Cor triatriatum associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the coronary sinus: Echocardiographic and angiocardiographic features

Summary An infant girl is described who had cor triatriatum and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection of the left pulmonary veins to the coronary sinus, the first report of this combination of lesions. The infant also had a Dandy-Walker malformation and multiple facial and intrathoracic hemangiomas. The cardiac diagnosis was made by two-dimensional echocardiography. Cardiac catheterization and angiography confirmed the findings and also demonstrated a persistent left superior vena cava draining to the coronary sinus. The infant underwent successful surgical repair. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection and left superior vena cava not infrequently are associated with cor triatriatum. Although two-dimensional echocardiography is sensitive for the detection of cor triatriatum, preoperative cardiac catheterization is necessary to identify unequivocally systemic and pulmonary venous connections.     

腹部大血管病变的3D DCE-MRA诊断

目的 阐述3D动态增强磁共振血管造影（three-dimensional　dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiog-raphy,3D DCE-MRA）的原理及其在腹部大血管病变诊断中的价值。方法搜集32例腹部大血管3D DCE-MRA检查的影像资料,对其影像表现进行回顾性分析。结果（1）团注试验:对比剂通过肾动脉水平腹主动脉内的高峰时间为17-23s;（2）正常表现3例,清晰显示腹主动脉及其分支;（3）腹主动脉瘤7例,均显示主动脉受累段不规则增宽及实际的动脉腔;（4）腹主动脉夹层18例,均显示内膜片、真假两腔以及分支动脉起源的位置,显示破口12处、再破口16处;（5）动脉粥样硬化3例,均显示腹主动脉迂曲,管径粗细不均;（6）髂总静脉血栓形成1例,左髂总静脉未显影。结论3DDCE-MRA是一种非损伤性血管成像技术,对腹部大血管病变的诊断有重要意义。     

心脾综合征的多普勒超声心动图诊断

目的:探讨多普勒超声心动图对心脾综合征的诊断价值,分析其心脏伴随畸形漏诊及误诊原因,提高对心脾综合征诊断的准确率。方法:本文总结了221例心脾综合征患儿的超声检测结果,并与其心血管造影或磁共振检查结果进行对照。结果:超声心动图诊断为心脾综合征与心导管或磁共振结论符合者199例(占90.0%),诊断不符合者22例(占10.0%)。结论:多普勒超声心动图可以较准确地诊断心脾综合征,但对其心脏伴随畸形检出的准确率尚待进一步提高。     

二维超声心动图对主动脉瓣关闭不全病变鉴别诊断价值

本文报道用二维超声心动图对主动脉瓣关闭不全124例进行病变鉴别诊断。就其图象特征结合X线所见,心音图等进行了鉴别诊断的探讨。其中,有风湿性心脏病111例;感染性心内膜炎4例;冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病5例;马凡氏综合征2例;左室假腱索2例。认为此项检查对主动脉瓣关闭不全病变鉴别诊断有一定的价值。     

In vivo quantification of fluorescent molecular markers in real-time: A review to evaluate the performance of five existing methods

With the advent of molecular-targeted fluorescent markers, there is a renewed interest in fluorescence quantification methods that are based on continuous wave excitation and multi-spectral image acquisition. However, little is known about their in vivo quantification performance. We reviewed the performance of five selected methods by analytically describing these and varying input parameters of irradiance, excitation geometry, collection efficiency, autofluorescence, melanin content, blood volume, blood oxygenation and tissue scattering using optical properties representing those for human skin. We identified one method that corrects for variations in all parameters. This requires image acquisition before and after marker administration, under identical geometry. Hence, it is suited for applications where the site of interest can be relocated (e.g. anaesthetized animals and dermatology). For applications where relocation is not possible, we identified a second method where the uncertainty in the fluorescence signal was ±20%. Hence, use of these methods can substantially aid in vivo fluorescence quantification compared to use of the raw fluorescence signal, as this changed by more than 3 orders of magnitude. Since these methods can be computed in real-time, they are of particular interest for applications where direct feedback is critical, as diagnostic screening or image-guided surgery.     

实时双平面超声心动图初步临床应用研究

目的　探讨实时双平面超声心动图的临床应用价值。方法　对 83例受检者进行实时双平面超声 (BP)检查 ,其中男 46例 ,女 3 7例 ,平均年龄 2 0 92± 19 16岁。正常人 10例 ,先天性心脏病 44例 ,心瓣膜病 2 6例 ,其他心脏病变3例。结果　实时双平面超声有助于理解心脏立体解剖 ;能通过有限的声窗获得更多的切面 ,并可显示常规经胸超声不易得到的切面 ;多切面显示心脏瓣膜及其病变 ,有利于获得瓣膜狭窄或关闭不全的最佳观察平面 ;多切面显示房、室间隔缺损 ,便于寻找缺损的最佳显示切面以及与毗邻结构的关系。房、室间隔缺损BP、2DE测值与手术测值均有良好相关性 ;室间隔缺损BP测值与手术测值无显著性差异 ;BP、2DE均有低估房间隔缺损大小的倾向。实时双平面超声能同时显示复杂先心病的多种解剖畸形 ,有利于确定房室连接 ;辨认主、肺动脉。结论　实时双平面超声有其独特的优势 ,可为心血管疾病的准确诊断提供更多的信息。     

经食管超声心动图在胸主动脉瘤介入治疗中的应用

血管内修复术创伤性小，可应用于治疗多种主动脉疾病，如动脉瘤和主动脉夹层。经食管超声心动图(TEE)对主动脉疾病很敏感。术前可通过TEE找到撕裂的内膜片、发现内膜破口、区分类型、区分真假腔及了解心脏状况。术中TEE用于引导导管插至正确位置、观察支架放置过程、监测心功能和室壁运动状况、评价手术疗效。术后随诊通过TEE观察支架内血流情况、检出并发症如内漏等。     

超声心动图与心电图判定左室心肌梗塞部位和范围对比研究

目的:比较二维超声心动图(2DE)和心电图(ECG)对心肌梗塞(MI)定位诊断的异同、优劣。方法:对59例 MI 患者进行了2DE 和 ECG 检查。在2DE 上将左室分为16个节段而分别确定与 ECG 各导联的对应关系,分别计数2DE 上室壁运动异常(WMA)节段数和 ECG 上有异常 Q 波导联所对应节段数,对比分析两种方法检查结果的一致性。结果:2DE 和 ECG 分别检出338和311个节段阳性,两种方法阳性一致率57.9%,两种方法阳性一致率在各壁的高低依次为下壁、前壁、后壁、前间隔、侧壁;两种方法检测结果的差别有显著性(P<0.05);两种方法检测结果的相关系数 r=0.595(P=0.0000)。结论:两种方法的检查结果有较好的一致性,2DE 优于 ECG。     

非瓣膜病房颤患者左心耳血流动力学的TEE研究

应用多平面经食管超声心动图技术（Ｍ－ＴＥＥ），对３０例健康人和３０例非瓣病房颤患者（ＮＶＡＦ）心底短轴切面测量了左心耳最大直径，同一心动周期内左心耳最大及最小面积及左心耳最大空速度，产将ＮＶＡＦ患者按照自发显影及血栓的有无分为２组。发现ＮＶＡＦ组左心耳增大，收缩力及血流速度均减低，且这种变化在有血栓和有血栓形成倾向的患者中更为明显。     

Visualisation of intra-cardiac structures and radiofrequency lesions using intracardiac echocardiography.

AIMS: Fluoroscopy does not allow identification specific anatomical landmarks during electrophysiological studies. Intra-cardiac echocardiography permits visualization of these structures with excellent accuracy, but the optimal method has not been fully described. The aim of this study was to assess the capability of intra-cardiac echocardiography for the visualization of such structures using two different approaches. We also assessed its capability for the evaluation of radio frequency lesions 20 min after catheter ablation of the cavo-tricuspid isthmus. METHODS: Intra-cardiac echocardiography was performed using a 9 MHz rotating transducer in eight consecutive patients (age range: 37-76 years) after radio frequency ablation of the cavo-tricuspid isthmus. The ultrasound catheter was inserted through the femoral vein into the superior vena cava and was pulled back to the inferior vena cava. The echo catheter was then reinserted through the subclavian vein and advanced into the right ventricular apex and was pulled back from the right ventricular to the superior vena cava. Qualitative evaluation and intra-cardiac measurements were performed off-line. RESULTS: The fossa ovalis, the tricuspid valve, and the terminal crest were visible in all patients regardless of the method of introduction of the echo catheter. Left-sided structures were less accurately seen by intra-cardiac echocardiography. The horizontal diameter of the fossa ovalis was 8.9+/-1.8mm. The cavo-tricuspid isthmus was visible using the femoral approach in three patients. The isthmus could be visualized in all patients, and in three patients together with the ostium of the coronary sinus, using the subclavian approach. radio frequency lesions were not visible 20 min after ablation. Additionally, both the left and right ventricles could be seen using the subclavian approach. CONCLUSIONS: The subclavian approach is feasible, safe and superior to visualize the isthmus. Twenty minutes after radio frequency ablation of the cavo-tricuspid isthmus radio frequency lesions are not visible using intra-cardiac echocardiography.