护理学专业学生临床实习前死亡态度与临终关怀态度调查

目的调查已结束课堂学习并即将进入临床的实习护生的死亡态度与临终关怀态度,分析两者之间的相关性及在本科与大专护生间的差异。方法采用横断面研究设计调查232名高年级在校护生的死亡态度与临终关怀态度情况。研究工具包括中文版死亡态度描绘量表(修订版)和中文版佛罗梅尔特临终关怀态度量表-B表。采用Pearson相关分析和t检验进行数据分析。结果护生死亡态度各维度均分为:中立接受(4.10±0.43)、死亡恐惧(2.76±0.66)、死亡逃避(2.73±0.74)、趋近接受(2.61±0.58)、逃离接受(2.48±0.75)。临终关怀态度总分为(107.63±8.45)。临终关怀态度与死亡恐惧(r=-0.247,P<0.01)、死亡逃避(r=-0.278,P<0.01)及逃离接受(r=-0.145,P<0.05)呈负相关,与中立接受呈正相关(r=0.405,P<0.01)。本科护生死亡逃避得分明显低于大专护生(t=-2.043,P<0.05),且临终关怀态度得分明显高于大专护生(t=2.639,P<0.01)。结论护生的死亡态度与临终关怀态度有较大改善空间,加强临终关怀教育势在必行。     

护理干预对AIDS病人药物依从性及生存质量影响短期效果的评价

目的探索在艾滋病（AIDS）病人中开展综合护理干预的方法,并评价其效果。方法在基线调查的基础上,将2010-2012年的240名AIDS病人随机分为对照组和干预组,每组120人,对照组病人给予常规护理;干预组除常规护理外,制定干预措施,实施护理干预。时间均为3个月。利用自制《抗病毒药物依从性调查表》和《世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表（WHOQOL-100）》收集病人的基线资料,进行效果评价。结果干预组病人的药物依从性的四个主要指标（漏服或错服次数,超过规定时间和未按规定剂量服药的次数）显著低于基线数据,生存质量得分明显高于基线数据;对照组病人的药物依从性指标和生存质量得分无明显变化。药物依从性指标和生存质量得分均有随时间变化的趋势,且时间因素的作用随着分组的不同而不同。药物依从性的单因素分析中,心理状态的Sig.值小于5%;在5%显著水平下,职业、经济状况、心理状态、是否吸烟和每天睡眠时间能显著影响病人的生存质量得分。结论文章所采取的护理干预措施能够提高AIDS病人的药物依从性,改善AIDS病人的生存质量。针对病人的背景和需求,积极探索和实施综合护理干预策略,对提高AIDS病人药物依从性和生存质量具有重要意义。     

妊娠急性脂肪肝剖宫产术患者临床护理体会

目的探讨妊娠急性脂肪肝剖宫产术患者围手术期护理特点。方法选择1996年1月至2012年1月本院行剖宫产手术的AFLP患者剖宫产手术围手术期护理经验进行总结。结果共计19例患者纳入研究,平均年龄（27.9±3.5）岁,其中初产妇14例（73.7%）前驱症状为乏力、纳差、恶心、呕吐、黄疸。实验室检查示肝功能异常、凝血功能障碍、白细胞升高、肾功能损伤等。入院后密切进行胎儿监测、对围手术期孕产妇进行心理干预,在术后密切注意产后出血的观察和护理,同时加强产后护理,预防感染等护理措施干预后,产妇死亡2例（10.5%）,无围产儿死亡。结论对妊娠急性脂肪肝围手术期患者采取综合护理措施,对于改善预后起到积极的帮助。     

对接应用型护理人才培养的融通式教学模式下教育环境评估

目的比较和分析对接应用型护理人才培养的融通式教学模式和“以学科为中心”传统教学模式下的教育环境的差异。方法选择2017级护理本科生57人为实验组,实施融通式教学模式;选择2016级护理本科生44人为对照组,开展“以学科为中心”的传统教学模式。采用教育环境评估量表(dundee ready education environment measure,DREEM)评估两种教学模式下护理教育环境。结果两组教育环境评价总分都达到较好的标准:实验组教育环境评价总分(144.67±23.16)高于对照组(135.30±16.12),且差异具有统计学意义(P=0.019);在教育环境的5个维度中,实验组学习知觉、环境知觉和社交知觉维度得分均高于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对接应用型护理人才培养的融通式教学改革可有效改善教育环境,增强学生自主学习能力,显著提高教学效果。     

尿毒症血液透析患者行甲状腺全切术围手术期护理要点研究进展

尿毒症血液透析患者合并继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进在临床上是极为常见的,长期血液透析患者常出现甲状旁腺功能亢进,表现为血甲状旁腺激素明显升高,血钙持续升高,骨质脱钙和血管及软组织的异位钙化。出现甲旁亢,可采取的治疗方法有药物治疗和外科手术。药物治疗对轻型甲旁亢有效,中重度甲旁亢常需要外科手术治疗。当出现:(1)明显临床症状,如骨关节痛、肌无力、皮肤搔痒等;(2)持续性高钙血症、高磷血症或钙磷乘积大于70;(3) i PTH大于800 pg/m L,并且对活性维生素D药物治疗抵抗;(4)颈部彩色超声显示:至少一个甲状旁腺增大,直径大于1 cm并且有丰富的血流是需要外科手术。甲状腺全切术在此病治疗中较为常用,围手术期精心、完善、正确的护理模式对患者术后的康复以及并发症的发生等具有重大的意义。     

Nonverbal communication of caregivers in Slovenian nursing homes

This study aimed at determining the characteristics of nonverbal communication (NVC) of caregivers in Slovene nursing homes. The cross-sectional study was performed on 267 randomly selected caregivers from 27 randomly selected nursing homes. Facial expressions/head movements, hand gestures/trunk movements, and modes of speaking/paralinguistic signals were observed. The caregivers manifested altogether 11,324 NVC expressions. Those definitely reflecting positive attitude prevailed and accounted for 59.3% of all expressions, whereas those definitely reflecting negative attitude were very rare and accounted for 9.1% of all expressions, at a ratio of 6.5:1 (p < 0.001). Differences were statistically highly significant between genders (men manifested negative attitude expressions significantly more frequently, 11.8%) and professions (social helpers manifested positive attitude expressions significantly less frequently, 56.4%; other professionals manifested negative attitude expressions significantly less frequently, 5.4%) (p < 0.001). The results were similar within groups of NVC expressions. Although our study showed that caregivers in Slovene nursing homes use positive attitude expressions much more frequently than negative there is a reason for concern due to a general decline in positive values and beliefs in Slovene society. Promoting positive attitude NVC among new generations of caregivers in nursing homes need to become one of the most important contents of their life-long learning and training.     

Dental auscultation for nursing personnel as a model of oral health care education: development,baseline, and 6-month follow-up assessments

Oral health care has been shown to have low priority in nursing and has been only partly successful. To create more positive effects than those achieved through traditional oral health care education, this project tested an educational model for nursing staff personnel. In addition to traditional oral health care education, some of the nursing staff members passed an additional dental auscultation period and served as oral care aides. The aides were responsible for the oral health care of the residents at their nursing facilities (intervention group). The intervention nursing facilities were compared with facilities where nursing personnel only received a traditional oral health care education program. Assessments were made at baseline and at a 6-month follow-up. At follow-up it was shown that the nursing staff in the intervention group gave higher priority to the oral health care work than the nursing staff in the control group.     

超声骨刀联合高速涡轮钻拔除复杂下颌阻生智齿的临床护理

目的探讨超声骨刀拔除复杂下颌阻生智齿的效果及护理经验。方法选择90例下颌阻生智齿患者,随机平均分为三组：（1）A组,采用涡轮钻法拔除;（2）B组,采用超声骨刀法拔除：（3）C组,采用超声骨刀结合涡轮钻法除。观察三组患者手术时间、术后疼痛、肿胀程度等情况。采用SPSS13．0软件包进行统计学分析。结果C组拔牙时间低于A、B组。差异有统计学意义（tA=25．49,tB=9．44,P均〈0．05）,且并发症较低（3％）。结论超声骨刀结合涡轮钻法的应用,可明显提高工作效率,减少术后并发症．降低手术风险．优质的护理配合及熟练的“六手操作”是超声骨刀结合涡轮钻法微创、高效拔除复杂下颌阻生智齿的重要保障。     

Factors associated with polypharmacy in nursing home residents

The prevalence of polypharmacy is very high in the nursing home setting. In this comprehensive review, we describe the many demographic, functional status, chronic disease, and healthcare financing factors associated with polypharmacy in nursing home patients. Recognition of the factors associated with polypharmacy is the first step for practitioners. A quality improvement intervention study previously conducted by the authors of this paper demonstrated that polypharmacy can be reduced in the nursing setting as a result of systematic review of medications by physicians.