保肾口服液影响IgA肾病小鼠T细胞增殖及分泌IL-2的实验研究

观察保肾口服液对IgA肾病小鼠T细胞^3H-TdR掺入及其分泌IL-2水平的影响，结果表明低、中、高3种浓度的保肾口服液均能显著促进IgA肾病小鼠的自发性和ConA刺激的T细胞^3H-TdR掺入，促进T细胞合成，分泌IL-2，提前给药作用相同。提示保肾口服液有显著增强IgA肾病小鼠细胞免疫功能的作用。     

Flavor preference conditioning by oral self-administration of ethanol

 Oral self-administration and operant tasks have been used successfully to confirm ethanol′s positive reinforcing effects in rats. However, in flavor conditioning tasks, ethanol is typically found to have aversive effects. The present studies explored this apparent paradox by examining the change in value of a flavor paired with orally self-administered ethanol in two different limited-access procedures. Rats were food-deprived and trained to drink (experiment 1) or to barpress for (experiment 2) 10% (v/v) ethanol during daily 30-min sessions using prandial initiation techniques. All rats were then exposed to a differential flavor conditioning procedure in which banana or almond extract was added to the drinking solution. One flavor (counterbalanced) was always mixed with ethanol (CS+), whereas the other flavor was mixed with water (CS–). By the end of conditioning, rats in both experiments drank more flavored ethanol than flavored water, confirming ethanol’s efficacy as a reinforcer. Moreover, barpress rates for CS+ exceeded those for CS– in the operant task. Ethanol doses self-administered in final sessions averaged about 1 g/kg. The effect of the flavor-ethanol contingency was assessed in preference tests that offered a choice between the two flavor solutions without ethanol. In both experiments, subjects developed a preference for the flavor that had been paired with ethanol. Thus, the outcome of flavor conditioning was consistent with that of the oral self-administration tasks in providing evidence of ethanol’s rewarding effects. These experiments confirm and extend previous studies showing that flavor aversion is not the inevitable result of flavor-ethanol association in rats. It seems likely that ethanol’s nutrient and pharmacological effects both contributed to the development of conditioned flavor preference. Received: 15 February 1997 / Final version: 11 June 1997     

补肾抗衰口服液对大鼠衰老模型免疫器官影响的实验研究

研究补肾抗衰口服液对大鼠衰老模型免疫器官胸腺和脾脏的影响.结果显示,模型组大鼠胸腺和脾脏重量减轻,胸腺重/体重比值、脾重/体重比值减小,胸腺组织学观察,显示萎缩改变;药物组大鼠胸腺和脾脏重量、胸腺重/体重、脾重/体重比值接近正常对照组,胸腺组织学观察,未显示萎缩改变.本研究结果表明,补肾抗衰口服液能延缓胸腺和脾脏萎缩,保护机体的正常免疫功能,提示该药有抗衰老的作用.     

Seasonal covariation of the circadian phases of rectal temperature and slow wave sleep onset

There is a scarcity of well-controlled studies of the seasonal variation in circadian rhythmicity. In the present study, the circadian phase of rectal temperature and the onset of slow wave sleep were studied in a series of twelve 24-h experiments, one each month of the year, for six healthy subjects under controlled conditions in a climatic chamber. In winter, as compared with summer, the average circadian rhythm of rectal temperature was phase delayed by 45 min, and the average onset of slow wave sleep was phase delayed by 40 min. The temporal relationship between the circadian phase of rectal temperature and the timing of slow wave sleep was maintained throughout the year. Habitual rising and retiring times covaried as well. Furthermore, the circadian rhythm of rectal temperature followed the timing of the photoperiod across the year, but had a much smaller range of seasonal variation. Apparently, the seasonal variation in the photoperiodic zeitgeber is largely compensated for by the stabilizing influence of secondary zeitgebers. However, in healthy subjects some effect of photoperiodic variation can still be observed.     

正常人口腔粘膜不同部位表面感觉的测试

目的 建立正常人口腔粘膜不同部位表面感觉的正常参考值，并测试各年龄组感觉值是否存在差异。方法 利用动静两点辨别觉试验，测试90例健康人口腔粘膜不同部位的表面感觉。结果 舌尖感觉功能最好，其次为舌背、舌腹、颊粘膜、口底和硬腭。健康人的口腔粘膜不同部位的表面感觉随着年龄增长有显著性变化。结论 口腔粘膜不同部位感觉辨别力存在差异，健康人口底、舌腹、舌背、颊和硬腭粘膜感觉功能有增龄性变化。     

口溃液治疗复发性口腔溃疡208例疗效观察

口溃液主要成分为三氯化铁。本品经对２０８例复发性口腔溃疡患者的临床疗效观察，总有效率为９７．１％，并具有显效迅速，作用持久、涂抹方便等优点。     

überlebensverbesserung eines unizentrischen Gesamtkollektivs aus 20 Jahren

PURPOSE: The development of overall survival of a DOSAK (German-Austrian-Swiss Cooperative Group on tumours of the maxillofacial region) clinic's overall population comprising a time period of more than 20 years (1983-2004) should be assessed. At a cutoff date (January 1st, 1997), a change from a primarily surgically based to a consequent multi-modality treatment regimen was implemented. The periods of time before and after that change should be compared. METHODS AND PATIENTS: The data of the DOSAK registry entries on 1038 patients suffering from primary untreated oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas were updated with respect to follow-up and mortality data to achieve a 100% quality of follow-up. The end point (death) was reached in 67% of the overall population. Statistical analysis was carried out by the Trium Analysis Online corporation, Munich. RESULTS: The portion of female and older tumor patients increased, more than half of all tumor patients were clearly in stage IV of the disease at first referral. The portion of patients operated on persisted approximately (80%), the portion of additional treatment modalities could be increased considerably. The fact of a bony infiltration by the tumor and the operability remained highly significantly relevant for survival in multivariate analysis, despite of multi-modality treatment. The survival rate of the patients remained significantly dependent on the clinical stage of the disease in multivariate analysis but could be improved by 10% in the clinical stages II and III and in the patients who could not be operated on. All in all, the cutoff date was statistically relevant for survival in multivariate analysis, i.[Symbol: see text]e. the change in the treatment regimen had a verifiable positive effect on the survival of a unicentric overall population. CONCLUSION: Survival improvement in an overall population via change in treatment strategy is possible in relatively short time; the clinical stages II and III and the non-operable patients have the greatest benefit from a multi-modality treatment.     

飞行员配穿两种囊式抗荷服在不同环境温度和代谢水平时的热应激

目的　探讨飞行员配穿囊式抗荷服在不同环境温度、不同代谢水平条件下的热应激 ,为评价囊式抗荷服的热负荷和制定相应的保障措施提供理论依据。方法　 6名受试者分别配穿KH - 3抗荷服及配套装备和KH - 7抗荷服及配套装备 (以下分别简称为“KH - 3”和“KH -7”) ,以不同代谢水平暴露于 2 0℃、2 5℃和 35℃环境。每次试验 70min。测量了受试者配穿KH- 3和KH - 7时的卫生学参数、皮肤温度、直肠温度、心率等 ,并以综合热应激指数 (CIHS)评定了热应激防护等级。结果　KH - 3和KH - 7的各项卫生学参数 (clo值、im、im/IJ)均无显著差别。KH - 3对照Ⅲ组和KH - 7对照Ⅳ组 (2 5℃ ,1178～ 132 5kJ·h- 115min ,36 8kJ·h- 15 5min)的CIHS均未超过生理安全限的 6 0 % (分别为 3.5 4和 3.4 6 ,属轻度热应激 ) ;KH - 3高代谢组和KH- 7高代谢组 (2 0℃ ,84 6～ 10 30kJ·h- 170min)的CIHS在生理安全限的 6 0 %～ 95 %之间 (分别为4 .2 4和 4 .6 0 ,属中度热应激 ) ;KH - 3高温组和KH - 7高温组 (35℃ ,1178～ 132 5kJ·h- 115min ,36 8kJ·h- 15 5min)的CIHS却超过生理安全限的 95 % (分别为 7.31和 7.87,属重度热应激 )。结论　受试者配穿KH - 3与KH - 7时的各项卫生学参数、热应激等均无显著差别 ,但配穿后者比     

术中输注氨基酸对硬膜外阻滞复合全麻开胸手术患者围术期体温的影响

目的评价术中输注氨基酸对硬膜外阻滞复合全麻食管癌和贲门癌手术患者围术期深部体温和代谢的影响。方法择期食管癌和贲门癌手术患者21例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为3组(n =7):从麻醉诱导开始至手术结束,分别静脉输注氨基酸混合液240kJ·h-1(AA组)、等容量乳酸钠林格氏液(LR组)、葡萄糖溶液240kJ·h-1(GLU组)。麻醉诱导前至术后2h每5分钟测定鼓膜温度,于麻醉诱导前即刻、手术开始后1h和术后1h检测指尖血糖,采用4分表法评价术后2h内寒战的发生情况,采用间接测热仪测定术前与术后氧耗。结果与麻醉诱导前即刻比较,术后30min LR组和GLU组氧耗降低,AA组氧耗升高(P<0.01),术后2h LR组、GLU组鼓膜温度降低(P<0.05),AA组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与LR组和GLU组比较,AA组术后2h内寒战发生例数减少(P< 0.05),术后30min氧耗增多(P<0.05),LR组与GLU组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论硬膜外阻滞复合全麻开胸手术患者术中静脉输注氨基酸可通过提高基础代谢率,缓解围术期深部体温降低,减少术后寒战发生,而输注葡萄糖不产生此效应。