Self-directed learning in anatomy: incorporation of case-based studies into a conventional medical curriculum

This paper reports an attempt to develop self-directed learning skills in second-year medical students by introducing case-based projects into the gross anatomy course at a long-established medical school. The programme and students' responses to a questionnaire completed at the end of the year are presented. Information on the various resources used by students to find information is given. The performance of students in the case-based components of the course has been evaluated and also in the more traditional end-of-year written examination. The data confirm that students have recognized that the projects were about obtaining a deeper understanding of the anatomy, and the programme appears to have promoted the use and study of library texts.     

工作类型与护士生活质量研究

通过对某医院１６９名护士分层抽样调查表明，“急诊室”与“手术室”护士生活质量较差，而“机关或治疗室”的护士生活质量最好。不同工作类型的护士生活质量差异主要与工作应激程度有关。作者讨论了其原因及其改善的措施。     

Clinical Evaluation of a New Type of Centrifugal Pump

Abstract: The major problems with existing centrifugal pumps are leakage, mechanical trauma, and thrombus formation. In consideration of these problems, a new compact centrifugal pump system was developed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the new centrifugal pump system clinically. Ten patients underwent open heart surgery with a centrifugal pump or a roller pump. During surgery, hemodynamic and hematological data were obtained. A pulsatile assist device in the pump circuit was used in patients with severe heart disease. There was neither operative death nor hospital mortality, and there was no difference with regard to hemodynamic data between the two groups. The centrifugal pump group, however, had significantly lower hemolysis, especially during prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass. This centrifugal pump could also create sufficient pulsatile flow with a pulsatile assist device. Postoperative macroscopic and microscopic findings demonstrated the smooth surface of the pump without thrombus formation. This centrifugal pump system might be useful for prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass.     

试论新世纪初期医院综合院力评价

作者阐述了医院综合院力的内涵与提出背景，提出了新世纪初期综合院力的评价内容体系，即一级评价内容7项，二级评价内容39项，三级评价内容15l项，并就各指标评价内容进行了讨论分析。     

2002～2006年广西大专新生乙肝病毒携带率观察

[目的]观察2002～2006年广西大专新生乙肝病毒携带率分布,为进一步防治乙型肝炎提供理论依据。[方法]收集2002～2006年大专新生入学体检资料,采用SPSS13.0软件进行整理、统计分析。[结果]2002～2006年5年中广西大专新生HBV携带率呈明显下降的趋势,平均每年以10%的速度下降,2006年乙肝病毒携带率比2002年下降了44%,尤其以2005年桂东南汉、壮民族下降最为显著。[结论]80年代中期广西普遍接种乙肝疫苗以后,乙肝疫苗阻断乙型病毒性肝炎在广西青少年母婴传播及水平传播效果已经显现。建议在广西各地区,尤其是在桂西北少数民族地区进一步加强乙型肝炎基因工程疫苗的接种工作力度,使乙型病毒性肝炎感染率控制到更低的水平。     

Nurse Migration: A Canadian Case Study

Objective. To synthesize information about nurse migration in and out of Canada and analyze its role as a policy lever to address the Canadian nursing shortage.
Principal Findings. Canada is both a source and a destination country for international nurse migration with an estimated net loss of nurses. The United States is the major beneficiary of Canadian nurse emigration resulting from the reduction of full-time jobs for nurses in Canada due to health system reforms. Canada faces a significant projected shortage of nurses that is too large to be ameliorated by ethical international nurse recruitment and immigration.
Conclusions. The current and projected shortage of nurses in Canada is a product of health care cost containment policies that failed to take into account long-term consequences for nurse workforce adequacy. An aging nurse workforce, exacerbated by layoffs of younger nurses with less seniority, and increasing demand for nurses contribute to a projection of nurse shortage that is too great to be solved ethically through international nurse recruitment. National policies to increase domestic nurse production and retention are recommended in addition to international collaboration among developed countries to move toward greater national nurse workforce self sufficiency.     

医疗设备管理面临的新挑战

目前,医疗服务价格的调整特别是大型医疗设备的检查费用下调和高值耗材附加收费的封顶限制及药品加成的即将取消,在一定程度上减轻了患者的经济负担,但同时也造成医院收入大幅下降。作为设备管理部门,如何从医疗设备配置和管理等方面来引导、配合事关医院生存和患者福祉的医疗服务结构调整,是新形势下的新挑战。通过探讨提出从严格控制医疗设备购置费用、优化医疗设备配置、保证常规医疗设备和提高管理水平等4个方面争取找到一条使病患和医院双方共赢的道路。     

Creating a place for population health: Interpreting the spaces of a new School in Auckland,New Zealand

Although the reconfiguring of health care within the hospital sector has gained considerable attention by social scientists, the tertiary education sector's response to new health philosophies and practices has proceeded largely unexamined. This paper considers the new School of Population Health at the University of Auckland, accounts for its origins and considers the synergies between its design and workplace organisation. The results of a thematic analysis of narratives offered by 24 employees collected in 2004 are then presented. Findings suggest that the amassing of academics from a range of health-related backgrounds is advancing interdisciplinary dialogue even if the nature and purpose of population health remains unclear to some. A key concern of respondents was the openness of the workplace which encourages a collaborative atmosphere but also generates distraction. The degree to which conduct within the new building is perceived as regulated was also of concern. Place clearly matters in the story of the new School: the form of the building (featuring an architecture of openness) complements its function (generating new collaborations and creative thinking about health). However, the question of how ‘salutogenic’ a setting it is remains contested.     

实施责任护士竞聘制的做法与成效

目的 :营造良性竞争的机制和氛围 ,全面提高护理质量。方法 :通过资格认定、理论技术考试、民主测评及双项选择 ,由护理部聘任。结果 :较好地进行了人力资源的开发 ,竞聘上岗后的护士有责任感和使命感 ,工作积极主动 ,自觉地成为科室各项工作的带头人。加之岗位工资的兑现 ,更有利于护士长在科室开展工作 ,使科室各项护理工作质量显著提高。结论 :良性的竞争运行机制 ,使优秀护理人才脱颖而出 ,体现能级对应的原则 ,从而使护理质量不断提高。     

台湾产奇特长唇瓢虫雄性外生殖器与两新种描述：...

本文描述了奇特长唇瓢虫Shiro(?)lla mirol(?)ilis Sasaji的雄性外生殖器与本属两新种:附肢长唇瓢虫Sh.oppe(?)nd(?)a sp.n.,阿里山长唇瓢虫Sh.(?) sp.n.,均产于台湾.种类检索如下:1(2).后基线伸达第一腹板1/2略强:阳基侧叶长,无触须状附肢;鞘翅淡黄棕色,具七个黑色斑纹;体 长1.82 mm………………………………………………………阿里山长唇瓢虫Sh.(?)sp.n.2(1).后基线后缘远超第一腹板长度的1/2;阳基侧叶短,具触须状附肢:3(4).前胸背板棕色,具两个暗棕色模糊斑点;鞘翅棕色,具九个黑斑;体长2.12～2.59 m………… …………………………………………………………………………附肢长唇瓢虫Sh.(?)sp.n.4(3).前胸背板淡黄棕色,无斑点;鞘翅淡黄棕色,具六个黑斑,侧面的一对长形;体长2.00～2.26mm …………………………………………………………………………奇特长唇瓢虫Sh.(?)sasaji