初中生感知的父母冲突与安全感:心理韧性的中介作用

目的:探索初中生感知的父母冲突,心理韧性与安全感之间的关系。方法:采用儿童感知的父母冲突量表、青少年心理韧性量表、安全感量表对湖北省440名初中生进行了调查。结果:(1)心理韧性(98.31±17.67)分,安全感(57.79±13.64)分,冲突频率(16.15±5.73)分,冲突强度(17.55±6.78)分,冲突不解决(10.20±6.28)分;(2)心理韧性,安全感在性别上没有显著性差异;但女生感知到的冲突频率、冲突强度、冲突不解决显著高于男生(t=-2.856,-2.249,-2.087;P均0.05);(3)感知的父母冲突(冲突频率、冲突强度、冲突不解决),心理韧性(两维度及总分),安全感(两维度及总分)这三者之间均显著相关(r=-0.246~0.783,P0.05),其中感知的父母冲突与心理韧性,安全感显著负相关(r=-0.505~-0.246,P0.05);心理韧性与安全感显著正相关(r=0.606,P0.01);(4)心理韧性在初中生感知的父母冲突对其安全感的影响中起完全中介作用。结论:初中生感知的父母冲突通过影响心理韧性间接影响安全感。     

积极注意偏向对于创伤后成长的影响:心理韧性的中介作用

目的:探讨积极注意偏向与创伤后成长的关系,以及心理韧性的中介作用。方法:采用随机取样的方法,对266名唐山大地震幸存者进行问卷测试,施测问卷有创伤后成长问卷、心理韧性量表、积极注意偏向量表以及一般人口学资料量表等;采用SPSS 19.0对所得数据进行分析处理。结果:积极注意偏向、心理韧性以及创伤后成长的4个维度以及总分之间存在显著相关(r=0.26~0.46,P0.001);心理韧性在积极注意偏向与创伤后成长之间具有部分中介作用。结论:积极注意偏向可以直接影响创伤后成长,也可以通过心理韧性影响创伤后成长。     

心理弹性、注意控制及焦虑对急进高原官兵心理应激的影响

目的:探讨急进高原官兵心理应激的特点及与心理弹性、注意控制、焦虑的关系。方法:采用军人心理应激自评问卷、心理弹性问卷、注意控制量表、焦虑量表对180名急进高原官兵进行调查。结果:急进高原官兵不同时间段心理应激水平存在显著差异(F=2.781,P0.05);高、低心理应激组官兵的心理弹性(t=3.517,P0.01)、注意控制(t=4.391,P0.001)、焦虑(t=-7.416,P0.001)存在显著差异;乐观性、注意控制能有效预测心理应激,总解释率为39.2%;注意控制在心理弹性、焦虑对心理应激的影响中起中介作用。结论:急进高原官兵心理应激呈变化趋势,心理弹性、注意控制的提升有助于缓解心理应激症状,促进心理健康,保障战斗力。     

Beyond normality in the study of bereavement: heterogeneity in depression outcomes following loss in older adults

Studies of individual differences in bereavement have revealed prototypical patterns of outcome. However, many of these studies were conducted prior to the advent of sophisticated contemporary data analytic techniques. For example, Bonanno et al. (2002) used rudimentary categorization procedures to identify unique trajectories of depression symptomatology from approximately 3 years prior to 4 years following conjugal loss in a representative sample of older American adults. In the current study, we revisited these same data using Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA) to derive trajectories and test predictors. LCGA is a technique well-suited for modeling empirically- and conceptually-derived heterogeneous longitudinal patterns while simultaneously modeling predictors of those longitudinal patterns. We uncovered four discrete trajectories similar in shape and proportion to the previous analyses: Resilience (characterized by little or no depression; 66.3%), Chronic Grief (characterized by depression following loss, alleviated by 4 years post-loss; 9.1%), _Pre-existing Chronic Depression (ongoing high pre- through post-loss depression; 14.5%), and Depressed-Improved (characterized by high pre-loss depression that decreases following loss; 10.1%). Using this analytic strategy, we were able to examine multiple hypotheses about bereavement simultaneously. Health, financial stress, and emotional stability emerged as strong predictors of variability in depression only for some trajectories, indicating that depression levels do not have a common etiology across all the bereaved. As such, we find that identifying distinct patterns informs both the course and etiology of depression in response to bereavement.     

临床新护士心理弹性对职业倦怠影响的研究

目的 探讨临床新护士心理弹性对职业倦怠影响的研究,为减轻临床新护士职业倦怠提供心理干预依据。方法 对480 名临床新护士进行心理弹性问卷和职业倦怠量表调查,以多元线性回归进行分析。结果 临床新护士心理弹性均分1.89±0.86 分,职业倦怠均分3.83±0.96 分;心理弹性总分和各维度与职业倦怠总分及各维度显著负相关;心理弹性可以负向预测职业倦怠。结论 临床新护士心理弹性处于较低水平,职业倦怠感处于较高水平,心理弹性三因素能有效预测临床新护士的职业倦怠,提升临床新护士的心理弹性可以降低其职业倦怠。     

精神分裂症与轻性精神障碍患者一级亲属心理韧性、应对方式的对照研究

目的 探讨精神分裂症与轻性精神障碍患者一级亲属心理韧性与应对方式的相关性.方法 对精神分裂症及轻性精神障碍（抑郁症、焦虑症、强迫症、恐惧症、躯体形式障碍及神经衰弱）患者的94名一级亲属分为精神分裂症组（重性组）（n=45）和轻性精神障碍组（轻性组）（n=49）.两组采用心理韧性量表（RSA）、简易应对方式问卷（SCSQ）进行问卷调查,并进行比较分析.结果 轻性组与重性组心理韧性评分,社会能力[（22.67±4.59）分、（20.76±4.09）分,P＜0.05]、家庭凝聚力[（25.41±4.34）分,（22.60±4.90）分,P＜0.01]、社会资源[（25.35±4.27）分,（23.24±4.16）分,P＜0.05]及总分[（129.22±12.89）分,（122.60±14.54）分,P＜0.05]均高于重性组;两组简易应对方式评分,积极应对分轻性组高于重性组[（27.45±5.22）分,（23.36±6.46）分,P＜0.05];消极应对分低于重性组[（9.92±3.08）分,（11.64±4.36）分,P＜0.05],总分也高于重性组[（36.72±5.26）分,（34.41±5.61）分,P＜0.05];两组除轻性组自我的知觉与消极应对无相关外,心理韧性与积极应对呈正相关（r=0.238～ 0.434,P＜0.01或P＜0.05）,与消极应对呈负相关（r=-0.274～0.401,P＜0.01或P＜0.05）.结论 轻性精神障碍患者一级亲属心理韧性高于重性组,面对逆境时多采取积极应对方式,两组心理韧性与应对方式有相关性.     

Critical Clinical Events and Resilience Among Emergency Nurses in 3 Trauma Hospital-Based Emergency Departments: A Cross-Sectional Study

IntroductionEmergency nurses experience occupational stressors resulting from exposures to critical clinical events. The purpose of this study was to identify the critical clinical events for emergency nurses serving 3 patient populations (general, adult, pediatric) and whether the resilience of these nurses differed by the patient population served.MethodsThis study used a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 48 emergency nurses were recruited from 3 trauma hospital-based emergency departments (general, adult, pediatric). Clinical Events Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience scale, and an investigator-developed demographic questionnaire were used to collect data from respondents.ResultsAll respondents were female (n = 48, 100%), and most were White (n = 46, 96%). The average age of participants was 39.6 years, the average number of years as a registered nurse was 12.7 years, and the average number of years as an emergency nurse was 8.8 years. Clinical events considered most critical were providing care to a sexually abused child, experiencing the death of a coworker, and lack of responsiveness by a colleague during a serious situation. The least stress-provoking event was incidents with excessive media coverage. Nurses were less affected by the critical events they experienced more frequently at work. Nurses in the 3 trauma settings had high level of resilience, with no statistically significant differences between groups.DiscussionThe occupational stress from exposure to significant clinical events varied with the patient population served by emergency nurses. It is important that interventions be adopted to alleviate the effect of work-related stressors and promote the psychological health of emergency nurses.     

全膝关节置换患者术前心理弹性现状及其影响因素分析

目的 探讨全膝关节置换患者术前心理弹性现状并分析其影响因素。 方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2021年3月—7月在上海市某三级甲等医院关节外科住院的183例择期行全膝关节置换术的患者作为调查对象。基于心理弹性模型选定潜在影响变量,采用一般资料调查表、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数、康纳戴维森心理弹性量表、慢性病自我效能量表、希望指数量表、心理困扰量表、社会支持评定量表、医学应对方式问卷进行调查。采用多元线性回归进行心理弹性影响因素分析。 结果 全膝关节置换患者术前心理弹性水平为（59.98±9.20）分。多元线性回归分析显示,患者文化程度（β=0.202,P<0.001）、自我效能（β=0.319,P<0.001）、希望（β=0.363,P<0.001）、屈服应对（β=-0.149,P=0.010）可影响全膝关节置换患者术前心理弹性,共解释68.20%的总变异。 结论 全膝关节置换患者术前心理弹性整体水平较低,临床实践中应重视健康教育与心理辅导,提高患者的自我效能和希望水平,避免消极应对方式,促进患者的手术预后。