载阿霉素液-固相变凝胶治疗HIFU消融兔VX2残余瘤

目的 研究载阿霉素液-固相变型原位凝胶(DOX凝胶)治疗高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)消融兔VX2肿瘤后残余瘤的作用.方法 制备DOX凝胶,高效液相色谱法测定其体外释药率.建立兔VX2皮下移植瘤模型,HIFU不全消融后瘤内注射DOX凝胶进行治疗.对空白组、对照组(HIFU+无药凝胶)及治疗组(HIFU+ DOX凝胶)治疗4、8d后,测量肿瘤体积,观察HE染色,免疫组化和TUNEL法检测肿瘤细胞增殖和凋亡.结果 DOX凝胶体外累积释药率为(78.92±4.68)％.治疗后,治疗组肿瘤体积较其他组小(P＜0.05),HE染色可见消融坏死区及少量肿瘤细胞,细胞增殖指数较其他组低(P＜0.05),而凋亡指数较高(P＜0.05).结论 DOX凝胶能有效治疗HIFU消融后的残余瘤,有望成为HIFU消融肿瘤后残余瘤的治疗及预防复发的新手段.     

Newly Developed Equipment and Methods in the Treatment of BPH: Analysis of Present Status

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common disease among the aged male population. A variety of symptoms are mainly caused by obstructive changes at the prostatic urethra. Transurethral resection (TURP) has been the gold standard of treatment, but new equipment and methods such as TUMT, HIFU, TUNA, and laser prostatectomy have been developed and are being tested for clinical application. Our experience with new equipment and methods show that their effectiveness has yet to be conclusively evaluated by objective parameters, while subjective improvements have been seen with less invasive treatments such as TUMT, HIFU and TUNA. Laser prostatectomy confirmed its advantages in hemostasis but comparison of each treatment is difficult because of different pathological changes created by different energy sources shown by MRI. Further studies are required to examine the new equipment and methods and for identification of the treatment of choice for BPH.     

经直肠高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗良性前列腺增生的临床研究

目的探讨经直肠高强度聚焦超声（high-intensity focused ultrasound，HIFU）治疗良性前列腺增生（BPH）的有效性和安全性。方法对150例BPH患者采用Sonablate 500型“经直肠超声聚能刀”进行前列腺消融术。在术前、术后30min，1、2、6和12个月，经直肠超声观察前列腺和前列腺部尿道的影像学变化，通过尿液分析、国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）、生活质量评分（QOL）、最大尿流率（Qmax）和残余尿量（PVR）进行疗效评估，同时观察术后并发症。23例术后12个月行排尿期膀胱尿道造影。结果对143例进行了12个月的观察随访，术后IPSS评分和QOL评分降低，PVR减少，Qmax明显提高（P〈0．01），前列腺体积缩小（P〈0．05）。前列腺消融时间25—90min。术后留置尿管时间为3—19d，7例术后反复排尿困难、药物治疗效果不佳者行TURP手术，3例患者出现附睾炎，1例术后15d发生尿道直肠瘘。术后经直肠超声观察和膀胱尿道造影，证实术后前列腺部尿道较术前明显增宽。结论“经直肠超声聚能刀”前列腺消融术，能对前列腺组织进行选择性破坏，具有微创（无血手术）、安全和并发症少等优点。对前列腺中叶增生明显者可联合TURP治疗。“经直肠超声聚能刀”治疗BPH近期疗效满意，远期疗效有待进一步观察。     

Evaluation of color Doppler in guiding prostate biopsy after HIFU ablation

OBJECTIVE: Transrectal ultrasound cannot accurately depict early cancer recurrences after prostate high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation. We evaluated transrectal color Doppler (CD) in guiding post-HIFU prostate biopsy. METHODS: Prostate CD-guided sextant biopsies were obtained in 82 patients who had undergone prostate HIFU ablation for cancer, 24 of whom had hormone therapy before the treatment. At the time of biopsy, a subjective CD score was given to all biopsy sites (0=no flow; 1=minimal flow; 2=suspicious flow pattern). CD findings were compared with biopsy results. RESULTS: CD was a significant predictor of biopsy findings, according to univariate and multivariate site-by-site analysis. However, only 36 of 94 sites with residual cancer had positive CD findings, and thus, negative CD findings should not preclude random biopsy. There was a significant interaction between CD diagnostic capability and a history of hormone therapy before HIFU treatment. CD was a significant and independent predictor of biopsy findings in patients who had not received hormone therapy (odds ratio: 4.4; 95%CI: 2.5-7.9; p<0.0001), but not in those who had (odds ratio: 1.3; 95%CI: 0.5-3.4; p>0.5). CONCLUSION: Biopsy taken in CD-positive sites were 4.4 times more likely to contain cancer in patients who did not receive hormone therapy. CD could not reliably depict cancer recurrence in patients with history of hormone therapy.     

高强度聚焦超声治疗胰腺癌疼痛的疗效观察

目的探讨高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗胰腺癌疼痛的疗效。方法对37例胰腺癌患者在HIFU治疗后疼痛程度采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)进行评分,对疗效进行分析。结果 HIFU治疗前平均疼痛的VAS评分为5.18±1.36,治疗后平均疼痛的评分为4.37±1.43,二者差异有统计学意义,止痛总有效率为100%。全部患者全部没有不良反应发生。结论 HIFU治疗胰腺癌能控制肿瘤进展,有效缓解疼痛,提高生活质量。     

基于磁共振温度图的高强度聚焦超声治疗热剂量研究

本实验研究基于磁共振T-Map的HIFU损伤组织的热剂量与实际凝固性坏死的关系。运用磁共振导航高强度聚焦超声治疗系统,使用1 MHz、焦距为150 mm、直径150 mm的聚焦超声换能器,定点辐照深度为20 mm的新鲜离体牛肝脏,辐照过程中用磁共振的测温序列采集各体素随时间变化的温度值并计算各体素的Eq43值,比较计算结果与发生凝固性坏死的Eq43参考阈值,判断该体素是否发生坏死。最后比较通过等效热剂量积分法得到的凝固性坏死面积和组织实际发生坏死的情况。结果表明基于磁共振T-Map的等效热剂量积分法得到的凝固性坏死的面积值能很好的反应实际发生凝固性坏死的情况,为HIFU治疗提供了一种新的判断凝固性坏死发生的方法,这种方法可以实时地反馈控制超声辐照剂量,提高了治疗的安全性。     

新型HIFU治疗头的研究

目的:肿瘤治疗中,焦区温度的实时监控和焦区体积的预测非常重要。本文旨在解决在超声治疗过程中对焦区的精确定位和对系统的声输出实现精确的实时控制的问题。方法:设计一种新型治疗头,通过在聚焦透镜上固定检测探头并整合计算机控制系统及超声图文信息管理系统。结果:不仅能实现对病灶的精确定位,并能对病灶进行实时的判断和治疗,从而实现治疗可控化。结论:新型治疗头设计的提出,可以实现对肿瘤的精确治疗的和在治疗过程中的实时检控。对HIFU治疗头的设计和研制有借鉴意义。     

镇静镇痛方案用于高强度聚焦超声治疗子宫肌瘤的临床研究

目的 评价阶梯式逐步给药的镇静、镇痛方案用于高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）治疗子宫肌瘤的安全性和可行性.方法 82例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级的子宫肌瘤患者,在采用阶梯式逐步给药的镇静镇痛方案进行镇静和镇痛的条件下,用HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤.结果 82例患者镇静深度Ramsy评级平均值为（2.58±0.62）分,无镇静评级大于4级,无苏醒延迟.82例患者疼痛评分平均值为（3.43±0.70）分,评分低于4分的患者80例,镇痛有效率为97.6% （80/82）.治疗中的平均动脉压、心率、氧饱和度,与治疗前比较差异无显著性.呼吸平均次数治疗中较治疗前下降,差异有显著性.结论 阶梯式逐步用药的镇静、镇痛方案,用于HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤是安全和可行的.     

A Tissue Mimicking Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Phantom for Visualizing Thermal Lesions Generated by High Intensity Focused Ultrasound

An optically transparent tissue-mimicking (TM) phantom whose acoustic properties are close to those of tissue was constructed for visualizing therapeutic effects by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). The TM phantom was designed to improve a widely used standard bovine serum albumin (BSA) polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAG), which attenuated ultrasound far less than tissue and, unlike tissue, did not scatter ultrasound. A modified recipe has been proposed in the study by adding scattering glass beads with diameters of 40–80 μm (0.002% w/v) and by raising the concentration of acrylamide (30% v/v). The TM BSA-PAG constructed has an acoustic impedance of 1.67 MRayls, a speed of sound of 1576 m/s, an attenuation coefficient of 0.52 dB/cm at 1 MHz, a backscattering coefficient of 0.242 × 10⁻³ 1/sr/cm at 1 MHz and a nonlinear parameter (B/A) of 5.7. These parameters are close to those of liver. The thermal and optical properties are almost the same as the standard BSA-PAG. The characteristic features of the thermal lesions by HIFU were observed to be more accurately visualized in the TM BSA-PAG than in the standard BSA-PAG. In conclusion, the proposed TM BSA-PAG acoustically mimics tissue better than the standard BSA-PAG and is expected to be preferentially used for assuring if a clinical HIFU device produces the thermal lesion as planned.     

高能聚焦超声对肝癌患者免疫功能的影响

目的：通过检测T淋巴细胞亚群和IgG、IgM、IgA、C3、C4的变化．探讨高能聚焦超声(HIFU)对肝癌患者免疫功能的影响。方法：采用HIFU治疗中晚期肝癌患者45例．分别在治疗前、治疗后第7、14天取外周血检测细胞免疫和体液免疫功能,并对6例经HIFU治疗后的肝穿活检标本进行病理检查。结果：病理结果显示HIFU治疗区内癌组织发生不可逆损伤;细胞免疫和体液免疫功能在治疗前后无显著性差异。结论：HIFU能有效破坏肝癌组织．但不能明显改善病人的免疫状态．应配合免疫治疗、提高生存期。