融合基因芯片数据上下文特定网络的重构

目的在特定类型细胞或特定环境条件下,已有的全基因组代谢网络中的部分反应并不参与到实际的代谢过程中。为反映特定条件下生物体代谢系统的工作状态,本文提出一种重构上下文特定网络的新方法,用来构建特定条件下的代谢网络。方法首先根据基因芯片数据中蕴含的PACalls信息,南基因-酶-反应之间的调控关系,计算出在表达层面上为“Absent”状态的反应集合。然后使用一个？昆合整数规划模型,从全基因代谢网络中删除表达为“Absent”状态的反应及其关联反应,在满足计量平衡等约束条件下．寻找与表达层面吻合最优的网络,即为特定条件下的上下文特定网络。结果重构了肝脏和心脏两种组织的上下文特定网络。实验结果表明,两种组织的上下文特定网络存在很大差异性．尤其在某些具有组织特异性的代谢功能上,如胆汁酸合成等。结论融合基因芯片数据信息的上下文特定网络重构方法,能够有效构建反映特定条件下生物体代谢系统状态的上下文特定网络。     

标准截面形状定制型股骨柄假体设计

目的 介绍一种标准截面形状定制型股骨柄假体结构以及自行开发的设计方法。方法首先利用DICOM格式的患者股骨CT图像,重建患者股骨近端模型;根据重建出的患者股骨近端模型构建股骨柄假体匹配段矩形的截面边界,并在矩形截面边界内用简单的线条初步构建出假体的截面轮廓曲线;利用股骨近端模型对初步设计出的股骨柄假体进行验证,并通过调整设计参数使最终设计出的个性化股骨柄假体与患者股骨髓腔相匹配。结果 定制型人工髋关节股骨柄假体采用标准截面形状,便于快速设计出个性化假体,而且设计操作简单。参数化程序设计大大降低了个性化股骨柄假体的设计工作量。结论 标准截面形状定制型股骨柄假体的设计将有助于提高定制型人工髋关节置换手术的成功率,促进定制型股骨柄假体在临床上的应用,进一步提高患者的生活质量。     

基于磁共振图像的人体骨盆三维重建及有效性验证

目的：利用磁共振图像重建人体骨盆,并利用有限元方法验证建立该模型的有效性,为临床上不适合CT扫描的患者,提供了从MRI图像重建人体模型和骨盆生物力学研究的另一种方法。方法：采用1.5T的核磁成像仪扫描获取正常骨盆MRI图像,利用Hypermesh进行网格划分和韧带添加,采用Mimics和Geomagic对图像数据进行重建。对模型施加适当的界条件,运用有限元分析方法,分析该模型的应力应变和位移结果,同实验测量文献和CT重建的模型有限元模型结果对比。结果：骨盆上关键点的应力应变和位移数值基本吻合引用的参考文献对应点数值,趋势基本相似。坐位时,垂直加载600 N载荷于骶骨上表面,应力由骶骨经骶髂关节向下传递,经坐骨上支、到达坐骨结节;应力主要集中在坐骨大切迹和坐骨结节。站位时,垂直加载600 N载荷于骶骨上表面,应力分别经骶骨翼、骶髂关节,坐骨大切迹,弓状线,至髋臼;应力主要集中在骶髂关节和坐骨大切迹。结论：成功利用MRI建立的有限元模型,其基本可以反应骨盆的力学结构特点,准确性较高,可以作为用于研究骨盆及其植入物生物力学的基础。站立位时,骨盆的主要负重和稳定结构位于后方;坐位时,骨盆承载人体重量并在上下应力传导中起着非常重要的作用。     

Morphometric study of the scapular free flap and the free rib osteomyocutaneous flap

The scapula free flap is often the first choice for reconstruction of bony defects of the facial skeleton. However, the vascularised rib as part of a free rib osteomyocutaneous flap may be a suitable second choice. We have investigated the morphology and clinical dimensions of the 7th rib and the scapula, and the ability of the available bone to carry dental implants. The age and sex of the cadaver, and the donor side, were also recorded. The dimensions of the scapulas and 7th ribs (n = 130 of each) from 65 cadavers were measured at 4 different points using osteometric methods. Examination showed that bone from the scapula and 7th rib were sufficient for placement of implants. The 7th rib gave reliable measurements for both height and width, and a consistent relation between compact and cancellous bone. Although the scapula provided adequate compact and cancellous bone, there were variations depending on the segment of bone chosen. Bones from male cadavers were more suitable for implantation. In both the scapula and the 7th rib ageing had a significant adverse effect in only one dimension. Most points of measurement have satisfactory bony dimensions for insertion of dental implants.     

Transport distraction osteogenesis as a method of reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint following gap arthroplasty for post-traumatic ankylosis in children: a clinical and radiological prospective assessment of outcome

This clinical and radiographic study investigated the use of transport distraction osteogenesis in unilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis patients. Six patients aged between 4 and 8 years were selected for the study; the mean preoperative maximal inter-incisal opening (MIO) was 3.5 mm without lateral and protrusive mandibular movements. The ankylotic mass along with the posterior border of the ascending ramus was exposed via ‘lazy-S’ incision. A gap arthroplasty was performed, followed by a ‘reverse L’ osteotomy on the posterior border of the ramus. In-house manufactured extraoral distraction devices were used for this prospective study. Follow-up clinical and radiographic evaluation was carried out for 13–27 months after completion of the activation period. After a mean follow-up of 19 months, the mean MIO was 29.1 mm and the lateral and protrusive movements changed from none to slight. Cone beam computed tomography images of all patients showed remodelled neocondyle created by transport distraction osteogenesis with no statistically significant differences observed for average cancellous bone density, trabecular number, and trabecular spacing between the neocondyle of the operated side (test) and the condyle of the non-operated side (control). Neocondyle formation by transport distraction osteogenesis using the in-house distraction device is a promising treatment option for TMJ reconstruction in ankylosis patients.     

Pedicle length in the inferiorly based buccinator myomucosal island flap: a cadaveric study

The inferiorly based buccinator myomucosal island flap is a useful reconstructive option for medium-sized intraoral mucosal defects. The pedicle length of this flap has not yet been determined. Thirteen fresh cadavers (26 sides) with intact faces were studied. An inferiorly based buccinator myomucosal island flap was elevated. Various measurements were taken, including pedicle length, paddle area, and pedicle length after dissection of the facial artery through the submandibular salivary gland; the presence of the facial artery or vein in the pedicle and the number of perforators were also evaluated. The mean pedicle lengths in the right and left sides were 4.8 ± 0.6 cm and 4.9 ± 0.6 cm, respectively. The mean pedicle lengths after dissection of the facial artery through the submandibular salivary gland were 7.8 ± 0.7 cm (right side) and 7.7 ± 0.6 cm (left side). The pedicle contained only the facial artery in six sides. There were two to three perforator branches from the facial artery to the mucosal paddle. Paddle sizes of the flap were in the range of 2.2 × 2.1 cm to 3.5 × 3 cm. This flap is suitable for the reconstruction of the floor of the mouth and tongue. Pedicle length can be increased significantly by dissecting the facial artery through the submandibular salivary gland.     

Mandibular reconstruction in the growing patient with unilateral craniofacial microsomia: a systematic review

The purpose of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the surgical correction of the mandible in unilateral craniofacial microsomia (UCM) performed in the growing patient, and its long-term outcome and stability. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science. Articles reporting prospective and retrospective studies of patients not older than 16 years (N ≥ 4) who had undergone surgical correction of a craniofacial microsomia spectrum condition using grafts, osteotomies, distraction, or combinations of these, were reviewed. The period of follow-up was selected to be ≥1 year. After inclusion, the articles were evaluated on short- and long-term outcomes, relapse, and any increase in asymmetry following treatment. Thirty of 1611 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. Analysis of the surgical mandibular correction of UCM showed that the outcome is not so much treatment-dependent, but patient-dependent, i.e. deformity gradation-dependent. The type I–IIa Pruzansky–Kaban patient had the best results with regard to minimal relapse and/or minimal increase in asymmetry. Single-stage correction of the asymmetry should be postponed until the permanent dentition stage. It can be concluded that in the treatment of the severely hypoplastic mandible, the patient will benefit from a multi-stage treatment protocol if indicated for functional or psychological problems.     

Lower lip repair using double opposing rectangular rotation flaps with reconstruction of the mentolabial groove and mental protuberance

The use of a rectangular flap is a well known technique for upper lip repair in cleft lip, but is less common for lower lip repair after tumour resection. We have found this type of flap to be favourable for lower lip reconstruction, especially for the lip to mental region. We describe herein an improvement to the technique in which two opposing rectangular flaps, with the length of one side equal to the vertical distance from the mentolabial groove to the vermilion border, were raised on the lateral sides of a U-shaped defect. Reconstruction was performed by interdigitation of the two flaps and a bilateral vermilion advancement flap. This new approach allows a distinct mentolabial groove and mental protuberance to be created by utilizing two opposing rectangular flaps and redundant tissue, without sacrificing sensation and muscle function. Our results suggest that the technique provides excellent functional and cosmetic outcomes in restoration of the lower lip in properly selected patients.     

CT三维重建引导下经颌下入路精确穿刺卵圆孔外口射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛研究

目的：CT三维重建引导下经颌下入路的改良式穿刺卵圆孔行半月神经节射频温控热凝术治疗三叉神经痛.并对其操作方法及疗效进行分析.方法：对20例原发性三叉神经痛患者经颌下入路方式行半月神经节射频温控热凝术治疗.结果：术后疼痛即刻消失18例,2例经服用小剂量卡马西平3～7 d疼痛消失,术后1个月内有1例复发,有效率95％,1年后随访,无复发病例.结论：CT三维重建引导下,经颌下入路穿刺卵圆孔的方法具有有效性及可行性,避免了因颅底结构的特殊性及传统入路方式角度的局限性而使热凝探针无法到达卵圆孔内,致使手术失败.     

口底缺损的组织瓣移植修复

<正>口底缺损修复的目的主要是保持舌的活动度,以恢复其语言和吞咽功能。由于口底解剖结构的特殊性,口底缺损很难通过直接拉拢缝合来关闭伤口。植皮修复也会由于后期的瘢痕挛缩而影响舌的功能运动,舌瓣修复会大大影响舌的活动度,胸大肌皮瓣或背阔肌皮瓣的体积过大,现在已很少被采用。因此,要根据口底缺损大小和病人全身情况来选择合适的游离、带蒂或局部组织瓣移植修复。本文就近年来这方面的研究进展作一综述。