雷珠单抗临床应用新进展概述

雷珠单抗(ranibizumab)是第二代人源化抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)重组鼠单克隆抗体片段,能与所有活性形式的VEGF-A结合,防止其与VEGFR1及VEGFR2结合,从而减少血管内皮细胞增殖和降低血管通透性,抑制新生血管生成。近年来,其临床应用范围不断扩大,新的观察结果和观点、理念不断涌现。现将近年来雷珠单抗在眼科临床应用的最新进展作一综述。     

Assessment programs to enhance learning

Background: Assessment is an essential part of the educational system. Usually, assessment is used to measure students’ knowledge, but it can also be used to drive students’ learning and behaviors. Assessment programs should be constructed in a well-balanced way allowing not only measuring students’ knowledge but also changing students’ behavior.

Objectives: In this paper, we will discuss different strategies that can be used to change students’ behaviors which may improve their learning.

Main findings: Assessment as well as the learning material should be congruent with the objectives. Based on the literature, we summarize findings that would address key points to allow assessment for learning instead of learning.

Conclusions: When constructing an assessment program, choices have to be made that depend on aspects like logistics, financial, organizational, managerial, educational culture, and cooperation of individual and key faculty members. It is important to realize that whatever decisions you make, students will always adapt their behavior to the way you construct your assessment program.     

超声剪切波弹性成像技术在乳腺肿块诊断方面的研究进展商静(综述),阮骊韬(审校)

我国乳腺癌发病呈明显上升和年轻化特点,二维高频超声为该病的首选检查手段具有较高的灵敏度但特异度不高。近年来超声剪切波弹性技术发展突飞猛进,为进一步提高乳腺肿块诊断效能提供了可能。本文就超声剪切波弹性成像技术的基本原理以及在乳腺肿块诊断方面应用进行综述。     

非酒精性脂肪肝研究进展

非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）是一种临床常见疾病,在世界范围内NAFLD患病率呈明显上升趋势,其危险因素有肥胖、糖尿病、高脂血症和服药史等,目前尚缺乏有效的治疗手段,主要以预防为主。本文对NAFLD的流行病学、危险因素和防治措施的现状作一综述。     

人乳低聚糖对婴儿肠道菌群影响的研究进展北大核心CSCD

婴儿期是肠道菌群形成和发展最为关键的时期,作为肠道菌群演替速度较快的重要阶段,稳定的肠道菌群定植对机体健康、免疫系统的建立及完善有着重大且长远的意义。母乳中富含人乳低聚糖(HMOs),能够有效促进婴儿肠道中有益细菌的生长,抑制病原菌的侵袭,改善肠道菌群组成,提高菌种多样性,促进婴儿生长发育。现就HMOs的研究现状及其对婴儿肠道菌群的影响进行综述。     

发热感染相关性癫痫综合征研究进展北大核心CSCD

发热感染相关性癫痫综合征是最严重、罕见的癫痫性脑病之一,常影响既往健康且发育正常的学龄期儿童,前驱非特异性感染数天后出现逐渐加重的惊厥发作,并迅速进展为惊厥持续状态,其病因及发病机制不明,缺乏特定生物学标志物,治疗效果较差,但早期识别、合理治疗有助于改善预后。     

儿童青少年代谢综合征诊治进展

代谢综合征(MS),包括胰岛素抵抗、肥胖、高血压、高脂血症等,是成人动脉粥样硬化性心脏病及2型糖尿病的一系列潜在危险因素。新近研究发现儿童及青少年时期已出现一系列MS的表现,且相关危险因素的存在与其成年后MS的发生密切相关,在儿童及青少年期即开始重视防治MS是控制MS及相关心血管并发症的重要手段,必须引起高度重视。     

Major Depressive Disorder: Advances in Neuroscience Research and Translational Applications

Major depressive disorder (MDD), also referred to as depression, is one of the most common psychiatric disorders with a high economic burden. The etiology of depression is still not clear, but it is generally believed that MDD is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of social, psychological, and biological aspects. Therefore, there is no exact pathological theory that can independently explain its pathogenesis, involving genetics, neurobiology, and neuroimaging. At present, there are many treatment measures for patients with depression, including drug therapy, psychotherapy, and neuromodulation technology. In recent years, great progress has been made in the development of new antidepressants, some of which have been applied in the clinic. This article mainly reviews the research progress, pathogenesis, and treatment of MDD.     

青蒿琥酯抗肿瘤多耐药的作用及其研究进展

肿瘤多耐药发生是肿瘤治疗失败的主要原因,开发化疗增敏剂以逆转肿瘤的多耐药具有巨大临床价值。本文综述了青蒿琥酯(Artesunate,ART)在抗耐药肿瘤作用研究进展,包括其对肿瘤耐药发生机制的多个环节的影响,如抑制p-糖蛋白活性、诱导细胞凋亡、调节细胞自噬、抑制拓扑异构酶Ⅱ、干扰谷胱甘肽及相关酶的解毒作用等等,为ART作为化疗增敏剂的开发提供思路。     

北美放射学会：百年历史百年发展

北美放射学会(Radiological Society of North America,RSNA)是一个由放射学医师、医学物理学专家和其他医疗专业人员组成的国际性学术团体,会员来自全球136个国家和地区,超过54000人。RSNA每年举办世界首屈一指的放射医学论坛,大约55000人参与,是全球放射学界规模最大、最能代表行业未来发展方向的医学盛会,堪称世界学术会议之冠。RSNA主办的Radiolog和Radio Graphics两本顶级学术期刊是放射学领域影响巨大的科学杂志。RSNA成立100年来,对放射学的发展起到了巨大推动作用。本文介绍RSNA的百年历史及其在放射学科发展中的重要作用,以期对我国的放射影像同仁以启迪。