体外冲击波碎石术后石街的处理(附41例报告)

目的总结体外冲击波碎石(ESWL)术后石街的处理经验。方法回顾性分析2001年8月至2006年3月我院41例上尿路结石行ESWL术后形成石街患者的临床资料。结果9例石街采用逆行引流体位后自行排净,25例再次行ESWL术后石街排净,5例改行输尿管镜碎石术,2例行开放手术。结论采用患侧卧位的逆行引流体位,再次行ESWL术和输尿管镜碎石术等方法处理,能有效提高石街的排净率。     

左右肝管同时狭窄的高位胆管梗阻单双支架治疗的对比性研究

目的分析左右肝管同时狭窄的高位胆管梗阻病例行胆管内双支架放置治疗的临床应用价值。资料与方法29例肝门部胆管梗阻患者，单支架放置13例，双支架放置16例。结果单、双支架放置成功率分别为100％、93．75％（P〉0．05）；术后胆红素下降率分别为58．10％、74．63％（P〈0．05）；6个月、1年的生存率分别为78．82％、38．43％和88．17％、45．16％（P〈0．05）；并发症发生率为19．77％、23．10％（P〉0．05）。结论左右肝管同时狭窄的高位胆管梗阻，双支架放置治疗比单支架放置治疗能更有效地解除黄疸，延长生存期，值得临床推广应用。     

Cloning and expression of SLC1OA4,a putative organic anion transport protein

AIM:To determine if novel bile acid transporters may be expressed in human tissues.METHODS:SLC10A1 (NTCP) was used as a probe to search the NCBI database for homology to previously uncharacterized ESTs. The homology search identified an EST (termed SLC10A4) that shares sequence identity with SLC10A1 and SLC10A2 (ASBT). We performed Northern blot analysis and RT-PCR to determine the tissue distribution of SLC10A4. SLC10A4 was cloned in frame with an epitope tag and overexpressed in CHO cells to determine cellular localization and functional analysis of bile acid uptake.RESULTS:Northern analysis revealed that SLC 10A4 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed fn human tissues with the highest levels of mRNA expression in brain,placenta, and liver. In SLC10A4-transfected CHO cells,immunoblotting analysis and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated a 49-kDa protein that is expressed at the plasma membrane and intracellular compartments.Functional analysis of SLC10A4 showed no significant taurocholate uptake in the presence of sodium when compared to untransfected CHO cells.CONCLUSION:To date, we have shown that this protein has no capacity to transport taurocholate relative to SLC1041; however, given its ubiquitous tissue distribution, it may play a more active role in transporting other endogenous organic anions.     

肝移植术后早期非肝动脉栓塞性胆道缺血性损伤并发症的预防

目的：探讨肝移植术后早期非肝动脉栓塞性胆道缺血性损伤并发症的预防。方法：对60例同种原位背驮式肝移植病人术中、术后采用改善供肝血液循环的策略。结果：术后6个月内出现胆道并发症3例，发生率为5％（5／60），1例因拔T管时发生胆漏；1例经T管胆道造影导致胆道感染，胆泥形成；1例胆道吻合口渗漏。结论：肝移植术中、术后扩张血管、改善胆管微循环是预防术后早期非肝动脉栓塞性胆道缺血性损伤并发症的重要措施。     

钳夹法建立小鼠胆管缺血狭窄模型

目的 探讨建立小鼠胆管缺血狭窄模型的方法。方法 先探索昆明小白鼠胆管缺血最适时间点，尔后选取昆明小白鼠随机分为正常对照组和模型组，每组10只，模型组用2枚显微血管夹（宽0．1cm）夹闭一段长约0．4cm的胆总管90min，正常对照组仅暴露胆管未夹闭。术后21d两组小鼠均行胆道造影，下腔静脉取血，分离血清进行总胆红素及谷丙转氨酶含量测定，取胆总管和肝组织石蜡包埋，HE染色，观察病理改变。结果 模型组钳夹部位以上胆管明显扩张，胆管造影示胆管扩张，壁光滑，狭窄部位以下胆管未显影；正常对照组肝内胆管未显影，肝外胆管显影。血清总胆红素模型组高于正常对照组5倍以上，谷丙转氨酶模型组显著高于正常对照组6倍以上。病理示缺血胆管管腔变小或闭塞，胆管黏膜坏死脱落，管壁纤维化增厚；病变部位以上胆管管腔增大，管壁变薄。肝脏可见少量肝细胞坏死，炎性细胞浸润。结论 血管夹钳闭缺血法成功地建立了小鼠胆管缺血狭窄模型，为肝移植术后胆管缺血狭窄并发症发生机制的实验研究和临床研究提供可靠的实验方法。     

碎石术对肾结石患者肾功能损害的观察

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和表皮生长因子（EGF）在经尿道体外冲击波碎石术（ESWL）的变化和规律。方法采用放射免疫分析法，选择性地对50例肾单发结石患者ESWL前后TNF-α和EGF含量进行测定。结果碎石后尿中TNF-α含量在1～4d与术前比较总体水平明显升高（t=2．22，P〈0．05），术后2d TNF-α含量明显高于术后4d（t=2．82，P〈0.01），第5天水平回落，与术前比较差异无统计学意义（P〈0．05）；EGF的含量术后明显高于术前（t=2．28，P〈0．05）。结论TNF-α和EGF水平可能提示肾小管细胞的自身炎症过程及与肾损害的发生机制密切相关。     

复式脉冲低能量ESWL治疗肾结石769例报告

目的探讨复式脉冲HB-V型低能量体外冲击波碎石机治疗肾结石的治疗效果.方法采用复式脉冲HB-ESWL-VG型低能量碎石机治疗直径<2.0 cm的各类肾结石769例，治疗工作电压3～9 kV，平均冲击次数2 300次.结果肾盏结石总粉碎率为97.4%，其中上中盏结石复打率为13.1%，术后3个月排净率为89.4%，下盏结石复打率为17.3%，排净率为81.5%；肾盂结石粉碎率为98.3%，复打率为6.1%，术后3个月排净率为93.0%.结论复式脉冲低能量ESWL治疗肾结石具有治疗成功率高、复打率低、无严重并发症、副作用少之优点.     

妊娠中晚期合并输尿管结石的急诊腔内技术处理

目的探讨妊娠中晚期合并输尿管结石急诊腔内技术处理的安全性和有效性。方法1998年6月至2005年3月,对17例妊娠中晚期合并输尿管结石急症的患者行急诊腔内技术治疗。患者年龄21～35岁,平均27岁,孕周20～36周,平均29周。表现为肾绞痛反复发作11例,发热4例,急性梗阻性无尿2例。结石位于左侧5例、右侧10例、双侧2例；结石位于输尿管上段8例、中段5例、下段2例,双侧下段2例。结石大小6mm×7mm～13mm×21mm。患侧轻度肾积水6例,中度11例。行经尿道输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石14例；输尿管上段结石推至肾盂1例；因无法进镜而单纯留置双J管2例。结果17例患者的肾绞痛、发热等症状经治疗后完全消失。结石一次取净者14例(82.4%)。残留结石者3例,留置双J管至分娩后,其中1例每3个月更换双J管。未发生先兆流产或早产等情况,无输尿管穿孔及其他并发症。留置双J管后出现排尿后腰部不适1例,3d后缓解；术后肉眼血尿1例,6d后自行消失。17例均顺利生产,婴儿健康。结论经尿道输尿管镜腔内技术治疗妊娠中晚期合并输尿管结石急性发作安全、有效。     

APPRAISAL OF SURGICAL AND ENDOSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS

One hundred and ten patients with common bile duct (CBD) stones were treated in the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology at SGPGIMS, Lucknow, India between January 1989 and December 1992. The primary modality of treatment was surgery in 62 patients (group I) and endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) in 48 (group II). The two groups were well matched with respect to clinical features and presence of medical risk factors. Surgical clearance of CBD stones was achieved in 58 patients (93.5%; group Ia). Four patients (7%) had retained stones following surgery (group Ib). In group II, the CBD was cleared by endoscopic means in 20 out of 48 patients (42%) and was categorized into group IIa. In the remaining patients ES was followed by CBD exploration (group IIb). Significantly higher morbidity was seen in patients needing CBD surgery following attempted endoscopic clearance, because of ES-related complications, such as bleeding, cholangitis, septicaemia and numerous others. Use of ES to treat CBD stones on a routine basis was therefore not found to be any better than one-time surgical exploration.     

Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiodrainage as Rescue Therapy for Symptomatic Biliary Leakage Without Biliary Tract Dilation After Major Surgery

Symptomatic biliary leakage following major upper abdominal surgery is a severe complication resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Treatment options usually include either endoscopic intervention or surgical revision. These options may be burdened by a high perioperative risk for the patient (e.g., patients with severe disease) or simply may not be possible (e.g., nonpreserved gastroduodenal passage). In the past, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage did only seem to be a viable option for patients with dilated bile ducts. Here, we present our experience in a consecutive series of patients with symptomatic biliary leakage following major upper abdominal surgery and without dilation of the biliary system that underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage was feasible in 15 of 18 patients (83.3%). The procedure was technically not possible in three patients (16.7%). In 10 of the 15 patients (66.6%) with feasible percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage, biliary leakage was definitely controlled without the need for surgical revision. Depending on the experience with the interventional procedure, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage should be considered as an alternative for treatment of symptomatic biliary leakage instead of immediate reoperation. Presented at the Digestive Disease Week 2005 (DDW), Chicago, IL, May 14–19, 2005 (poster presentation).