胃减容术3种机械通气对患者氧合情况的比较

目的：探讨病态肥胖患者行腹腔镜胃减容术时，3种机械通气参数对患者氧合情况的影响。方法：选择行腹腔镜胃减容术的病态肥胖24例，按手术时间顺序分为3组，每组8例。A组：潮气量12ml／kg，呼吸频率10次／min；B组：潮气量20ml／kg，呼吸频率10次／min；C组：潮气量12ml／kg，呼吸频率20次／min。分别于气腹前（T1）、气腹后（T2）抽取动脉血测量pH、PO2、PCO2、Plat（平台压）、Peak（峰压）、AaDO2（肺泡-动脉氧分压差）。结果：气腹后B组Plat（33．2±1．8）cmH2O、Peak（36．3±1．6）cmH2O显著高于A组Plat（29．5±3．9）cmH2O（q=3．053，P〈0．05）、Peak（33．0±2．9）cmH2O（q：2．823，P〈0．05）和C组Plat（28．0±4，1）cmH2O（q：4．290，P〈0．05）、Peak（31．8±2．8）cmH2O（q：4．704，P〈0．05）。其他观察指标无统计学差异。结论：病态肥胖患者在腹腔镜下施行胃减容术时，加大潮气量20ml／kg或加快呼吸频率20次／min不能改善患者的氧合情况。     

非单极电刀器械在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的:探讨非单极电刀器械在安装心脏起搏器、心脏支架或体内有其他金属物体的胆囊疾病患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中的应用。方法:总结2000年以来收治的安装心脏起搏器、心脏支架或体内有其他金属物体胆囊疾病患者48例,用超声刀、百克剪、LigaSure、双极电刀行LC,同时随机选取单极电刀下无心脏起搏器、心脏支架或体内其他金属物体LC 15例为对照组。病例分为超声刀组、百克剪组、LigaSure组、双极电刀组、单极电刀组。对4组的手术时间、出血量等进行统计学分析,比较非单极电刀器械在安装心脏起搏器、心脏支架或体内有其他金属物体胆囊疾病患者行LC中的应用优势。结果:超声刀组、百克剪组、LigaSure组、双极电刀组无一例患者术中出现心电监测异常或发生心脏严重并发症,手术时间、术中出血量等明显少于高频电刀组。结论:非单极电刀在安装心脏起搏器、心脏支架或体内有其他金属物体的胆囊疾病患者行LC是安全可行的,且超声刀、百克剪、LigaSure在手术时间、术中出血量等明显优于高频电刀组。     

肝胆管结石的内镜治疗

目的探讨纤维胆道镜、十二指肠镜治疗肝胆管残留结石的疗效. 方法回顾分析1985年2月～2004年6月纤维胆道镜治疗573例,十二指肠镜治疗36例的临床资料. 结果经T管窦道用纤维胆道镜取石,取净率96.02%(507/528);经皮经肝纤维胆道镜置镜成功率84.21%(16/19),结石取净率78.95%(15/19);经皮下盲袢纤维胆道镜取石取净率84.62%(22/26).经十二指肠镜胆道造影成功率91.67%(33/36),结石取净率80.56%(29/36). 结论纤维胆道镜、十二指肠镜治疗肝内胆管残留结石和复发结石有效、便捷.     

CASE OF FASCIOLIASIS: EXTRACTION WITH ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOGRAPHY

Fascioliasis is a worldwide zoonotic infection with fasciola hepatica and fasciola gigantica. The zoonoses are particularly endemic in sheep‐raising countries and are also endemic in Turkey. Clinical features of fascioliasis relate to the stage and intensity of infection. Fasciola hepatica infection comprises two stages: hepatic and biliary, with different signs and symptoms. Cholestatic symptoms may be sudden, but, in some cases, they may be preceded by a long period of fever, eosinophilia and vague gastrointestinal symptoms. We reported a case with fever and upper‐quadrant abdominal pain since 3 months that comes from an area endemic for fasciola hepatica, with suspected imaging about fasciola hepatica in common bile duct on ultrasonography. After that, fasciola hepatica was extracted with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.     

Laparoscopic Versus Open Renal Procurement for Pediatric Recipients of Living Donor Renal Transplantation

Despite reports demonstrating the safety of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) for pediatric recipients of renal transplants, recent evidence has challenged using LDN for recipients 5 years of age or younger. We retrospectively reviewed the records of all pediatric recipients of living donor renal transplants from September 2000 through August 2004. We compared those who received allografts recovered by LDN (n = 34) with those recovered by open donor nephrectomy (ODN, n = 26). Outcomes of interest included operative complications, postoperative renal function, the incidence of delayed graft function or episodes of acute rejection and long-term graft function. Donor and recipient demographic data were similar for the LDN and ODN groups. Serum creatinine and calculated creatinine clearance were not significantly different between groups both in the early postoperative period and at long-term follow-up (p > 0.142). Rates of delayed graft function and acute rejection did not differ between groups. Among recipients aged 5 years old or younger stratified by donor technique (9 LDN, 5 ODN recipients), no difference was noted in graft outcomes both early and long-term (p > 0.079). At our center, pediatric LDN recipients have graft outcomes comparable to those of ODN recipients. At experienced centers, we recommend continued use of LDN for pediatric recipients of all ages.     

腹腔镜辅助下大隐静脉隔绝术治疗大隐静脉曲张60例

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助下大隐静脉隔绝术的疗效。方法2000年1月～2004年1月对60例66条大隐静脉曲张腹腔镜辅助下行大隐静脉隔绝术,腹腔镜辅助下高位结扎、电灼大腿段大隐静脉,阻断其小腿段所有属支及交通支,使大隐静脉与体循环隔绝。结果手术时间30～60min,(50±9)min;术后住院时间3～5d,(3.5±0.6)d。60例随访1～36个月,平均28个月,无复发。结论腹腔镜辅助下大隐静脉隔绝术创伤小,疗效好,复发率低,是治疗大隐静脉曲张的理想术式。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术前超声内镜检查胆总管必要性的探讨

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）术前超声内镜（endoscopic ultrasonography,EUS）检查胆总管的临床价值。方法 对25例术前经腹超声检查诊断胆囊结石,胆总管内径〉0.7 cm可疑胆总管梗阻的患者进行EUS检查,并与手术结果或内镜十二指肠乳头切开术（endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST）取石结果进行比较。结果 EUS对于胆总管病变诊断的敏感性、准确性和阴性预测值[100%（17/17）、92%（23/25）、100%（6/6）]均优于经腹超声[35%（6/17）、56%（14/25）、42%（8/19）]（P=0.000,0.008,0.020）。结论EUS对胆总管病变诊断优于经腹超声检查,可作为术前常规检查,特别是当胆总管内径〉1.0 cm时,EUS应作为术前必检项目。     

腹腔镜X线联合经胆囊管胆总管网篮取石的探讨

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术时在X线透视下经胆囊管胆总管网篮取石的可行性。方法：2002年6月至2006年10月85例患者术前均经B超诊断为胆囊结石,伴胆总管扩张、胆总管结石。术中于腹腔镜下经胆囊管、胆总管造影,胆道镜取石网篮,在C臂机透视下用胆道镜网篮取石后经胆囊管取出。结果：85例患者经胆总管造影发现胆总管结石26例,经胆囊管胆总管网篮取石成功21例。3例因胆总管损伤中转开腹。2例腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石T管引流。结论：胆囊结石伴胆总管结石在X线透视下,正确掌握手术操作技巧,经胆囊管胆总管网篮取石可一次完成,术后效果满意。     

An inexpensive ex-vivo porcine laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication training model.

BACKGROUND: We recently implemented the use of an ex-vivo porcine model to teach residents the fundamentals of performing a laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. METHODS: Residents were trained using intact porcine esophagus, stomach, and spleen placed in a standard video-trainer. They were later asked to complete a survey containing a course evaluation. RESULTS: Sixteen residents (R1-R4) completed the survey. They agreed that (1) the exercise was a valuable use of their limited time, (2) repeating the exercise will be of additional benefit, (3) it will improve their ability to perform or assist in an actual case in the OR, and (4) the surgical principles learned using the model will transfer to other laparoscopic cases. Significant subjective improvements were reported in resident comfort level in assisting in or performing a laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. CONCLUSIONS: The use of an inexpensive ex-vivo porcine training model increases resident comfort level in performing a Nissen fundoplication in the operating room.