高同型半胱氨酸对高血压大鼠血管平滑肌细胞GRP78和CHOP的表达的影响与血管重构的关系

目的：观察同型半胱氨酸（Homocysteine,Hcy）对高血压大鼠内质网应激因子GRP78和CHOP表达及血管中层厚度变化,探讨Hcy对血管重构的影响。方法：采用腹主动脉缩窄术建立高血压大鼠模型,术后两周采用无创尾套法测量大鼠血压,选取24只成年雄性大鼠[平均动脉压（MAP）〉150mmHg]随机等分为2组,即对照组和蛋氨酸组,每组12只（n=12）。对照组给予普通饮食＋双蒸水灌胃,蛋氨酸组给于30g/L蛋氨酸饮食＋双蒸水灌胃;根据实验结束的时间,又将各组分为4W和8W两个亚组,各亚组6只（n=6）。用同型半胱氨酸检测仪检测血清同型半胱氨酸浓度,用颈动脉插管法测定各组大鼠的MAP,并利用图像分析软件测量血管中层的厚度;HE染色观察大鼠主动脉血管形态学变化;通过免疫组化及Western blot检测大鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）组织中GRP78及CHOP表达水平。结果：①对照组大鼠血清Hcy浓度在正常值范围（〈10μmol／L）;蛋氨酸组大鼠血清Hcy浓度明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。②两组大鼠MAP均显著增高,4周时两者之间差异不明显,8周时两者差异显著（P〈0．05）;③蛋氨酸组大鼠血管平滑肌中层厚度显著大于对照组（P〈0．05）;④HE染色显示,与对照组相比,蛋氨酸组大鼠主动脉VSMCs显著肥大,管壁显著增厚;⑤两组CRP78和CHOP蛋白表达量增高,与对照组相比蛋氨酸组表达更明显。结论：高同型半胱氨酸可能通过促使高血压大鼠动脉VSMCs内质网应激反应,导致CRP78及CHOP的平衡失调加剧,从而引起血管损伤加重,而发生血管重构加重。     

Osteosarcoma with Cardiac Metastasis in a 22‐year‐old Man: A Case Report and Review of Cardiac Tumors

Primary osteosarcoma accounts for 3% of all childhood cancer. It commonly occurs during the adolescent growth spurt and is more common in boys than girls and in African Americans than white people. The 5‐year survival is approximately 79%. Cardiac metastasis of osteosarcoma is exceedingly rare; we present an unusual case in a 22‐year‐old man with significant intracardiac tumor burden. Additionally, we review the current pediatric cardiac tumor literature.