64排128层螺旋CT冠状动脉CTA在冠心病筛查中的临床应用

目的:探讨64排128层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管造影术(CTA)在冠心病筛查中的临床应用。方法:回顾性分析2018年6月~2019年10月某院收治的70例冠心病患者临床资料,均采用64排128层螺旋CT冠状动脉CTA检查,1周内进行选择性冠脉造影(CAG)检查。以CAG诊断为金标准,记录CT影像表现,统计冠状动脉狭窄情况;以CAG检查为金标准,分析64排128层螺旋CT冠状动脉CTA对冠脉狭窄诊断的敏感性、特异性。结果:70例患者经64排128层螺旋CT冠状动脉CTA检查,以CAG检查为金标准,螺旋CTA图像表现为冠状动脉轻度狭窄44支,中度54支,重度40支,正常105支;CAG检查冠状动脉轻度狭窄39支,中度62支,重度46支,正常106支。螺旋CTA图像显示轻度冠状动脉狭窄数量多于CAG检查数量,中度、重度狭窄少于CAG检查;64排128层螺旋CT冠状动脉CTA检查敏感性为87.18%,特异性为97.06%。结论:冠心病采用64排128层螺旋CT冠状动脉CTA筛查,具有较高的敏感性、特异性,为冠心病临床筛查、诊断提供参考依据,值得临床推广应用。     

CT引导经皮椎体成形术治疗后缘破损型骨质疏松伴椎体压缩性骨折的疗效

目的 探讨CT引导经皮椎体成形术治疗后缘破损型骨质疏松伴椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年1月于安徽医科大学第一附属医院疼痛科行CT引导经皮椎体成形术的60例后缘破损型骨质疏松伴椎体压缩性骨折患者的临床资料,比较患者术前、术后不同时间点疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）及Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评分的差异。结果 60例患者术前与术后的VAS、ODI评分进行比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;进一步两两比较,患者术后第1天、术后1周、术后3个月、术后6个月、术后12个月的VAS、ODI评分均低于术前,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 CT引导经皮椎体成形术适用于后缘破损型骨质疏松伴椎体压缩性骨折的治疗,该手术方法安全,能有效缓解患者疼痛症状,改善患者活动功能障碍,值得临床推广。     

Standardized method to quantify the variation in voxel value distribution in patient-simulated CBCT data sets

Objectives:

To suggest a standardized method to assess the variation in voxel value distribution in patient-simulated CBCT data sets and the effect of time between exposures (TBE). Additionally, a measurement of reproducibility, Aarhus measurement of reproducibility (AMORe), is introduced, which could be used for quality assurance purposes.

Methods:

Six CBCT units were tested [Cranex^® 3D/CRAN (Soredex Oy, Tuusula, Finland); Scanora^® 3D/SCAN (Soredex Oy); NewTom™ 5G/NEW5 (QR srl, Verona, Italy); i-CAT/ICAT (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA); 3D Accuitomo FPD80/ACCU (Morita, Kyoto, Japan); and NewTom VG/NEWV (QR srl)]. Two sets of volumetric data of a wax-imbedded dry human skull (containing a titanium implant) were acquired by each CBCT unit at two sessions on separate days. Each session consisted 21 exposures: 1 “initial” followed by a 30-min interval (initial data set), 10 acquired with 30-min TBE (data sets 1–10) and 10 acquired with 15-min TBE (data sets 11–20). CBCT data were exported as digital imaging and communications in medicine files and converted to text files containing x, y and z positions and grey shade for each voxel. Subtractions were performed voxel-by-voxel in two set-ups: (1) between two consecutive data sets and (2) between any subsequent data set and data set 1. The mean grey shade variation for each voxel was calculated for each unit/session.

Results:

The largest mean grey shade variation was found in the subtraction set-up 2 (27–447 shades of grey, depending on the unit). Considering subtraction set-up 1, the highest variation was seen for NEW5, between data sets 1 and the initial.

Conclusions:

Discrepancies in voxel value distribution were found by comparing the initial examination of the day with the subsequent examinations. TBE had no predictable effect on the variation of CBCT-derived voxel values. AMORe ranged between 0 and 64.     

弥漫型恶性腹膜间皮瘤的MDCT征象分析及其鉴别诊断

目的 探讨多排螺旋CT(MDCT)对弥漫型恶性腹膜间皮瘤(MPM)诊断,以及与结核性腹膜炎、腹膜转移癌鉴别诊断的价值.方法 回顾性分析10例经病理证实的弥漫型MPM(组1)、14例结核性腹膜炎(组2)及17例腹膜转移癌(组3)的MDCT资料,对照分析3组病例的发病年龄,病变分布,腹膜、大网膜、肠系膜改变的形态学特点,腹部淋巴结、脏器转移及腹腔积液等MDCT表现. 结果 弥漫型MPM组与结核性腹膜炎组在腹膜、大网膜、肠系膜的形态学改变上差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);弥漫型MPM组与腹膜转移癌在腹部淋巴结、脏器转移上的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 弥漫型MPM MDCT表现为腹膜、大网膜、肠系膜不规则增厚并明显强化,可呈结节状或团块状;结合其形态学特点,有无脏器转移、淋巴结肿大和临床资料等可与结核性腹膜炎及腹膜转移癌鉴别.     

负荷动态CT心肌灌注成像对心肌缺血的诊断价值

目的 探讨128双源CT(DSCT)行负荷动态心肌灌注检查对心肌缺血的诊断价值.方法 30例临床疑似或已知冠心病患者行负荷动态CT心肌灌注(CT-MPI)检查,获取其心肌血流值.以SPECT为参考标准,评价CT-MPI诊断心肌灌注缺损的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV)、准确性及其与SPECT诊断的一致性.结果 30例患者成功完成检查,所有节段平均心肌血流量(MBF)值为(99.11 ±31.98)ml· 100ml-1·min-,非缺血区MBF值(117.61±29.82)m1· 100ml-1·min-1与缺血区MBF值(80.60±22.15)ml·100ml-1·min-有显著的统计学差异(t =15.764,P＜0.001).CT-MPI检查中19例26个血管支配区域出现CT-MPI的灌注缺损,以节段为基础,出现灌注缺损者为52段.SPECT-MPI检出心肌灌注异常13例16个血管区,共34个心肌节段.以SPECT为参照,以人为基础,CT-MPI检测心肌缺血的敏感性、特异性、PPV和NPV分别为92.31％(12/13)、58.82％(10/17)、63.16％ (12/19)和90.91％(10/11),准确性为73.33％,两种检查方式结果的一致性Kappa=0.485(P ＜0.005);以血管区和节段为基础,CT-MPI检测心肌缺血的敏感性、特异性、PPV和NPV分别为93.75％(15/16)、85.14％(63/74)、57.69％ (15/26)、98.44％(63/64)和94.12％(32/34)、95.80％ (456/476)、61.54％(32/52)、99.56％(456/458),准确性分别为86.67％和95.69％.两种检查结果的一致性分别为Kappa=0.634和0.772(P均＜0.001).结论 负荷动态CT-MPI可较好地检测出心肌灌注缺损,对心肌缺血情况进行评估.     

支气管扩张:多层螺旋CT厚层和薄层比较

目的 评价多层螺旋CT(MSCT)的5 mm(厚层)和1.25 mm(薄层)层厚图像在诊断支气管扩张中的能力.方法 回顾性分析200例在薄层MSCT上诊断为支气管扩张患者的影像学资料,其中男112例,女88例,平均年龄67.42岁,在肺叶、肺段水平及支气管扩张的范围、类型上比较薄层与厚层MSCT之间的诊断差异.所用设备为64排MSCT,扫描层厚5 mm,螺距0.94,并作1.25 mm薄层重组.采用x2检验分析两者之间的差异.结果 在200例薄层MSCT诊断为支气管扩张者中,厚层MSCT仅检出其中的153例(76.5％),两者有极显著差异(P=0.000);在1200个肺叶中,薄层MSCT检出437个(36.41％)肺叶有支气管扩张,而厚层MSCT仅检出284个(23.67％)肺叶,有极显著差异(P =0.000);在3600个肺段中薄层MSCT检出682个(18.94％)肺段有支气管扩张,而厚层MSCT检出459个(12.75％)肺段,有极显著差异(P=0.000);在支气管扩张范围级别上,厚、薄层在1级范围之间有显著差异,而在2、3级之间并无显著差异;厚层MSCT漏检的支气管扩张都是柱状支气管扩张.结论 在检出局灶性、柱状支气管扩张的能力上薄层MSCT要显著高于厚层MSCT.     

CT灌注成像对非卒中型烟雾病血流动力学的分析

目的：分析非卒中型烟雾病(MMD)患者脑血流动力学改变特点。方法对12例颅脑 CT 平扫未发现病变,经 DSA 证实的 MMD 患者(病例组)和10例正常成人(对照组)行多排螺旋 CT 灌注成像(CTPI),计算出2组样本相对应脑解剖部位血流动力学参数,对比分析所得数值的统计学意义。结果病例组不同部位脑组织各血流灌注参数差异均有显著统计学意义(P =0.000);对照组不同部位脑组织各血流灌注参数差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05)。病例组额叶、颞叶、顶叶及基底节区脑血容量(rCBV)明显高于对照组(P <0.01);病例组额叶脑血流量(rCBF)低于对照组(P <0.05);病例组额叶、颞叶、顶叶对比剂平均通过时间(MTT)及额叶对比剂峰值时间(TTP)较对照组延长(P <0.05)。结论CTPI 可以定量地反映脑组织的血流动力学改变,对评价尚未出现脑组织形态学变化的 MMD 患者脑循环障碍具有重要价值。     

Primary Lymphedema of the Lower Limb: The Clinical Utility of Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/CT

ObjectiveThe aim of this prospective study was to determine whether the additional use of the single photon emission computed tomography/CT (SPECT/CT) technique improves the diagnostic value of planar lymphoscintigraphy in patients presenting with primary lymph edema of the lower limb.ResultsIn comparison to pathological planar scintigraphic findings, the addition of SPECT/CT provided relevant additional information regarding the presence of dermal backflow (86%), the anatomical extent of lymphatic disorders (64%), the presence or absence of lymph nodes (46%), and the visualization of lymph vessels (4%).ConclusionAs an adjunct to planar lymphoscintigraphy, SPECT/CT specifies the anatomical correlation of lymphatic disorders and thus improves assessment of the extent of pathology due to the particular advantages of tomographic separation of overlapping sources. The interpretation of scintigraphic data benefits not only in baseline diagnosis, but also in physiotherapeutical and microsurgical treatments of primary lymphedema.     

Experience With a CT Screening Program for Individuals at High Risk for Developing Lung Cancer

PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare results of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) high-risk group 2 with those of NCCN high-risk group 1 in a clinical CT lung screening program.MethodsThe results of consecutive clinical CT lung screening examinations performed from January 2012 through December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. All examinations were interpreted by radiologists credentialed in structured CT lung screening reporting, following the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Lung Cancer Screening (version 1.2012). Positive results required a solid nodule ≥4 mm, a ground-glass nodule ≥5 mm, or a mediastinal or hilar lymph node >1 cm, not stable for >2 years. Significant incidental findings and findings suspicious for pulmonary infection were also recorded.ResultsA total of 1,760 examinations were performed (464 in group 2, 1,296 in group 1); no clinical follow-up was available in 432 patients (28%). Positive results, clinically significant incidental findings, and suspected pulmonary infection were present in 25%, 6%, and 6% in group 2 and 28.2%, 6.2%, and 6.6% in group 1, respectively. Twenty-three cases of lung cancer were diagnosed (6 in group 2, 17 in group 1), for annualized rates of malignancy of 1.8% in group 2 and 1.6% in group 1.ConclusionNCCN group 2 results were substantively similar to those for group 1 and closely resemble those reported in the National Lung Screening Trial. Similar rates of positivity and lung cancer diagnosis in both groups suggest that thousands of additional lives may be saved each year if screening eligibility is expanded to include this particular high-risk group.