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11.
目的 研究主、被动最大张口度(AMMO、PMMO)与颞下颌关节强直严重程度的关系。方法 选取28只健康雄性绵羊随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各14只。实验组绵羊双侧颞下颌关节模拟髁突矢状骨折,其中左侧翼外肌被切断以阻断其功能;对照组绵羊未进行手术。于术前及术后12、24周对所有绵羊体重、AMMO、PMMO、颞下颌关节形态学特点进行测量评估。结果 实验组只有右侧保留翼外肌功能的颞下颌关节发生了骨强直。术后12、24周,实验组绵羊AMMO、PMMO、极限距离均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。实验组绵羊AMMO和PMMO与骨融合区宽度、长度、面积及钙化程度均呈负相关(均P < 0.05),其中骨融合区面积为主要影响因素(术后12、24周相关系数r分别为-0.94、-0.95)。结论 颞下颌关节强直动物模型中阻断翼外肌功能可阻止骨强直的发生;对于早期髁突矢状骨折,可通过牙合垫或牙合板进行张口训练,进而阻断翼外肌功能。当颞下颌关节发生骨强直时,骨融合区面积越大,张口受限越明显。  相似文献   
12.
背景 呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎易出现反复喘息,且下呼吸道分泌物中半胱氨酸白三烯(CysLTs)水平升高。而孟鲁司特是一种白三烯受体拮抗剂,关于其治疗RSV毛细支气管炎症状的研究相对较少。目的 探讨孟鲁司特改善婴幼儿RSV毛细支气管炎后症状及减轻反复喘息发作的有效性和安全性。方法 2015年6月-2017年6月连续纳入在潍坊市妇幼保健院出院的RSV毛细支气管炎患儿,随机分为治疗组、对照组。Ⅰ期,治疗组:口服孟鲁司特颗粒(4 mg)12周,1次/d;对照组:口服安慰剂12周,1次/d。对两组无症状天数、个人日记评分进行评估。随访9个月(Ⅱ期),观察Ⅰ+Ⅱ期反复喘息人数和医疗资源应用情况等。依据意向性分析(ITT)原则,应用全分析集(FAS)分析数据。结果 共纳入研究对象186例,治疗组92例,对照组94例。治疗组完成Ⅰ期研究的患儿为89例,对照组为90例;治疗组完成Ⅰ+Ⅱ期的患儿为84例,对照组为86例。治疗组平均依从性为97.8%(7 560/7 728),对照组平均依从性为97.4%(7 690/7 896),两组患儿平均依从性比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.16,P=0.07)。在Ⅰ期研究期间,两组无症状天数、日间无症状天数、夜间无症状天数、个人日记评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在整个研究过程中(Ⅰ+Ⅱ期),治疗组RSV毛细支气管炎喘息复发人数少于对照组(P<0.05),治疗组喘息患儿出现2次及以上喘息比例低于对照组(χ2=5.14,P=0.02)。Ⅰ+Ⅱ期研究期间治疗组医疗资源应用人数、β-受体激动剂应用人数、糖皮质激素应用人数、住院人数低于对照组(P<0.05)。在事后亚组分析中,治疗组有湿疹史与父母哮喘史的患儿中无症状天数〔(49.7±20.2)、(51.3±20.9)d〕多于对照组〔(36.3±20.4)、(37.8±19.3)d〕(t=2.19,P=0.03;t=2.24,P=0.03)。整个研究过程中没有患儿因不良反应退出研究,两组间胃肠道紊乱、皮疹、转氨酶升高发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ2=0.23,P=0.63;χ2=0.03,P=0.86;χ2=0.15,P=0.69)。结论 口服孟鲁司特(4 mg)12周不能改善RSV毛细支气管炎患儿呼吸道症状,但能降低患儿反复喘息发作次数。口服孟鲁司特(4 mg)有一定效果且安全。  相似文献   
13.
《Vaccine》2020,38(50):7916-7927
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of acute lower respiratory illness in children of less than 5 years of age which usually results in hospitalization or even in death. Vaccine development is hampered in consequence of a failed vaccine trial with fatalities in the 1960s. Even though research has been more focused on the RSV fusion protein in its pre-fusion conformation, maternal vaccination with post-fusion protein (post F) was considered as a promising vaccine strategy for passive immunization of babies, because post F preserves very potent neutralizing epitopes. We extensively analyzed post F-binding B cell receptor (BCR) repertoires of three vaccinees who received a post F-subunit vaccine in the context of a first-in-human, Phase 1, randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02298179). In order to compare the vaccine-induced BCR repertoires with BCR repertoires induced by natural infection, we also analyzed pre F- and post F-binding BCRs isolated from a healthy blood donor with relatively high F-binding memory B cell (MBC) frequencies. Analysis of the vaccine-induced repertoires revealed that preferentially VH4-encoded BCRs were expanded in response to vaccination. Estimation of antigen-driven selection further demonstrated that expanded BCRs accumulated positively selected replacement mutations which substantiated the hypothesis that post F-vaccination induces diversification of VH4-encoded BCRs in germinal centers. Comparison of the vaccine-induced BCR repertoires with clonally related pre and post F-binding BCRs of the healthy blood donor suggested that the vaccine expanded pre/post F cross-reactive MBCs. Interestingly, several vaccine-induced BCRs shared stereotypic VDJ gene junctions with known neutralizing Abs. Once expressed for functional characterization, the selected monoclonal Abs demonstrated the predicted neutralization activities in plaque reduction neutralization assays indicating that the post F-vaccine induced expansion of neutralizing BCRs.  相似文献   
14.
Aging alters bladder functions where a decrease in filling, storage and emptying is observed. These changes cause urinary incontinence, especially in women. The aim of this study is to examine how aging affects the intracellular calcium movements due to agonist-induced contractions in permeabilized female rat bladder. Urinary bladder isolated from young and old female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Small detrusor strips were permeabilized with β-escin. The contractile responses induced with agonists were compared between young and old groups. Carbachol-induced contractions were decreased in permeabilized detrusor from old rats compared to young group. Heparin and ryanodine decreased carbachol-induced contractions in young rats where only heparin inhibited these contractions in olds. Caffeine-induced contractions but not inositol triphosphate (IP3)-induced contractions were decreased in old group compared to youngs. The cumulative calcium response curves (pCa 8–4) were also decreased in old rats. Carbachol-induced calcium sensitization responses did not alter by age where GTP-β-S and GF-109203X but not Y-27632 inhibited these responses. Carbachol-induced contractions decrease with aging in rat bladder detrusor. It can be postulated as IP3-induced calcium release (IICR) is primarily responsible for the contractions in older rats where the decrease in carbachol contractions in aging may be as a result of a decrease in calcium-induced calcium release (CICR), rather than carbachol-induced calcium sensitization.  相似文献   
15.
16.
《Vaccine》2020,38(42):6508-6516
BackgroundPneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) effectiveness against radiographic pneumonia in South Asia is unknown. Bangladesh introduced PCV10 in 2015 using a three dose primary series (3 + 0). We sought to measure PCV10 effectiveness for two or more vaccine doses on radiographic pneumonia among vaccine-eligible children in rural Bangladesh.MethodsWe conducted a matched case-control study over two years from 2015 to 2017 using clinic and community controls in three subdistricts of Sylhet, Bangladesh. Cases were vaccine eligible 3–35 month olds at Upazila Health Complex outpatient clinics with World Health Organization-defined radiographic primary endpoint pneumonia (radiographic pneumonia). Clinic controls were matched to cases within a one week time window by age, sex, and clinic and had an illness unlikely to be Streptococcus pneumoniae; community controls were healthy and similarly matched within a one week time window by age and sex, and distance from the clinic. We estimated adjusted vaccine effectiveness (aVE) using conditional logistic regression.ResultsWe matched 1262 cases with 2707 clinic and 2461 community controls. Overall, aVE using clinic controls was 21.4% (95% confidence interval, −0.2%, 38.4%) for ≥2 PCV10 doses and among 3–11 month olds was 47.3% (10.5%, 69.0%) for three doses. aVE increased with higher numbers of doses in clinic control sets (p = 0.007). In contrast, aVE using community controls was 7.6% (95% confidence interval, −22.2%, 30.0%) for ≥2 doses. We found vaccine introduction in the study area faster and less variable than expected with 75% coverage on average, which reduced power. Information bias may also have affected community controls.ConclusionsClinic control analyses show PCV10 prevented radiographic pneumonia in Bangladesh, especially among younger children receiving three doses. While both analyses were underpowered, community control enrollment – compared to clinic controls – was more difficult in a complex, pluralistic healthcare system. Future studies in comparable settings may consider alternative study designs.  相似文献   
17.
On 31 December 2019, the Wuhan Municipal Committee of Health and Healthcare (Hubei Province, China) reported that there were 27 cases of pneumonia of unknown origin with symptoms starting on the 8 December. There were 7 serious cases with common exposure in market with shellfish, fish, and live animals, in the city of Wuhan. On 7 January 2020, the Chinese authorities identified that the agent causing the outbreak was a new type of virus of the Coronaviridae family, temporarily called «new coronavirus», 2019-nCoV. On January 30th, 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the outbreak an International Emergency. On 11 February 2020 the WHO assigned it the name of SARS-CoV2 and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2 and COVID-19).The Ministry of Health summoned the Specialties Societies to prepare a clinical protocol for the management of COVID-19. The Spanish Paediatric Association appointed a Working Group of the Societies of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Paediatric Intensive Care to prepare the present recommendations with the evidence available at the time of preparing them.  相似文献   
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19.

Background

There were few studies assessed the postoperative sarcopenia in patients with cancers. The objective of present study was to assess whether postoperative development of sarcopenia could predict a poor prognosis in patients with adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction, (AEG) and upper gastric cancer (UGC).

Methods

Patients with AEG and UGC who were judged as non-sarcopenic before surgery were reassessed the presence of postoperative development of sarcopenia 6 months after surgery. Patients were divided into the development group or non-development group, and clinicopathological factors and prognosis between these two groups were analyzed.

Results

The 5-year overall survival rates were significantly poorer in the development group than non-development group (68.0% vs. 92.6%, P?=?0.0118). Multivariate analyses showed that postoperative development of sarcopenia was an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival (P?=?0.0237).

Conclusions

Postoperative development of sarcopenia was associated with a poor prognosis in patients with AEG and UGC.  相似文献   
20.
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