Inhibition of antigen-induced bronchoconstriction by methylprednisolone succinate

We investigated whether the glucocorticoid methylprednisolone succinate mg/kg) could prevent antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in conscious sheep. Ten allergic ewes were subjected to inhalation challenge with Ascaris suum antigen, with and without methylprednisolone pretreatment, administered intravenously either 20 min or 3 hr before antigen challenge. Antigen challenge alone resulted in increased airflow resistance, pulmonary hyperinflation, and decreases in dynamic lung compliance and arterial oxygen tension. Methylprednisolone administered 20 min before antigen challenge had no effect on these antigen-induced changes. In contrast, administration of methylprednisolone 3 hr before antigen challenge effectively prevented all the responses to antigen challenge. We suggest that pretreatment with glucocorticoids can attenuate airway anaphylaxis if sufficient time is allowed between the pretreatment and the antigen challenge.     

颈椎棘突的形态学特征及在颈部推拿中的临床意义

目的：探讨颈椎棘突分叉的规律性及其对颈部推拿的指导意义。方法：64具（套）汉族男性干燥颈椎骨骼标本上对颈椎棘突的分叉情况进行大体解剖学观测。结果：C2棘突分叉的出现率最高（94．4％），而在C7几乎所有标本的棘突都没有分叉（96．9％）；颈椎中段（C3－C6）棘突的分叉分别为82．8％，81．3％、78．1％和60％，各节段之间的分叉率差异显著（P＜0．05）。结论：C2和C7可分别作为颈部推拿的定位标志，在应用手法之前必须要分清是由先天颈椎棘突分叉所致棘突偏丕还是由颈椎偏移所引起的棘突偏歪。     

Effect of restoration of visual impulses on energy metabolism in the visual system of the brain in dark-reared animals

Changes in the rate and character of energy metabolism in the mitochondria, of the visual system of the brain induced by prolonged visual deprivation (from birth until the age of 2.5 months) were shown to be reversible. The degree of normalization differed for mitochondria of the visual cortex and superior colliculus. During the 2-week recovery period (when the animal was transferred to ordinary conditions of illumination) the rate of these processes increased, when glutamic acid was used as the substrate, and reached the control level or exceeded it somewhat. The rate of electron transport in the cytochrome c-cytochrome oxidase section of the succinate oxidase oxidation chain, which was increased during deprivation, diminished in the recovery period and came close to the control level The role of specific impulse activity in the formation of mitochondrial energy processes in the brain with age is discussed.Laboratory of Biohistochemistry, Institute of the Brain, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. N. Klosovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 9, pp. 1066–1068, September, 1976.     

Clarifying the Construct of Mindfulness in the Context of Emotion Regulation and the Process of Change in Therapy

Bishop et al. (this issue) propose an operational definition of mindfulness developed by a recent consensus panel. The group provides a solid empirical framework from which to develop measures of mindfulness, and they propose an exciting research agenda. We describe measurement development work from our research group that provides initial support for the proposed consensus definition and that examines mindfulness in relation to emotion regulation variables. We extend the discussion by describing how mindfulness can enhance the stabilizing and destabilizing aspects of therapeutic change, and we illustrate this in the context of our treatment program for depression.     

Inpatient treatment of anorexia nervosa

The authors describe an inpatient program for weight restoration in patients with anorexia nervosa, utilizing individualized behavioral management based on positive reinforcement, and accompanied by psychotherapy and family counseling or therapy. The roles of members of the treatment team are outlined. Positive treatment results were obtained in most of the 33 inpatients treated, with substantial weight gain at discharge and follow-up. Results in a smaller group of outpatients are also reported.     

Taste and physiological need in vitamin C intake by guinea pigs

Albino female guinea pigs showed an elevated intake of dilute (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/ml) solutions of vitamin C compared to distilled water in 2- and 6-bottle intake tests. Large doses of ascorbic acid (30 mg/day) failed to reduce the guinea pigs' daily intake of vitamin C. Nondeficient guinea pigs consumed 10 times more vitamin C each day than their minimum daily requirement. Scorbutic guinea pigs failed to show an immediate increased appetite for a 5 mg/ml solution of vitamin C. Nevertheless, sufficient amounts of vitamin C were consumed to restore health. As their health improved, the scorbutic guinea pigs drank more of the concentrated vitamin C solution. The role of taste and physiological need in the intake of vitamin C solutions by guinea pigs is discussed.     

1200例新生儿胆红素动态监测的临床探讨

动态监测新生儿经皮胆红素,适时治疗生理性黄疸,减少病理性黄疸。方法：将1200例新生随机分成对照组及治疗组,用JH20－IB型经皮黄疸仪测新生儿前额部胆红素,并与血清胆红素进行比较,治疗组当生理性黄疸超过一定范围时适给予治疗,对照组则无特殊治疗。结果：（1）经皮胆红素值与血清胆红素值比较,前者略低于后者,但差异无显著性：（2）治疗组与对照组比较,生后第5－10d,胆红素值差异有显著性,即前者明显低于后者,结论：（1）JH20－IB型经皮黄疸仪是动态监测新生儿胆红素的较好方法,（2）生理性黄疸较和理时也影响新生儿精神状况及喂养情况,应适时治疗。     

Are Bacillus thuringiensis strains like any other Bacillus cereus strains? Phenotypic-based tools to locate Bacillus thuringiensis in the diversity of the Bacillus cereus sensu lato group

Some Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains are used as pesticide agent. This species belongs to Bacillus cereus (Bc) group which contains many species with a high phenotypic diversity, and could be pathogenic like B. cereus. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype of 90 strains belonging to Bc group, half of which were Bt. Knowing that Bt strains belong to different phylogenetic Bc groups, do Bt strains have the same phenotype than other Bc group strains?Five phenotypic parameters were estimated for 90 strains in the Bc group, of which 43 were Bt strains: minimal, maximal and optimal growth temperature, cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cells, heat resistance of spores. The dataset was processed by principal component analysis, showing that 53% of the variance of the profiles corresponded to factors linked to growth, heat resistance and cytotoxicity. The phenotype followed the phylogenetic groups based on panC. Bt strains showed similar behavior to other strains in the Bc group, in our experimental conditions. Commercial bio-insecticide strains were mesophilic with low heat resistance.     

数据融合技术在中药分析领域中的应用进展

由于中药成分复杂,依据单一的检测分析技术往往无法获得充分的样本化学信息,信息表征不全面导致中药质量检测精度较低。数据融合技术通过对多种检测信息结果进行关联综合分析,可从信息互补的角度增强检测精度、降低检测误差。目前,已经有相关学者将数据融合技术应用到中药检测分析中并取得了较好的结果。通过从中药原料、生产加工过程及终产品质量控制3个方面出发,论述了目前数据融合技术在中药领域全过程生产质量检测和控制中的应用进展,展现了数据融合技术与中药检验及质量控制结合的应用潜力,为数据融合技术在中药分析领域中的进一步深入应用提供参考。