城乡社区精神分裂症患者家属的家庭负担对照研究

为了了解城乡结合区精神分裂症患者家庭负担现状及城乡患者之间家庭负担的区别，采用ＦＩＳ和ＤＡＳ量表分别对病例组和对照组患者及其主要照顾者进行调查，分析，结果发现，病例组家庭负担明显高于对照组，经济负担农村高于城市，而主观负担城市高于农村，病例组ＦＩＳ与ＤＡＳ密切相关，某些ＦＩＳ单项分布与病程相关，表明精神分裂患者确实给家庭带来明显的客观和主观负担，客观负担与患者的社会功能密切相关，主观负担与家属的态     

上海城市社区老年人生殖保健需求分析

目的:了解上海城市社区老年人生殖保健需求的特点。方法:对20个居民区35例老年人、20例服务人员进行访谈;对116例老年人进行结构式问卷调查。结果:31.9％的老年人自诉患有生殖系统疾病,23.3％担心患有生殖系统疾病,53.4％对性生活无兴趣,46.6％没有性生活,48.4％性生活中遇到困难。83.2％的老年人在遇到生殖系统问题时首选到医院就诊。表示会参加专门为老年人提供的生殖系统健康检查、有兴趣与异性老人结伴活动,以及希望社区提供有关老年人生殖保健方面的宣传、咨询服务的老年男性比例明显高于女性,分别为68.2％:32％、40.9％:24％、48.5％:38％。结论;老年人当中存在着大量潜在的生殖保健需求,而目前的老年生殖保健需求层次还较低,重点仍是生殖系统疾病的治疗;老年男性希望获得生殖保健服务的愿望比老年女性更为强烈。     

大学生家庭环境因素与社交、焦虑的关系研究

目的 探讨家庭环境因素对大学生社交、焦虑状态的影响。方法 采用家庭环境量表(FES)，社交苦恼及回避量表(SAD)，交往焦虑量表(LAS)，焦虑自评量表(SAS)，社交焦虑量表(SASS)，对121名大学生进行了测查分析。结果 家庭成员的亲密度、独立性、组织性与IAS、SAD总分及其焦虑和回避因子分、SAS、SASS得分均呈显著负相关，道德宗教观与IAS、SAD总分及其焦虑和回避因子分、SAS呈显著负相关，成功性与SAD总分及其焦虑和回避因子分、SAS呈显著负相关，情感表达SAS呈显著负相关；而矛盾性与IAS、SAD总分及其回避因子分、SAS得分呈显著正相关，控制性与SAS、SASS得分呈显著正相关。结论 不良家庭环埔因素是影响大学生社交、焦虑状态的危险因素。     

柳州市小学三、四年级学生心理健康与其家庭环境的相关分析

目的：了解三、四年级小学生心理健康状况，探讨小学生心理健康与家庭环境因素关系。方法：采用小学生心理健康诊断测验（MHT）和家庭环境量表（FES）对柳州市四所小学三、四年级1781名小学生的心理健康状况及其家庭环境进行调查。结果：家庭环境中的亲密度、情感表达、知识性、娱乐性、道德宗教、组织性与心理健康问题因子呈负相关关系；家庭环境中的矛盾性、独立性、成功性、控制性与心理健康问题因子呈正相关关系；多元回归分析发现家庭环境中的亲密度、情感表达、知识性、娱乐性、组织性对三、四年级小学生心理健康有积极影响；家庭环境中的矛盾性、独立性、成功性、道德宗教、控制性对三、四年级小学生心理健康有消极影响。结论：家庭环境对三、四年级小学生心理健康水平有重要影响。     

The influence of clinical problems, age and social support on outcomes for elderly persons referred to regional aged care assessment teams

Abstract Background: Aged Care Assessment Teams (ACATs) have been established throughout Australia during the past seven years. Early studies of their effect have concentrated on their impact on the rate of institutionalisation of disabled elderly, the clinical characteristics of referred cases and the relationship between disability and recommended care plan. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between age, clinical features and social characteristics of AC AT subjects with outcomes at 12 months after assessment. Methods: The examination of an arbitrary sample of persons referred to ACATs over a year by one generalist geriatrician with follow-up of all cases by the three ACATs associated with the study was carried out. All analyses were performed on raw data presented as categorical variables in the form of contingency tables. Results: The sample included 324 subjects who suffered from 2030 clinical problems with a mean of 6.5 per person aged 75 or over and 5.5 for those under 75. Cardiovascular and neurological disease were the commonest source of problems. Study of accommodation outcome at 12 months, for those subjects who survived this period revealed that, in the older group, over 60% of subjects with neurological disease were resident in nursing homes while the majority of all other groups remained in the community, as did two-thirds of those aged under 75. Admission to a nursing home was independent of social support for older subjects with neurological disease, but it played a significant role in those with cardiopulmonary or musculoskeletal disease. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that for one-year survivors there is an increased likelihood of admission to a nursing home of people aged 75 or over with neurological disease, while those under 75 were more likely to remain at home. The association was independent of whether spouse, family or friends were living with the subject. (Aust NZ J Med 1994; 24: 378–385.)     

银屑病患者心理卫生状况与家庭功能的相关性研究

目的通过对60例银屑病患者的心理卫生状况和其家庭功能进行调查,揭示家庭功能与患者心理状况的关系.方法采用家庭Apqar调查表和症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行随机问卷调查,将高功能家庭与失职家庭的SCL-90各项的数据进行比较.结果高功能家庭患者的身心问题较低功能家庭的少,高功能家庭的患者能积极地对待疾病和生活,有利于疾病的康复,并提高了生活质量.结论护理人员应做好家属的宣教工作,使家属重视银屑病患者的心理需要,努力去了解患者的心理变化,并给予及时的帮助,以促进患者早日康复.     

How do family practitioners perceive surgery for the morbidly obese?

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the level of knowledge and comfort with bariatric surgery among family practice physicians. METHODS: Surveys were sent to all family practitioners in Connecticut querying the practice type and knowledge of bariatric surgery. The results were analyzed for the prevalence of opinion. RESULTS: Of 620 surveys sent out, 129 (21%) were completed. Of the 129 respondents, 73% were men, aged 31-79 years, and 92% were board certified, with an average of 19 years' experience. The average body mass index of respondents was 26 kg/m2 (range 16-40). Only 4% of respondents had a body mass index >30 kg/m2. Physicians reported a patient obesity rate of 43%. Of the 129 respondents, 88% believed obesity was difficult to control with diet and exercise alone. Only 6% thought obesity was best controlled surgically. Also, 85% of respondents had referred a patient for gastric bypass, although only 57% were comfortable explaining the procedure. The most common reason for refusal to refer was fear of complications and death. Additionally, 55% correctly listed a body mass index of 40 kg/m2 as qualifying for bariatric surgery without comorbidities; 48% identified the mortality rate of surgery as <1%, with 4% of respondents reporting >10%; and 84% were familiar with gastric bypass, 66% with LapBand, 33% with vertical banded gastroplasty, and 5% with duodenal switch. The respondents believed that nausea was the most common side effect, followed by anemia and fatigue. Finally, 53% believed bowel obstruction was common. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study have shown that misconceptions about bariatric surgery exist in the family practice community despite the increasing frequency of these procedures. Educational programs need to be designed to assist family practitioners in treating and referring obese patients.     

农村已婚育龄妇女节育措施落实状况调查

<正> 计划生育工作的重点在农村。为了解农村妇女节育措施落实情况,提高节育、避孕率及避孕效果,     

儿童感觉统合失调及其影响因素的调查分析

目的 研究儿童感觉统合失调与学习障碍及环境因素的关系。方法 采用感觉统合评定量表和学习障碍(PRS)筛查量表，分别对755名学龄儿童进行检测、分析。结果 感觉统合严重失调率为13．25％；感觉统合正常与失调儿童的学习障碍有统计学差异(P＜0．005)；其中在LD儿童中感觉统合失调率占63．51％；感觉统合失调与母孕期的情绪、是否足月顺产、出生后的喂养方式、居住环境、孩子1岁内有无高热、家长对孩子的态度及期待等因素有关(P＜0．05)。结论 儿童感觉统合失调与环境因素、学习障碍有一定的关系。