La densidad de los ganglios linfáticos en la linfadenectomía retroperitoneal como marcador novel para predecir la recurrencia en pacientes con cáncer testicular de células germinales: estudio de casos y controles y experiencia clínica a largo plazo de un hospital de referencia terciario

Introduction and objectivesIn this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate lymph node (LN) density in retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) to analyze whether residual mass after chemotherapy might behave as predicting factor for recurrence in patients with germ cell testicular cancer (GCTC).Materials and methodsThe data of 185 patients that were operated between 12/2004 and 02/2017 because of GCTC were reviewed retrospectively. LN density was calculated. The patients were compared statistically in terms of demographic features, tumor characteristics, serum tumor marker levels, treatment strategies, and pathological results according to GCTC subtypes. Correlation analysis was performed to determine the parameters related to recurrent disease.ResultsThe median follow-up was 79 (31-179) months and the median age of the patients was 23 (16-71). The median tumor size was 4 (1-18) cm. Five (2.7%) patients had metastatic disease at initial diagnosis. Seminoma, non-seminomatous-GCT and mix type-GCTC was detected in 62 (33.5%), 60 (32.4%) and 63 (34.1%) patients, respectively. Following inguinal orchiectomy, 48 (25.9%) patients underwent follow-up, 126 (68.1%) patients underwent chemotherapy and 11 (5.9%) patients underwent radiotherapy. A total of 21 (11.4%) patients underwent post-chemotherapy RPLND. Early and late recurrence was seen in 3 (1.6%) and 2 (1.1%) of the patients, respectively. A mild to moderate, negative, but significant correlation was found between the recurrence and the number of LNs containing metastatic deposits and LN density (r= –0.490, P=.024 and r= –0.450, P=.041, respectively).ConclusionsThere was a negative correlation between the number of LNs containing metastatic deposits and LN density and recurrent disease.     

The importance of the margin of resection and external radiation in non-lipomatous retroperitoneal sarcoma

BackgroundPrior studies evaluating the impact of adjuvant or neoadjuvant radiation on clinical outcomes of patients with non-lipomatous retroperitoneal sarcoma have been underpowered.MethodsWe queried the National Cancer Database to identify patients undergoing surgical resection of retroperitoneal sarcoma with non-lipomatous histology from 2004 to 2016. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards modelling with patients stratified by tumor size were used to identify factors associated with overall survival.Results3,394 patients met inclusion criteria. 592 had small (<5 cm), 1,186 had intermediate (5–10 cm), and 1,616 had large (>10 cm) tumors. Use of either neoadjuvant or adjuvant radiotherapy was associated with improved survival for patients with intermediate (neoadjuvant HR 0.67, CI [0.46, 0.98]; adjuvant HR 0.61, CI [0.50, 0.76]) and large (neoadjuvant HR 0.50, CI [0.37, 0.68]; adjuvant HR 0.56, CI [0.47, 0.69]) tumors, while adjuvant radiation therapy was associated with a survival benefit for small-sized tumors (HR 0.67, CI [0.46, 0.99]).ConclusionsRadiation therapy is associated with an overall survival benefit in patients presenting undergoing resection of non-lipomatous retroperitoneal sarcoma.     

腹膜后肾上腺外节细胞神经瘤的影像学表现

目的 分析腹膜后节细胞神经瘤的CT和MRI表现,提高其诊断准确率。 方法 回顾性分析50例经手术病理证实的腹膜后肾上腺外节细胞神经瘤的CT、MR资料,并与病理结果对照。50例病例中31例行CT平扫＋增强扫描,35例行MR平扫＋增强扫描,16例同时行 CT和MR扫描。 结果 50例均为单发,47例（94%）边界清楚,肿块最大径平均约9.1±3.8cm,32例（64%）呈伪足样生长方式,18例（36%）呈膨胀性生长方式,21例（42%）例包绕腹部大血管。8例（16%）可见少许囊变,13例（26%）可见钙化,6例（12%）含有脂肪。31例CT平扫均呈等或低密度。T2WI上大多数病例30例（86%）呈不均匀高或稍高信号。强化方式：50例病例中,39例（78%）无明显或轻度强化,11例（22%）呈中度或明显强化,强化病例均呈渐进性延迟强化。强化形态：10例（20%）呈片絮状、线条交织样强化,15例（30%）呈片絮状强化,12例（24%）呈线条交织样强化,3例（6%）呈漩涡状强化。 结论 腹膜后节细胞神经瘤具有一定特征性影像表现,术前CT及MR对于节细胞神经瘤的诊断和评估邻近大血管的关系具有重要价值。     

原发性腹膜后恶性肿瘤57例临床分析

目的 探讨原发性腹膜后恶性肿瘤的临床特点、诊断及治疗措施。方法 分析５７例原发性胜利膜后恶性肿瘤的病程、病理类型及手术治疗方式。结果 ５７例中完整手术切除３１例,占５４．４％,部分切除９例,占１５．８％．单纯活检１７例,占２９．８％。结论原发性腹膜后恶性肿瘤发病隐蔽,症状不典型,治疗以抹切除为主,强调完整切除提高生存率。     

38例腹膜后脂肪肉瘤的临床分析

目的 分析腹膜后脂肪肉瘤的治疗结果。方法 1958～1998年我院收治38例腹膜后脂肪肉瘤。21例为首程治疗,17例局部复发后再程治疗。21例初治患者均接受手术治疗,手术完整切除率为86％。3例接受术后放射治疗。17例外院术后复发再程治疗患者有13例在我院接受手术,4例接受单纯放疗。再程手术完整切除率为54％,1例接受术后放放射治疗。放疗剂量DT30Gy～70Gy,中位剂量50Gy。结果 全组患者5年总生存率为50％,5年远转率为7.3％,5年局部复发率为65％,初程治疗和再程治疗组的5年总生存率为53％和48％,无显著性差异(P=0.293,5年局部复发率为59％和74％,无显著差别(P=0.615)。全组手术完整切除组5年生存率为58％,部分切除或未切除者5年生存率为27％,有显著性差异(P=0.006)。34例有肿瘤大小记录的患者,其中4例肿瘤<10cm,均存活;22例肿瘤10～30cm,有13例死亡;8例肿瘤≥30cm,有6例死亡。结论 腹膜后脂肪肉瘤的治疗以手术为主,手术完整切除可显著提高生存率。经积极治疗,复发患者仍能取得很好的效果。     

睾丸的胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤的治疗

目的 本文报道我院自1971～1988年收治的10例原发睾丸的胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤.全部病例均经术后病理证实,均为睾丸切除术后再行后腹膜淋巴结清扫.3例后腹膜淋巴结阴性.方法 全组中2例接受术后放疗,7例接受辅助化疗.结果 二年和五年生存率分别为50%和30%.结论 由于原发睾丸的胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤少见,本文结合文献报道探讨其疗效及影响预后的因素.本病的治疗为手术结合化疗和放疗,加强化疗可能提高疗效.本病成人预后较儿童差,后腹膜淋巴结转移也是影响预后的因素.在睾丸切除术后如CT等影像学诊断阴性,可不必行后腹膜淋巴结清扫术.     

开腹与后腹腔镜术式治疗肾上腺良性肿瘤的比较

目的 探讨开腹与后腹腔镜术式对肾上腺良性肿瘤患者围手术期临床指标、ICU转送率及并发症的影响。方法 选取120例肾上腺良性肿瘤患者为研究对象，以随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例；其中对照组患者采用开腹术式治疗，观察组患者则采用后腹腔镜术式治疗；比较两组患者的手术时间、术中失血量、肛门排气时间、术后引流量、术后拔管时间、住院时间、ICU转送率及并发症发生率。结果 观察组患者手术时间、肛门排气时间、术后拔管时间及住院时间均显著短于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组患者术中失血量和术后引流量均显著少于对照组（P＜0.05）；两组患者ICU转送率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；同时观察组患者术中和术后并发症发生率均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 后腹腔镜术式治疗肾上腺良性肿瘤可有效减轻医源性损伤程度，促进术后早期康复，且有助于避免术中及术后出现并发症，其临床应用价值优于开腹术式。     

Retroperitoneal Spinal Extradural Arachnoid Cyst Combined with Congenital Hemivertebrae

Spinal extradural arachnoid cysts usually cause symptoms related to spinal cord or nerve root compression. Here, we report an atypical presentation of a spinal extradural arachnoid cyst combined with congenital hemivertebra which was presented as a retroperitoneal mass that exerted mass effects to the abdominal organs. On image studies, the communication between the cystic pedicle and the spinal arachnoid space was indistinct. Based on our experience and the literature of the pathogenesis, we planned anterior approach for removal of the arachnoid cyst in order to focus on mass removal rather than ligation of the fistulous channel. In our estimation this was feasible considering radiologic findings and also essential for the symptom relief. The cyst was totally removed with the clogged ''thecal sac-side'' end of the cystic pedicle. The patient was free of abdominal discomfort by one month after the surgery.     

Recurrent retroperitoneal sarcomas: Clinical outcomes of surgical treatment and prognostic factors

Background and purposeLocoregional recurrence after resection of primary retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) is a challenging therapeutic issue. The objective of this study was to identify clinicopathological factors predictive of overall survival (OS) and disease specific survival (DSS) after reoperation for recurrent RPS.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively collected data from the medical records of 800 patients who underwent resection for sarcoma at our Institution, from 1983 to 2015. Among these patients, 120 were treated for retroperitoneal sarcoma and 55 had a locoregional recurrence (LR). Four of them did not undergo surgery and thus were excluded from this study leaving 51 cases available for data analysis. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors.ResultsMedian overall survival was 33 months. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year OS rates were 75.5%, 47.1% and 31.6% respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that extension of surgery (P = 0.026), surgical margin status (P = 0.015) and histological grade of recurrent tumor (P = 0.047) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Median DSS was 48 months. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year DSS rates were 79.2%, 53.1% and 40.9%, respectively. At multivariate analysis, predictors of DSS were extension of surgery (P = 0.004), margin status (P = 0.011), histological grade of recurrent tumor (P = 0.008), and disease free interval (DFI) (P = 0.020). As regards histological subtype of recurrent RPS, at univariate analysis, well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS) was associated with better OS and DSS (P = 0.052 and P = 0.016 respectively) compared to dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS).ConclusionsAccording to our findings, surgery is more beneficial in patients with low-grade sarcoma, WDLS and long DFI. The achievement of clear resection margins, rather than performing a multivisceral resection, appears to be a key factor to improve OS and DSS.