The dioxin-like pollutant PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl) affects risk factors for cardiovascular disease in female rats

Epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to persistent organic pollutants such as organochlorines might induce cardiovascular disorders and diabetes. Some of these organochlorines, such as dioxins and some dioxin-like PCBs, have been characterised as anti-estrogenic due to their inhibition of estrogenic-induced responses. In the present pilot study, 40 female rats were subjected to either exposure to the dioxin-like 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) or vehicle, as well as ovariectomy (OVX) or sham operation in a 2×2 factorial design over 12 weeks to explore potential interactions between estrogen status and PCB 126 exposure on cardiovascular risk factors.

PCB 126 increased heart weight and serum cholesterol levels in both groups. PCB 126 increased blood pressure in the sham-operated animals only.

In conclusion, PCB 126 exposure in female rats resulted in effects on cardiovascular risk factors, such as serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and heart weight. Of these effects of PCB 126, the increase in blood pressure was dependent on estrogen status.     

Alteration of biochemical profiles after high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin administration in Kawasaki disease

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been used as an immunomodulatory treatment for several immune-mediated diseases. Early effects of high-dose IVIG treatment on biochemical profiles including lipids and proteins were evaluated in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). Twelve children with KD (9 boys) were treated with IVIG at 2 g/kg over a period of 12 h. Serial sera samples were collected from the patients four times: before IVIG treatment and 2 h, 24 h and 7 d after IVIG treatment. The samples were frozen at -20°C before biochemical analysis. A significant decrease in albumin concentration was found 2 h and 24 h after IVIG treatment, but this recovered to the pretreatment level after 7 d. Total cholesterol and triglyceride increased slightly after 7 d. A significant decrease in HDL-cholesterol and C-reactive protein was seen 2 h and 24 h after IVIG treatment.

Conclusion : High-dose IVIG affects immediate changes in protein profiles and HDL-cholesterol in KD. Changes in HDL-cholesterol induced by IVIG may be the result of changes in systemic protein metabolism.     

Serum lipid levels in an Iranian adults population: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Data from 6246 participants aged 20–64 years (2339 males and 3907 females) in the cross-sectional phase of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (February 1999–May 2000) were used to determine distribution of serum lipid levels after 12–14 hour overnight fast. Mean total cholesterol (TC) concentration was 210 mg/dl. TC was significantly greater in females than males, 213 and 206 mg/dl, respectively (p < 0.0001). Thirty-one percent of population had TC values between 200 and 239 and 24% had values of 240 mg/dl or greater. Mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was 129 and 135 mg/dl in males and females, respectively (p < 0.0001). Twenty-seven percent had LDL-C values between 130 and 159 and 23% had values 160 mg/dl or greater. The mean triglycerides (TGs) values were 190 and 162 mg/dl for males and females, respectively (p < 0.0001). The mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was 39 in males and 45 mg/dl in females (p < 0.0001). The results showed higher levels of TC, LDL-C and TGs and slightly lower HDL-C in Tehranian adults than other studies in the industrialized countries.     

Relationship between plasma leptin levels and lipid profiles among school children in Taiwan--the Taipei Children Heart Study

Leptin, an adipose tissue-derived of gene product, is important in energy metabolism. However, the role of leptin in the metabolism of lipids is still not clear in humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of plasma leptin concentrations and lipid profiles among school children in Taiwan. After multistage sampling of 85 junior high schools in Taipei, we randomly selected 1264 children (617 boys and 647 girls) aged 12–16 years for this study. We measured the anthropometric variables, lifestyle factors and biochemical parameters among these children. Anthropometric measurements included body height (BH) and weight (BW) and we calculated body mass index (BMI) as the ratio of the BW to the square of the BH, expressed in kg/m². Plasma leptin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. We also measured lipid profiles including serum total cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1), apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B), and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels, and calculated low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and CHOL to HDL-C ratio (TCHR). Girls had higher leptin, CHOL, TG, HDL-C, (LDL-C), Apo-A1, Apo-B, and Lp(a) levels and lower BMI than boys did. Plasma leptin concentrations were significantly positively correlated with TG, LDL-C, and Apo-B, but negatively with HDL-C and Apo-A1 in both the genders. Children with higher plasma leptin levels (>75th percentiles) have significantly higher TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, TCHR, and Apo-B than those with relatively lower leptin levels. In multivariate regression analyses, the association between plasma leptin level and lipid profiles (such as CHOL, TG, and Apo-B) were still significant (p < 0.05) even after adjusting for BMI among boys. However, this association became attenuated and insignificant among girls. Finally, in the model that included the standard covariates, plasma leptin was the most predictive of CHOL, TG and Apo-B levels among those school children in Taiwan. Our results suggest that plasma leptin and BMI were independently associated with the lipids and lipoprotein profiles among Taiwanese Children. In both genders, children in the top 25% of the leptin distribution have more adverse lipid and lipoprotein profiles.     

2型糖尿病一级亲属糖耐量正常者血糖、血脂、CRP检测及意义

目的探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）一级亲属糖耐量正常者血糖、血脂和c反应蛋白（CRP）的变化，了解T2DM自然病程中一些早期生理改变，提出预防措施．方法选择T2DM一级亲属糖耐量正常者（93名）为试验组，3代无糖尿病家族史健康者（93名）为对照组，对2组的体重指数（BMI）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）、口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGGT）葡萄糖、血脂、CRP观测指标进行比较分析．结果T2DM一级亲属糖耐量正常者与3代无糖尿病家族史的健康者BMI、OGGT试验的30、60、120min血糖及OGTT葡萄糖曲线下面积（GluAUC）、甘油三脂（TG）、CRP比较差异有显著意义．结论T2DM一级亲属糖耐量正常者已存在血糖、血脂、CRP潜在或异常的变化，在糖耐量正常阶段就应该采取糖尿病的综合预防措施，这有助于预防或延缓T2DM的发生．     

储存损伤对血小板超微结构、磷脂及聚集功能的影响

对保存期间血小板脂质、超微结构及功能的改变进行观察分析，探讨储存损伤对血小板的影响。方法２０名健康献血者，常规采血，经二次离心获得浓缩血小板，将每单位浓缩血小板分装成分份，分别编为甲、乙两组，每组２０个样本。甲组于２２℃水平摇保存，分别在３天、天时取样检测；乙组采用ＤＭＳＯ作为防冻剂，终浓度为５％，－８０℃保存，分别在１月、３月、６月时取样测定；采血当天的新鲜血小板为对照组。采用高效液相以谱法（Ｈ     

Relation of lipid peroxides to macrovascular disease in type 2 diabetes.

Lipid peroxides are thought to be formed by free radicals and may play an important role in the development of atheromatous vascular disease. We have investigated the relationship between lipids, lipoproteins, coagulation factors, and lipid peroxides (measured as thiobarbituric acid reacting species (TBARS) in Type 2 diabetic patients with macrovascular disease. Eighteen diabetic and 20 non-diabetic subjects with clinical evidence of ischaemic heart disease and/or peripheral vascular disease were investigated, together with 28 healthy subjects without evidence of vascular disease. TBARS concentrations in non-diabetic (mean 5.0 (95% Cl 4.5-5.7) mumol l-1) and diabetic groups (5.6 (5.1-6.0) mumol l-1) with macrovascular disease were not significantly different although values were higher in both groups of patients with vascular disease by comparison with control subjects (2.7 (2.4-3.1) mumol l-1, p less than 0.001). Significant univariate correlations between TBARS concentrations and measures of blood glucose control (fructosamine, blood glucose and HbA1) were found for all 66 subjects (r = 0.35-0.42, p less than 0.01-p less than 0.001), although no independent association between these parameters and TBARS was demonstrated in multiple regression analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

血尿酸与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的相关性研究

目的 探讨血尿酸水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）的相关性.方法 选择104例冠心病患者分为稳定型心绞痛组30例、不稳定型心绞痛组43例、急性心肌梗死组31例,选择冠脉造影检查正常者21例为对照组,测定并比较各组血尿酸、肌酐、尿素氮及血脂水平,分析血尿酸水平与冠心病之间的关系.结果 冠心病组血尿酸、肌酐、尿素氮水平均高于正常对照组[（410.59±81.83）μmol/L比（289.95±42.30）μmol/L,（94.62±32.91）mmol/L比（74.76±6.32）mmol/L,（5.75±1.57）μmol/L比（4.82±0.91）μmol/L],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;冠心病亚组间,稳定型心绞痛组、不稳定型心绞痛组、急性心肌梗死组血尿酸、肌酐、尿素氮水平依次升高[（311.68±78.85）μmol/L、（420.09±85.70）μmol/L和（476.65±68.65）μmol/L,（80.66±13.67）mmol/L、（92.35±16.90）mmol/L和（109.71±45.32）mmol/L,（4.95±1.35）μmol/L、（5.89±1.26）μmol/L和（7.27±1.80）μmol/L],两两比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.经Spearman秩相关分析显示,血尿酸水平与尿素氮、肌酐、甘油三酯呈正相关（rs=0.239、0.367、0.213,P＜0.05）,与高密度脂蛋白呈负相关（rs=-0.347,P＜0.05）,而与总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白无明显相关性（rs=-0.33,0.139,P＞0.05）.结论 血尿酸水平与冠心病及其危险因素密切相关,且与冠心病严重程度呈正相关,其水平升高是冠心病发生的重要危险因素之一,可对冠心病患者病情及预后起警示作用.     

科素亚对高血压病患者胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的：探讨科素亚对高血压病患者胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法：选２５ 例高血压病患者取空服静脉血测定血脂、血尿酸、血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ，并行口服葡萄糖耐量试验，测血糖及血浆胰岛素， 之后服用科素亚５０～１００ ｍ ｇ／ｄ，共４ 周，于第４ 周重复上述检查及葡萄糖耐量试验，并用血糖、血浆胰岛素来计算空腹血浆胰岛素与血糖比值（Ｉ／Ｇ）、糖耐量曲线下面积（ＡＶＣＢＧ）、胰岛素释放曲线下面积（ＡＶＣＩＳ）来比较治疗前后有无显著差异。结果：科素亚治疗后高血压病患者血糖及血浆胰岛素、，血糖比值（Ｉ／Ｇ）、，糖耐量曲线下面积、，胰岛素释放曲线下面积均较服药前明显下降。结论：科素亚能改善高血压病患者胰岛素抵抗     

73例脂肪肝患者血液流变学和血脂指标的检测及其分析

探讨脂肪肝患者血液流变学指标的变化及其在临床诊断和治疗上的应用。方法：测定７３例脂肪肝患者和与之年龄及性别相匹配的７２例正常对照组血液流变学和血脂指标，并对结果进行统计学分析研究。结果脂肪肝患者组高、中、低切粘度，血浆粘度，纤维蛋白原、红细胞压积和血脂指标均显著高于对照组。