Reversión de sobrepeso y obesidad en población infantil de Vilafranca del Penedès: Programa ACTIVA’T (2012)

Objective

To assess a 6-month nutritional and physical activity intervention program on the nutritional status of overweight or obese and not very active 8-14 years old children by means of a controlled pre-post design (ACTIVA’T program).

个性化营养管理在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中的应用

目的 探讨个性化营养干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者的营养知信行水平、营养指标及活动耐力的影响。方法 选取我院2017 年1 月～2018 年12 月收治入院的COPD 患者224 例，用NRS 2002 对224 例COPD 住院患者进行营养风险筛查，其中存在营养风险者（NRS 2002≥3 分）68 例，按照入院先后顺序分为对照组和观察组，每组34 例，对照组给予常规饮食护理，观察组根据个体营养状况给予个性化营养管理，均持续干预1 个月。比较两组干预前后的营养知信行水平、营养指标及活动耐力的影响。结果 观察组在干预后其营养知信行水平、BMI、血清总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、淋巴细胞（LMP）数值及6 min 步行距离均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 个性化营养干预能有效提高COPD 患者的营养知信行水平、提高营养指标、改善营养状况、增强活动耐力，从而提高生活质量。     

A review of hepatic nanotoxicology – summation of recent findings and considerations for the next generation of study designs

ABSTRACT

The liver is one of the most important multi-functional organs in the human body. Amongst various crucial functions, it is the main detoxification center and predominantly implicated in the clearance of xenobiotics potentially including particulates that reach this organ. It is now well established that a significant quantity of injected, ingested or inhaled nanomaterials (NMs) translocate from primary exposure sites and accumulate in liver. This review aimed to summarize and discuss the progress made in the field of hepatic nanotoxicology, and crucially highlight knowledge gaps that still exist.

Key considerations include

• In vivo studies clearly demonstrate that low-solubility NMs predominantly accumulate in the liver macrophages the Kupffer cells (KC), rather than hepatocytes.

• KCs lining the liver sinusoids are the first cell type that comes in contact with NMs in vivo. Further, these macrophages govern overall inflammatory responses in a healthy liver. Therefore, interaction with of NM with KCs in vitro appears to be very important.

• Many acute in vivo studies demonstrated signs of toxicity induced by a variety of NMs. However, acute studies may not be that meaningful due to liver’s unique and unparalleled ability to regenerate. In almost all investigations where a recovery period was included, the healthy liver was able to recover from NM challenge. This organ’s ability to regenerate cannot be reproduced in vitro. However, recommendations and evidence is offered for the design of more physiologically relevant in vitro models.

• Models of hepatic disease enhance the NM-induced hepatotoxicity.

The review offers a number of important suggestions for the future of hepatic nanotoxicology study design. This is of great significance as its findings are highly relevant due to the development of more advanced in vitro, and in silico models aiming to improve physiologically relevant toxicological testing strategies and bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo experimentation.     

Pregnancy outcomes and nutritional indices after 3 types of bariatric surgery performed at a single institution

BackgroundNutritional status during pregnancy and the effects of nutritional deficiencies on pregnancy outcomes after bariatric surgery is an important issue that warrants further study. The objective of this study was to investigate pregnancy outcomes and nutritional indices after restrictive and malabsorptive procedures.MethodsWe investigated pregnancy outcomes of 113 women who gave birth to 150 children after biliopancreatic diversion (BPD), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) between June 1994 and December 2011. Biochemical indices and pregnancy outcomes were compared among the different types of surgery and to overall 20-year hospital data, as well as to 56 presurgery pregnancies in 36 women of the same group.ResultsAnemia was observed in 24.2% and 15.6% of pregnancies after BPD and RYGB, respectively. Vitamin B₁₂ levels decreased postoperatively in all groups, with no further decrease during pregnancy; however, low levels were observed not only after BPD (11.7%) and RYGB (15.6%), but also after SG (13.3%). Folic acid levels increased. Serum albumin levels decreased in all groups during pregnancy, but hypoproteinemia was seen only after BPD. Neonates after BPD had significantly lower average birth weight without a higher frequency of low birth weight defined as<2500 g. A comparison of neonatal data between babies born before surgery and siblings born after surgery (AS) showed that AS newborns had lower average birth weight with no significant differences in body length or head circumference and no cases of macrosomia.ConclusionOur study showed reasonably good pregnancy outcomes in this sample population after all types of bariatric surgery provided nutritional supplement guidelines are followed. Closer monitoring is required in pregnancies after malabsorptive procedures especially regarding protein nutrition.     

大理州孕早期女性血清维生素A、E水平调查

目的了解大理州孕妇妊娠早期血清维生素A、E水平,评价妊娠期维生素的营养状况,指导孕妇妊娠期合理补充维生素。方法收集2017年1月-2018年4月大理州孕妇妊娠早期血清样本共计2861份,采用高效液相色谱法定量测定血清维生素A、E的浓度。结果孕妇妊娠早期血清维生素A检测值为(0.44±0.10)ng/ml,血清维生素E为(14.55±4.09)ng/ml。与参考值比较,血清维生素A总体异常率2.48%,缺乏率2.06%,过量率0.42%;维生素E总体异常率3.32%,全部为过量异常,本研究中未检测到维生素E缺乏的情况。结论大理州孕妇妊娠早期血清维生素A、E水平95%以上均在正常参考范围内,维生素A异常以缺乏为主,维生素E以过量为主。重视孕期维生素A、E水平监测,合理正确补充,对保障母婴安全有重要意义。     

轻断食饮食模式为主的营养治疗对超重及肥胖人群的干预研究

目的分析轻断食饮食模式为主的营养治疗对超重及肥胖人群的效果。方法将2018年11月～2019年8月我院收治的200例肥胖患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,各100例,对照组给予正常饮食,观察组给予轻断食饮食模式为主的营养治疗。对比两组患者治疗前后一般指标,血糖血脂指标等。结果两组治疗前血压,CPR,体重以及体脂百分比指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后观察组血压,CPR,体脂百分比以及体重显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前两组血糖指标无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后观察组餐后血糖指标显著低于对照组(P0.05);治疗前两组血脂指标无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后观察组血脂指标显著优于对照组(P0.05)。结论轻断食饮食模式为主的营养治疗对于肥胖人群具有显著的减重效果,能够有效的改善患者的应激状态与血糖、血脂水平,具有较高的安全性,使用价值高,值得推广。