舌粘膜及粘膜下血管网的构筑及其临床意义

本研究应用手术显微镜和扫描电镜观察了人舌粘膜的微血管构筑。舌深动脉长支和舌背动脉终支在舌粘膜下形成一完整的致密动脉网,跨越界沟和舌正中线,成为一整体。由动脉网发出微动脉支进入舌粘膜内,形成粘膜内的毛细血管网和各种乳头毛细血管丛。另外,还讨论了舌粘膜下馓血管构筑和舌瓣设计与临床舌诊的关系。     

Heterosynaptic postactivation potentiation in hippocampal CA 3 neurons: Long-term changes of the postsynaptic potentials

Summary CA 3 neurons were excited synaptically by stimulation in the dentate hilus and the stratum radiatum of CA 1 in guinea pig hippocampal slices. Following repetitive stimulation (10–20 c/s, 10 s) of either stimulation site, the amplitudes of orthodromic population spikes or the probability of unitary discharges increased. Changes of the intracellularly recorded potentials were either (a) increased EPSP amplitudes associated with decreased IPSP amplitudes, or (b) increased IPSP amplitudes. A cell showing enhanced IPSPs after repetitive activation could respond with increased EPSP amplitudes and decreased IPSP amplitudes upon further repetitive activation. The potentiation, which was always preceded by a 5–10 min depression, lasted up to 3 h. This potentiation was heterosynaptic, since the responses to the non-stimulated input also changed and since the inputs were found to excite the pyramidal cells through separate synapses in double shock experiments. The heterosynaptic mode of the potentiation as well as the changes of the IPSPs indicate that not only the excitatory pathway but also the inhibitory pathway must be considered in explaining postactivation potentiation in this hippocampal field.     

Systemic malignant lymphoma presenting as bilateral exudative retinal detachment

Summary A 52-year-old male patient presented with a sudden painful loss of vision in both eyes. Ophthalmological examination revealed bilateral uveitis and marked bilateral nonrhegmatogenous retinal detachment near the optic disk. Systemic workup demonstrated IgM paraproteinemia. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomographic studies revealed enlarged adrenal glands and irregular masses in the right hepatic lobe. Immune electrophoresis and multiple biopsy specimens established the diagnosis of systemic polymorphous immunocytoma. Polychemotherapy of this B-cell-derived type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma led to a rapid remission and fast reduction of serous retinal detachment. We believe this is the first case of bilateral exudative retinal detachment as the initial ocular manifestation of systemic malignant B-cell lymphoma.Abbreviations Ig A Immunglobulin A - Ig M Immunglobulin M - qd every day - OD right eye - OS left eye - CT computerized tomography     

某地HIV/AIDS者确诊后一年内高危性行为的改变及影响因素研究

目的 了解艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病患者（HIV/AIDS）确诊后一年内高危性行为变化情况及其影响因素。方法 从国家艾滋病综合防治数据信息管理系统下载2010年1月1日—2019年12月31日的相关资料,描述性行为发生率的变化趋势,采用广义估计方程（GEE）模型分析HIV/AIDS确诊后一年内高危性行为的相关因素。 结果 2 528例HIV/AIDS中,确诊前性行为发生率60.48%而确诊后一年内在57.09%～60.11%之间,女性（趋势χ2 = 5.417,P = 0.020）和未婚者（趋势χ2 = 6.684,P = 0.010）确诊后一年内的性行为发生率呈下降趋势,男性（趋势χ2 = 4.301,P = 0.038）、已婚（趋势χ2 = 4.061,P = 0.044）和ART者（趋势χ2 = 4.783,P = 0.029）的性行为发生率呈上升趋势。高危性行为发生率由61.61%下降至3.98%（趋势χ2 = 1 606.933,P＜0.001）,多因素结果显示:已婚（OR = 2.374,95%CI:1.478～3.811）和未ART者（OR = 1.837,95%CI:1.431～2.358）更易发生高危性行为。性别和年龄亚组分析显示,已婚和未接受ART治疗与高危性行为的关联方向保持一致。 结论 HIV/AIDS确诊后一年内仍保持性活跃且存在高危性行为,仍具备二代传播、感染其他性传播疾病和不同HIV型别毒株或耐药毒株风险,应提供精准干预,促进HIV/AIDS坚持使用安全套。     

止消通脉宁对糖尿病微血管合并症患者心功能影响的临床研究

为了探讨中药复方止消通脉宁对有微血管合并症的亚临床期糖尿病心脏病患者心功能的影响 ,我们选择了 63例 2型有微血管合并症的糖尿病患者 ,分为对照组 (2 0例 )和治疗组 (4 3例 ) ,分别使用常规疗法和加用止消通脉宁的治疗方法 ,疗程 4周 ,着重观察心功能、眼底和 2 4h尿白蛋白定量的改变。结果 :止消通脉宁可以明显改善心功能、减少尿白蛋白定量 ,而常规治疗对照组则无明显作用。表明止消通脉宁干预治疗可以改善有微血管合并症的亚临床期糖尿病心脏病患者心功能的异常 ,从而预防和治疗糖尿病心脏病。     

玻璃体视网膜手术治疗复杂性视网膜脱离的疗效

目的：评价应用玻璃体视网膜联合手术（vitreo-retinal surgery,V-R术）治疗复杂性视网膜脱离的疗效。方法：应用V－R术治疗视网膜脱离（网脱）54眼,其中孔源性网脱伴PVR（C3级以上）18眼,外伤玻璃体积血并牵拉网脱14眼,复发性网脱9眼,合并晶体混浊6眼,血管性并牵拉网脱3眼,后极裂孔3眼,先天性脉络膜缺损并网脱1眼。结果：出院时视网膜解剖复位（完全复位及残留少量视网膜下液）44眼,术后视力提高39眼,不变9眼,下降6眼。结论：通过玻璃体手术,切除混浊屈光间质后,可根据情况联合进行视网膜复位术,为视网膜复位创造条件,促进术后视力提高。     

44例裂孔性视网膜脱离的暗适应视网膜电图及振荡电位的观察

目的：检测裂孔性视网膜脱离患者的视网膜电图（FERG）及振荡电位（OPs),总结FERG及OPs在视网膜脱离中的变化规律。方法：随机选择1眼为裂孔性视网膜脱离,另1眼除屈光不正外无其他眼疾中44例、44眼,进行暗适应FERG及OPs的检测。与对侧眼作比较研究,主要观察指标有：FERG中的a波振幅（aA);b波振幅（bA);a波峰时（aT);b波峰时（bT),OPs中的∑O,O1,O2,O3,O4及其峰时值的变化。结果：全部病例均有病理改变,视网膜脱离眼上述指标与对侧眼差异有显著性（P＜0．05）,降低幅度与视网膜脱离面积有关。视网膜脱离眼FERG的a波振幅、b波振幅与手术效果相关,异常程度轻者手术成功率高。结论：视网膜电图检查是了解视网膜机能的有效方法之一,术前检查视网膜脱离患者的FERG及OPs,有助于了解病变严重程度及视功能损害的情况,能对手术预后做出较适合的估计。     

The surgical care practitioner: a dual perspective

The ongoing balance of service delivery and training offset with the European Working Time Directive has resulted in a requirement to review the surgical workforce and new ways of working. The extended surgical team can be utilized to support the delivery of surgical services. Surgical care practitioners are trained to care for surgical patients across the whole patient pathway: in clinics, theatre and on the ward. They are continual members of the surgical team and can support both the service and training due to the flexible nature of the role. This article gives an overview of the role of the surgical care practitioner (SCP) and how the role impacts surgical training.     

基于络病理论从芳香通络疗法论治冠状动脉微循环障碍

近年来,随着冠脉介入诊疗技术的普及,冠状动脉微循环障碍（CMD）的检出率逐步升高,CMD已成为远期心血管事件的独立预测因子。络病理论认为CMD病位在络,病机为心络瘀阻、心络郁滞/虚滞和心络绌急,通络成为其基本的治法治则。芳香类药物可直接入络搜邪,芳香通络疗法较单纯活血通络法疗效更佳。故而从络病理论、芳香通络疗法的立法依据等方面,对芳香通络疗法治疗CMD进行论述。