庆大霉素雾化吸入对重型颅脑损伤大鼠AM吞噬功能的影响

目的研究庆大霉素雾化吸入对重型颅脑损伤(severeheadinjury,SHI)大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞(alveolarmacrophage,AM)吞噬功能的影响。方法采用大鼠颅脑局部气压冲击伤模型,将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、对照组和实验组。正常组不予任何处理,观察24h处死动物。对照组动物创伤后给予单纯生理盐水雾化吸入。实验组动物创伤后给予生理盐水+庆大霉素4万U雾化吸入。分别于1、3、7d处死动物,用支气管肺泡灌洗获取标本。用白色念珠菌法观察AM的吞噬率。结果实验组AM吞噬率为(0.415±0.089),在7d时明显低于对照组(0.560±0.075),P<0.001。结论庆大霉素长期雾化吸入可降低AM吞噬率。     

庆大霉素影响胆红素结石形成的实验研究

本实验动态观察了庆大霉素对胆红素结石兔模型的氧自由基、前列膜素Ｅ２及胆红素结石等的影响。发现肝细胞部分氧自由基与前裂腺素Ｅ２、胆红素结石成石程度等指标在治疗组均低于非治疗组，且其动态变化相信，并呈正相关关系。提示庆大霉素可能通过其抗菌作用减少了白细胞产生氧自由基，致前列腺素Ｆ２生成减少，降低了粘（糖）蛋白的分泌，最终导致了胆红素结石生成减少。     

双瓶静脉滴注法的药代动力学

本文提出了双瓶静脉滴注法的二种用药方案。按本法用药,可以使血药浓度迅速达到并维持在坪值的±10%之间而不出现低浓度或超高浓度时相。将两只输液瓶串联,使输入体内的药量在用药初期随时间呈指数函数衰减并渐趋恒定。根据药物的动力学参数,可方便地求算出两瓶所需药量及药物浓度。通过以庆大霉素对12只家犬及8例志愿者验证性用药,证实了本法的优越。文章给出了双瓶法的数学证明。     

Serum levels of ampicillin and gentamycin in neonates of varying gestational age

Serum concentrations of gentamycin and ampicillin were investigated at loading and in steady state in two groups of neonates, of 26–33 weeks and 34–40 weeks gestation. At loading the usual intravenous dose of gentamycin (2.5 mg/kg) was increased by 50%, the usual intravenous dose of ampicillin (50 mg/kg) by 100%. Gentamycin and ampicillin were administered subsequently at the same intervals, 12 h in the 34–40 weeks group, and 18 h in the 26–33 weeks group. Adequate serum levels were achieved from the first day of treatment. For practical reasons ampicillin and gentamycin can be administered subsequently at identical intervals also when the intervals exceed 12 h. The ideal dosing interval for gentamycin in very preterm neonates is 24 h. When treating small preterm and term neonates with an aminoglycoside, rapid serum concentration analyses should be available, and the treatment modified accordingly.Abbreviations MIC minimal inhibitory concentration - EMIT enzyme immunologic method     

硫酸庆大霉素片含量测定的不确定度评估

目的以统计学为工具建立硫酸庆大霉素片含量测定(微生物检定法)的测量不确定度评估方法。方法通过建立数学模型,找出影响其不确定度的因素,并对其不确定度各分量进行分析计算,最后计算出合成标准不确定度Uc和扩展不确定度U95。结果硫酸庆大霉素片含量测定结果可表示为(98.6±3.2)%;k=2。结论本文所建立的方法可用于该制剂含量的不确定度的评估。     

中国耳鼻咽喉颅底外科杂志作者稿件学术不端常见问题分析

目的观察针刺内听宫穴对庆大霉素致聋大鼠听力的改善作用。方法20只成年大鼠平均分为4组,庆大霉素组每日上午腹腔注射庆大霉素100mg／kg,连续14d;内听宫组庆大霉素给药方法同庆大霉素组,自腹腔注射庆大霉素第1天开始,隔日下午进行针刺内听宫穴,共10次;听宫组庆大霉素给药方法同庆大霉素组,自腹腔注射庆大霉素第1天开始,隔日下午进行针刺听宫穴,共10次;对照组每日上午腹腔注射等剂量生理盐水,共10次。分析实验前、实验14d及20d各组大鼠听性脑干反应阈,评价各组大鼠听力情况。结果庆大霉素组的听性脑干反应阈明显高于内听宫组、听宫组及对照组,内听宫组与听宫组听性脑干反应阈比较无明显差异。结论针刺内听宫穴及听宫穴均可在一定程度上降低庆大霉素致聋大鼠听性脑干反应阈,减轻庆大霉素耳毒性,缓解药物对听力的损害作用,是治疗药物性耳聋的有效穴位。     

硫酸钙/庆大霉素、硫酸钙/聚乳酸/庆大霉素释药系统的制备与特性分析

目的构建新型骨植入型抗生素释放系统,硫酸钙／庆大霉素、硫酸钙／聚乳酸／庆大霉素释药系统,探讨抗生素释放系统的制备可行性。方法以自行研制的硫酸钙或硫酸钙与聚乳酸的复合物作为抗生素载体,构建抗生素释放系统,对其进行电镜扫描,晶体衍射分析和体外降解实验以分析其构成特点、理化特性和降解特点。结果所构建的抗生素释药系统主要成分为二水硫酸钙,具有初始的生物力学抗压缩强度,具有一定的孔隙率,硫酸钙／聚乳酸／庆大霉素中,聚乳酸对硫酸钙形成包裹。体外可降解,硫酸钙／聚乳酸／庆大霉素降解时间长于硫酸钙／庆大霉素。结论以硫酸钙和硫酸钙聚乳酸复合物作为载体构建抗生素释放系统能够满足药物释放和骨内植入的要求,具有制备的可行性。     

The transduction of mechanical force into biochemical events in bone cells may involve activation of phospholipase A2

Summary Mechanical forces applied to cultured bone cells induce the production of cAMP via stimulation of the formation of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and its release into the medium, resulting in stimulation of adenylate cyclase. In this paper we show that either the antibiotic gentamycin (100 μg/ml) or antiphospholipid antibodies (0.1%) which bind to membrane phospholipids abolish cAMP formation induced by mechanical forces; exogenously added arachidonic acid or PGE₂ stimulates cAMP formation, even in the presence of these agents. Addition of exogenous phospholipase A₂ (but not phospholipase C) causes an increase in the formation of cAMP in bone cells, a response that is also inhibited by gentamycin or antiphospholipase antibodies. These observations suggest that mechanical forces exert their effect on bone cells via the following chain of events: (1) activation of phospholipase A₂, (2) release of arachidonic acid, (3) increased PGE synthesis, (4) augmented cAMP production.     

鲎试法检查硫酸庞大霉素注射液热原的探讨

本文通过稀释４０倍后的硫酸庆大霉素注射液对鲎试法凝集反应过程的干扰试验，证明稀释后硫酸庆大霉素注射液对鲎试剂的灵敏度（λ＝０．５ＥＵ／ｍｌ）无干扰作用（未超出±２λ，可以用鲎试法代替传统的家兔法进行热原检查或进行初试筛选。本实验建立的方法大大提高了热原检查的效率和灵敏度，对实际工作特别是药品生产企业具有很大指导意义。     

Prospective, randomized trial examining the role of gentamycin-containing collagen sponge in the reduction of postoperative morbidity in rectal cancer patients: early results and surprising outcome at 3-year follow-up

Objective The study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the gentamycin collagen sponge placed in the pelvic cavity after excision of rectal cancer in view of postoperative complications and the risk of cancer recurrence.Methods A total of 229 patients were recruited into the study and randomized into two groups: GRM(+), in which a gentamycin collagen sponge was used, and GRM(–), without the sponge. Tumors were resected using a TME technique. In the GRM(+) group, the sponge was placed into the tumor bed.Results Analysis covered 218 patients for whom all follow-up data were available. There were fewer early postoperative complications in the GRM(+) group: 20.7 vs. 37.5%; p=0.044. This effect was found mainly in patients with surgery lasting longer than 3 h. After 36 months follow-up, the overall survival after R0 resection for the GRM(+) and GRM(–) groups was: 88.66 vs. 73.96%. There was significant reduction in the distant metastasis rate in favor of the GRM(+) group.Conclusion The use of the gentamycin collagen sponge after excision of rectal cancer is safe and reduces the rate of early postoperative complications. The reasons for the lower rate of distant metastasis in the GRM(+) group are not clear, but the patients enjoy significant survival benefits.