肝移植患者术后住院期间的中枢神经系统并发症

目的探讨肝移植术后住院期间中枢神经系统并发症的发病情况、临床和神经影像学特征及可能的危险因素及预后。方法对中山大学附属第一医院1996年1月至2005年6月间共337例患者的358次肝移植手术进行回顾性研究。结果术后住院期间患者出现中枢神经系统并发症共58例，发生率16．2％，病死率41．4％。最常见的表现为肝移植脑病（10．3％），次之为癫痫（4．5％）和脑血管疾病（2．8％）。与无中枢神经系统并发症的肝移植患者相比，术后发生中枢神经系统并发症者的年龄、是否再次肝移植及病死率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论肝移植术后住院期间中枢神经系统并发症的发生率及病死率较高，直接影响患者的生活质量及预后。年龄偏大、再次肝移植可能是其危险因素。     

1198例非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的早期临床分析

目的　总结分析非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)的早期临床结果和经验体会。方法　 1996年 10月至 2 0 0 2年 5月在国内 15个冠心病微创外科中心完成非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术 1198例 ,占同期冠心病手术的 79 5 % ,OPCAB实施率 (即OPCAB占单纯冠状动脉旁路移植术的百分比 )为 85 2 %。年龄平均 (6 1 6± 9 0 )岁 ,男性占 77 3%。 18 7%为左主干病变 ,76 9%为 3支病变。左心室射血分数平均 0 5 6± 0 17。其中二次手术者占 1 5 % ,急诊手术占 9 9%。结果　 2 2例为小切口单支病变旁路移植手术 ,其余均为正中切口、多支病变的OPCAB手术。远端吻合口为 (3 1± 0 9)个 ,乳内动脉桥占 6 5 6 % ,桡动脉桥占 18 0 % ;5 2 %病人使用主动脉内球囊反搏。住院死亡 14例 ,病死率 1 2 %。其中术后心跳骤停或室颤 7例 ,大出血 2例 ,昏迷伴肾功能衰竭 2例 ,大面积脑梗塞 2例 ,呼吸衰竭 1例。并发症中 ,围术期心肌梗死占 0 4% ,急性左心功能衰竭占 0 3% ,严重心律失常占 1 2 % ,呼吸系统并发症占 2 0 % ,器质性神经系统并发症占 1 2 % ,新发或加重的肾功能不全占 0 7% ,出血二次开胸占1 0 % ,胸骨愈合不良占 0 6 %。结论　OPCAB手术安全可行 ,早期效果满意 ,远期效果有待进一步观察。OPCAB具备一     

肝移植病人术后巨细胞病毒感染的预防和治疗

目的 分析肝移植术后病人巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染的诊断、预防和治疗。方法 采用回顾性分析的方法，分析我科2000年8月至2002年1月期间进行的同种异体原位肝移植病例。结果 共进行同种异体原位肝移植36例。术后8例发生巨细胞病毒感染，其中2例出现腹泻，发热2例，1例为黄疸，4例无明显症状。在CMV感染的病人中，检测到CMV—IgM( )或(和)CMV-DNA( )，其中CMV—IgM( )5例，CMV-DNA( )6例。病人经更昔洛韦治疗后血清CMV-DNA变为阴性。全部治愈。结论 对病人CMV—IgM和CMV—DNA(FQ-PCR方法)联合检测应用能够对CMV感染病人作出诊断并且指导治疗。更昔洛韦能够有效的治疗CMV感染。     

含乳酸晶体液对肝移植术中病人动脉血乳酸浓度的影响

目的 探讨三种不同晶体液输入对非转流原位肝移植术中病人动脉血乳酸和酸碱平衡的影响。方法 全麻下非转流经典原位肝移植术中病人90例，男78例，女12例，年龄16-67岁，体重45～87kg，随机分为3组，术中分别静脉输入乳酸林格氏液（LR组）、生理盐水（NS组）和醋酸林格氏液（PA组）。术中胶体液和血液制品的输入根据血压（BP）、中心静脉压（CVP）和血红蛋白等进行调节。于麻醉前、门静脉阻断时、无肝期30min、门静脉开放前即刻和下腔静脉开放后5min、30min、手术结束时采动脉血测pH、剩余碱（BE）和乳酸（LA）。结果 三组晶体、胶体液和血液制品输入量差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。与麻醉前相比，三组pH于无肝期前均下降并持续至术毕（P〈0．05），BE在无肝期30min明显下降（P〈0．05），LA浓度自无肝期前开始升高并持续至术毕，新肝开放后升高尤为显著，约相当于麻醉前3倍水平（P〈0．01）。各时点三组问上述各指标差异无统计学意义。结论 非转流原位肝移植术中输入乳酸林格氏液，对动脉血LA升高的趋势无显著影响。     

血管紧张素转换酶基因与中国人群冠心病、高血压病及糖尿病的关系

目的：研究血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因与中国人群冠心病(CHD)、高血压病(EH)及2型糖尿病(T2DM)的关系。方法：250例呈不同组合的EH、T2DM以及CHD患者及90例正常对照用改良的聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法检测ACE基因型，比较基因型及等位基因频率分布。结果：①无合并CHD的T2DM及EH组ACE基因型及等位基因频率与正常对照无显著差异；②CHD组无论是否合并EH及／或T2DM，Ⅲ基因型及Ⅰ等位基因频率均显著低于正常对照，而DD基因型及D等位基因频率均显著高于正常对照；③T2DM合并CHD组及EH合并CHD组中Ⅱ基因型及Ⅰ等位基因频率均显著低于正常对照，而DD基因型及D等位基因频率均显著高于正常对照。结论：ACE基因多态性与中国人群CHD相关。这种关联亦见于EH或T2DM合并CHD中，但ACE基因仅是CHD发病的遗传学基础，而与是否合并EH及／或T2DM无关。     

Choreic syndrome and coeliac disease: a hitherto unrecognised association.

Coeliac disease has been associated with a variety of neurological conditions, most frequently cerebellar ataxia and peripheral neuropathy. To date, chorea has not been associated with coeliac disease. We present the case histories of 4 individuals with coeliac disease and chorea (4 women, average age of onset of chorea 61 years). Unexpectedly, most of these patients showed a notable improvement in their motor symptoms after the introduction of a gluten-free diet.     

Proteasome inhibitor model of Parkinson's disease in mice is confounded by neurotoxicity of the ethanol vehicle.

Defects in the ubiquitin-proteasome system have been implicated in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Recently, a rat model of PD was developed using a synthetic proteasome inhibitor (PSI), (Z-lle-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Leu-al). We attempted to transfer this model to mouse studies, where genetics can be more readily investigated due to the availability of genetically modified mice. We treated C57BL/6 (B6) mice with six intraperitoneal injections of 6 mg/kg PSI in 50 mul of 70% ethanol over a 2-week-period. We found significant decreases in nigrostriatal dopamine in PSI-treated mice compared with saline-treated mice. However, we observed similar decreases in the ethanol-treated vehicle control group. Administration of ethanol alone led to significant long-term alterations in dopamine levels. Ethanol significantly eclipses the effects of PSI in the dopamine system, and therefore is a confounding vehicle for this model.     

Solitary Small Hepatic Angiosarcoma: Initial and Follow-up Imaging Findings

We report an uncommon case of solitary, small hepatic angiosarcoma that was initially considered as a hemangioma. We present the imaging findings, with an emphasis on the initial and follow-up CT and MR findings, as well as report on the more suggestive findings of angiosarcoma than those of a hemangioma.     

肝脏移植后的免疫损伤与热休克蛋白的表达

目的 探讨肝脏移植后的免疫损伤与几种主要分子伴侣(热休克蛋白)表达状况之间的内在规律。方法 34份移植后肝脏穿刺标本和10份正常肝脏标本，分为A(无排斥反应)组、B(轻／中度急性排斥反应)组、C(重度急性排斥反应)组、D(慢性排斥反应／肝纤维化)组、E(对照)组。进行HSP60、HSP70、HSP90、HO—1等四种分子伴侣免疫组织化学分析和图像分析。结果 B和C组各指标间无统计学差异，A、D、E与B、C组间有统计学差异。HSP60在移植肝脏中表达降低，排斥反应发生时高；HSP70和HSP90在移植肝脏中升高。HO—1肝脏移植后升高。结论 不同种类的热休克蛋白依据自身表达的特点对移植后的免疫损伤作出反应，体现了细胞的自我保护机制。     

Identifying incident cases of parkinsonism among veterans using a tertiary medical center.

To better understand the impact of incident Parkinson's disease (PD) on the Veteran's Health Administration (VHA) and to develop methods applicable to future epidemiological research, we performed a medical record review study at a tertiary referral VHA medical center. Searching the local data base, we identified 782 veterans with diagnostic codes for PD or secondary parkinsonism (SP) between 1998 and 2000. Based on structured medical record review, a movement disorders specialist confirmed diagnoses for incident parkinsonism cases. Among the 782, 191 incident parkinsonism cases were identified (100 PD, 75 SP, and 16 Parkinson's Plus). Incident PD cases were older at diagnosis (74.5 vs. 70.4 yr; P < 0.05) and more likely to be white (81% vs. 62; P < 0.07) than incident SP cases. Diagnostic codes were insufficient to distinguish between incident PD and SP (positive predictive value, 57% and 39%, respectively), and VHA sources failed to identify 21% of confirmed deaths among the incident PD cohort by November 2004. Although the large number of incident cases identified suggests PD is an important cause of disability among elderly VHA users, observed limitations of VHA sources for identifying incident PD cases and determining their vital status should be considered when designing future studies.