEⅡ)评分,流式细胞术(FCM)检测各组入选时、1、3、5、7、14 d的外周血CD4+CD2+5Treg的水平。结果两组间的一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。辛伐他汀治疗组的CD4+CD2+5Treg在T淋巴细胞中的百分比逐渐下降,第14天两组间比较差异具有统计学意义[(7.32±1.86)%VS (10.01±5.63)%, t=2.568, P=0.013)]。结论辛伐他汀能改善脓毒症并发ARDS患者Treg过多的现象,起到调节免疫紊乱的功能。     

脓毒症休克患者抗感染治疗策略及用药分析

脓毒症休克的抗感染治疗策略包括控制感染源、早期有效的抗菌药物治疗、降阶梯治疗、目标性治疗及根据抗菌药物药代动力学、药效学特点优化抗菌药物给药方案。临床药师在重症患者治疗过程中应发挥专业特长。本文结合1例脓毒症休克合并急性肾功能不全患者的美罗培南给药方案的调整为例,佐证药师建议采用缩短给药间隔以及两步滴定法给药,使治疗取得良好效果,患者病情明显好转出院。     

红景天苷对脂多糖诱导的小鼠心肌损伤保护作用的研究

目的:研究红景天苷对脂多糖诱导的小鼠心肌损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法:选取雄性Balb/c小鼠50只,随机分为对照组、模型组、地塞米松组、红景天苷低、高剂量组。地塞米松和红景天苷高、低剂量连续灌胃7 d,每天1次,最后一次灌胃后1 h,除对照组外,其余各组腹腔注射LPS,12 h后处死,取血和心脏。结果:红景天苷组小鼠心肌病理改变明显减轻于模型组;相比于模型组,红景天苷组能减少血清中TNF-α、IL-6的含量;减少心肌组织中TLR4、My D88和NF-κBp65蛋白的表达。结论:红景天苷减轻脂多糖诱导的小鼠心肌损伤,其机制可能通过调节TLR4/My D88/NF-κBp65信号通路,抑制炎症反应。     

不同液体负荷状态对持续肾替代治疗脓毒症相关急性肾损伤患儿预后的影响北大核心CSCD

目的评估不同液体负荷(fluid load,FL)对使用持续肾替代治疗(continuous renal replacement therapy,CRRT)的脓毒症相关急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)患儿预后的影响。方法回顾性选取2018年8月至2021年3月因脓毒症相关AKI行CRRT的患儿121例为研究对象,根据患儿从入院或病情变化开始至行CRRT前的不同FL分为低液体负荷组(n=35,FL<5%)、高液体负荷组(n=35,5%≤FL<10%)和液体超负荷组(n=51,FL≥10%)。收集各组患儿CRRT治疗前的基线资料和临床生化资料进行比较分析。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析各组间的28 d生存情况。采用多因素logistic回归分析影响不同FL状态患儿预后的危险因素。结果生存分析结果提示液体超负荷组患儿28 d病死率高于低液体负荷组和高液体负荷组(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析结果提示正超液体量增加为导致液体超负荷组患儿28 d病死率增高的危险因素,而CRRT开始时间提前为其保护因素(P<0.05)。结论CRRT开始前液体超负荷会增加脓毒症相关AKI患儿的病死率,对该类患儿应尽早行CRRT治疗。     

Surgical therapy of perianal Crohn''s disease

The surgical management of perianal Crohn's disease is complex with a wide range of operations being described. The initial emergency treatment is to drain any source of underlying sepsis. A loose seton drainage or a defunctioning stoma can then be used as a 'bridge' to definitive treatment allowing both adequate assessment of the condition and preventing further sepsis. The likelihood of success of any surgical repair must be weighed against the risk of faecal incontinence. Improved results of a local surgical repair are seen with optimal surgical and medical management of perianal Crohn's disease.