河北省急性心肌梗死患者使用急诊医疗服务系统现状分析及对治疗和预后影响

目的:调查河北省急性心肌梗死（acute myocardial infarction, AMI）患者使用急诊医疗服务系统（emergency medical service, EMS）现状及其对患者急性期治疗和近、远期预后的影响。方法:收集河北省主要三级及部分具有代表性的二级医院在2016年1至12月期间住院的AMI患者。根据其不同就诊方式分为EMS组和自行就诊组,对两组患者的一般情况、发病到就诊时间、治疗方法、院内病死率及3年病死率等指标进行分析总结。结果:共纳入2 961例患者,采用EMS方式就诊患者占33.13%,自行就诊患者占66.87%。既往有高血压病病史以及ST段抬高型心肌梗死（ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, STEMI）患者更倾向于选择EMS方式就诊,差异有统计学意义。并且EMS组患者更倾向于前往三级医院就诊（88.58% vs 85.76%, P=0.033）。EMS组患者发病到就诊时间明显短于自行就诊组患者（160 min vs 185 min, P<0.01）,且EMS组从症状发作到就诊时间在<3 h及3~6 h时间段患者所占比例均高于自行就诊组（55.76% vs 49.14%,21.41% vs 19.09%, P<0.01）。相比自行就诊组,EMS组患者有更高的再灌注治疗率（67.48% vs 61.67%, P=0.002)。EMS组患者的急性期院内病死率较高（7.03% vs 4.44%, P=0.003）,但其3年病死率低于自行就诊组（17.31% vs 20.77%, P<0.05）。 结论:EMS能够缩短AMI患者发病到就诊时间,增加患者再灌注治疗率,并且能改善患者的远期预后。     

七氟烷和丙泊酚对急诊外伤术后创伤后应激障碍发病的影响

目的:研究两种主要全身麻醉药物丙泊酚、七氟烷对急诊外伤患者术后创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）发病率的影响。方法:选择160例在全麻下接受急诊手术的外伤患者,随机（随机数字表法）分为丙泊酚组和七氟烷组,两组患者分别使用丙泊酚和七氟烷维持麻醉,采集围手术期各项临床数据。术后1个月使用PCL-5量表评估两种患者PTSD发生率差异,分别对两组患者麻醉前受伤时间和PCL-5量表评分进行Spearman相关分析,采用logistic回归分析进一步研究PTSD发生危险因素。结果:术后1个月,丙泊酚组患者PTSD发生率显著高于七氟烷组（24% vs 10.8%, P=0.034）,丙泊酚组麻醉前受伤时间与PCL-5量表评分程负相关（ r=0.229, P<0.01）,而七氟烷组麻醉前受伤时间与PCL-5量表评分无相关性（ r=0.001, P=0.804）。通过logistic回归分析发现,丙泊酚的使用是PTSD发生率的独立危险因素（ P=0.004）。 结论:在外伤患者急诊手术中,选择七氟烷进行全身麻醉相比丙泊酚麻醉对减少术后PTSD发生具有一定应用价值。     

气道管理在急诊科心肺复苏患者维持治疗中的应用

目的:探讨气道管理在急诊科心肺复苏患者维持治疗中的应用效果。方法:选取2012年1月1日~2020年5月1日接受维持治疗的急诊科心肺复苏患者300例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组各150例。对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上给予气道管理;比较两组抢救时间、插管时间、入住ICU时间、血气指标[包括动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)]、不良反应发生情况、护理满意度。结果:观察组抢救时间、插管时间、入住ICU时间均短于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);干预1个月后,观察组PaO2高于对照组(P<0.05),PaCO2低于对照组(P<0.01);观察组不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组护理满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:将气道管理应用于急诊科心肺复苏患者维持治疗中,可缩短患者插管时间,争取患者抢救时间,且有利于改善患者的血气指标、降低不良反应发生率,从而提高其护理满意度。     

To transfer or not to transfer: Aged care nurses’ decision-making in transferring residents to the emergency department

BackgroundNurses are key decision makers in residential aged care facilities and play a significant role in the transfer of residents from residential aged care facilities to emergency departments. There is scant literature about the role of nurses in the transfer decision-making process.AimTo describe the experiences of residential aged care facility nurses who engage in decision-making to transfer residents to emergency department.MethodsThis research has adopted interpretive qualitative approach of phenomenography. In-depth interviews were undertaken with 20 residential aged care facility nurses across two sites. Uniquely, drawing was used as one way to collect rich, textured data in these in-depth interviews.FindingsSix categories emerged to represent residential aged care facility nurses’ conceptions of decision-making about transferring a resident to the emergency department: “Being a marionette”; “Too dumb to have an opinion”; “Making the family happy”; “Not about the resident”; “Having experience”; and “Being on your own”.DiscussionResidential aged care facility nurses experienced decision-making as not being able to do what is right for the resident most of the time due to a myriad of factors, with heavy influence of other key stakeholders.ConclusionDecision-making is described as a professional responsibility wherein residential aged care facility nurses face dilemmas related to the transfer of a resident to the emergency department and perceived as a constraint.     

≥75岁急诊心房颤动患者的预后分析——中国急诊心房颤动研究的亚组分析

目的:了解老年（年龄≥75岁）急诊心房颤动（房颤）患者的预后情况,分析不良预后的危险因素。方法:2009年至2011年在全国20家医院连续入选急诊就诊、年龄≥75岁房颤患者为本研究对象,收集患者基线资料和治疗情况,并进行1年随访,主要终点事件为全因死亡,次要终点事件为心血管死亡、卒中、大出血事件及主要不良事件。应用单因素和多因素Cox回归模型分析上述事件的独立危险因素。结果:共入选766例老年急诊房颤患者,年龄(80.76±4.66)岁,女性占56.9%。1年的全因病死率为24.3%,心血管病死率为12.8%,卒中发生率为10.6%,主要不良事件发生率33.6%,再入院率32%。多因素Cox回归模型分析显示年龄（ HR1.073,95% CI 1.042~1.105）、心率（ HR 1.008,95% CI 1.002~1.013）、痴呆/认知障碍史（ HR 1.849,95% CI 1.016~3.365）、既往慢性阻塞性肺疾病史（ HR 1.824,95% CI 1.303~2.551）为老年房颤患者1年死亡的独立危险因素。女性（ HR 1.664,95% CI 1.036~2.675）、高血压病史（ HR 2.035,95% CI 1.080~3.836）、痴呆/认知障碍史（ HR 2.773,95% CI 1.220~6.302）、为老年房颤患者1年卒中的独立危险因素。 结论:老年急诊房颤患者的预后较差,年龄、心率、痴呆/认知障碍史、慢性阻塞性肺疾病史是老年急诊房颤患者1年全因死亡和主要不良事件的独立危险因素;女性、高血压病史、痴呆/认知障碍史为老年急诊房颤患者1年卒中的独立危险因素。     

工作实录分析配合模拟应急演练应用于突发性群体事件中对救治效率及应急救护能力的影响

目的探讨工作实录分析配合模拟应急演练应用于突发性群体事件中的救护效果。方法将医院急诊科2019年7—12月实施常规救护培训后收治的63例(12起突发群体伤事件)作为对照组,将医院急诊科2020年7—12月实施工作实录分析联合情景模拟演练培训后收治的60例(11起突发群体伤事件)作为观察组。对比两组救治效率、急诊科护士应急救护能力。结果观察组除影像学检查时间、总急诊停留时间外,其他各环节流程时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);两组急诊科护士除准确身份识别、接诊及时、人文关怀外比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组其余各项应急救护能力评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论工作实录分析配合模拟应急演练应用于突发性群体事件中可提升救治效率,增强急诊科护士应急救护能力。     

Comparison of conventional radiography and MDCT in suspected scaphoid fractures

AIM: To determine the diagnostic accuracy and radiation dose of conventional radiography and multidetector computed tomography(MDCT) in suspected scaphoid fractures.METHODS: One hundred twenty-four consecutive patients were enrolled in our study who had suffered from a wrist trauma and showed typical clinical symptoms suspicious of an acute scaphoid fracture. All patients had initially undergone conventional radiography. Subsequent MDCT was performed within 10 d because of persisting clinical symptoms. Using the MDCT data as the reference standard, a fourfold table was used to classify the test results. The effective dose and impaired energy were assessed in order to compare the radiation burden of the two techniques. The Wilcoxon test was performed to compare the two diagnostic modalities.RESULTS: Conventional radiography showed 34 acute fractures of the scaphoid in 124 patients(42.2%). Subsequent MDCT revealed a total of 42 scaphoid fractures. The sensitivity of conventional radiography for scaphoid fracture detection was 42.8% and its specificity was 80% resulting in an overall accuracy of 59.6%. Conventional radiography was significantly inferior to MDCT(P < 0.01) concerning scaphoidfracture detection. The mean effective dose of MDCT was 0.1 m Sv compared to 0.002 m Sv of conventional radiography.CONCLUSION: Conventional radiography is insufficient for accurate scaphoid fracture detection. Regarding the almost negligible effective dose, MDCT should serve as the first imaging modality in wrist trauma.     

Laparoscopic versus open colonic resection for complicated diverticular disease in the emergency setting: a safe choice? A retrospective comparative cohort study

Background

We conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic colon resection (LCR) with open colon resection (OCR) for complicated diverticular disease (CDD) during emergent hospital admission.

Methods

Charts from all patients undergoing colon resection for CDD during emergent hospital admission at a single academic institution were reviewed. The primary outcomes were overall 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Results

From 2000 to 2010, 125 cases were retrieved (49 LCR and 86 OCR). Conversion rate was 5.1%. Overall morbidity significantly decreased with laparoscopic surgery compared with OCR. No mortality occurred with LCR. Prolonged ileus was less frequent (12.8% vs 32.6%; P = .02), time to oral intake shorter (3 vs 6 days; P < .01), and LOS shorter (5 vs 8 days; P = .05) for LCR.

Conclusions

In our series, in the patients selected, LCR for CDD during emergent hospital admission appears to be a safe procedure associated with decreased morbidity, time to oral intake, and LOS compared with OCR.     

Implementation of a novel emergency surgical unit significantly improves the management of gallstone pancreatitis

Introduction

Emergency surgery is changing rapidly with a greater workload, early subspecialisation and centralisation of emergency care. We describe the impact of a novel emergency surgical unit (ESU) on the definitive management of patients with gallstone pancreatitis (GSP).

Methods

A comparative audit was undertaken for all admissions with GSP before and after the introduction of the ESU over a six-month period. The impact on compliance with British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines was assessed.

Results

Thirty-five patients were treated for GSP between December 2013 and May 2014, after the introduction of the ESU. This was twice the nationally reported average for a UK trust over a six-month period. All patients received definitive management for their GSP and 100% of all suitable patients received treatment during the index admission or within two weeks of discharge. This was a significantly greater proportion than that prior to the introduction of the ESU (57%, p=0.0001) as well as the recently reported national average (34%). The mean length of total inpatient stay was reduced significantly after the ESU was introduced from 13.7 ± 4.7 days to 7.8 ± 2.1 days (p=0.03). The mean length of postoperative stay also fell significantly from 6.7 ± 2.6 days to 1.8 ± 0.8 days (p=0.001).

Conclusions

A dedicated ESU following national recommendations for emergency surgery care by way of using dedicated emergency surgeons and a streamlined protocol for common presentations has been shown by audit of current practice to significantly improve the management of patients presenting to a busy district general hospital with GSP.