Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene Polymorphism in Patients with End-Stage Renal Failure

Urea and creatinine are not generally considered to be important uremic toxins despite evidence from dialysis experiments to the contrary, and despite striking elevations of these nitrogenous waste products in uremia. In order to study this problem in acute uremia, we used a new dietary method for prolonging the survival of bilaterally nephrectomized rats. Urea or creatinine were injected on three successive days starting one day after the inception of uremia. Urea or creatinine injections shortened the survival time of acutely uremic rats, and increased the involution of thymus and spleen. The extra urea, but not creatinine, increased the serum osmolality. These data indicate that urea and creatinine are toxic in the acutely uremic rat. Hypertonicity of the serum may contribute to the toxicity of urea. Additional mechanisms of toxicity and additional toxins are not excluded.     

Contralateral electrodiagnosis in patients with abnormal median distal sensory latency

Background

We hypothesized that electrodiagnostic evidence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) on the contralateral, less-severe side correlates with disease severity.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 285 adults that had bilateral electrodiagnostic testing and a median distal sensory latency (DSL) greater than 3.6 ms on at least one side. Variables associated with abnormal contralateral median DSL were analyzed in bivariable and multivariable analysis.

Results

Patients with a nonrecordable median DSL on the worst side were significantly more likely to have electrodiagnostic evidence of contralateral CTS compared to patients with a prolonged DSL on the worst side (90 versus 65 %, respectively; p < 0.001). Bilateral symptoms were reported by 75 % of patients. The best logistic regression model for electrodiagnostic evidence of contralateral CTS included nonrecordable median DSL of the worst side and polyneuropathy (p < 0.001 and p = 0.14, respectively).

Conclusions

The finding that disease severity relates to the probability of contralateral abnormalities is consistent with the concept that CTS is typically bilateral. Patients with CTS on one side should be advised of the likelihood that it can be present or may develop on the other side.     

Percheron动脉梗死4例临床分析

目的提高临床医生对Percheron动脉梗死的认识和诊断水平。方法总结4例Percheron动脉梗死的临床表现、影像特点、治疗及预后。结果4例均急性起病,意识障碍后出现智能障碍及眼肌麻痹,按缺血性脑卒中治疗,患者临床症状均有改善。4例磁共振Tt及T2加权像均见双侧丘脑旁正中碟形长T1长T2信号,3例磁共振弥散加权成像（DWI）示双侧丘脑旁正中以及中脑高信号,其中1例中脑为“v”字形高信号。结论以卒中样形式起病,有典型临床表现,结合MRI示双侧丘脑旁正中见碟形长T1长T2信号、DWI高信号及中脑“V”字征有助于Percheron动脉梗死的诊断。     

Speech recognition outcomes following bilateral cochlear implantation in adults aged over 50 years old

Abstract

Objective: To examine the speech recognition benefit of bilateral cochlear implantation over unilateral implantation in adults aged over 50 years old, and to identify potential predictors of successful bilateral implantation in this group. Design: Retrospective cohort study using data collected during standard clinical practice. Bilateral performance was compared to the unilateral performance with the first and second implanted ear and examined in relation to potential predictive variables. Study sample: Sixty-seven cochlear implant users who received a second implant after the age of 50 years old. Results: Participants obtained significantly greater speech recognition scores with the use of bilateral cochlear implants compared to the use of each individual implant. The score obtained with the first implanted ear was the most reliable predictor of the score obtained with the second and with bilateral implants. Conclusions: Older adults can obtain speech recognition benefits from sequential bilateral cochlear implantation.     

全子宫切除联合双侧输卵管切除术对患者血清AMH及卵巢功能的影响

目的：探讨全子宫切除术联合双侧输卵管切除术对患者卵巢功能及血清抗苗勒管激素(AMH)的影响。方法收集2013年1月至2015年6月我院妇科拟行腹腔镜全子宫切除术治疗的子宫良性疾病患者188例,其中,72例同时行双侧输卵管切除术者为观察组,116例保留双侧输卵管者为对照组。比较两组患者手术前后的血清AMH水平及卵巢功能的差异。结果观察组患者术中出血量为(56.23±13.59) mL,手术时间为(109.12±15.78) min,术后肛门排气时间为(19.21±4.31) h,术后住院时间为(4.53±1.12) d,对照组依次为(55.34±12.68) mL、(107.87±16.02) min、(19.45±4.62) h、(4.67±1.35) d,组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1个月、3个月,两组患者的卵泡生成激素(FSH)、黄体生成激素(LH)升高,雌二醇(E2)、AMH降低(P<0.05),但组间术后比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3个月观察组与对照组的Kupperman评分分别为(5.29±1.43)分、(5.15±1.29)分,两组均较术前显著升高(P<0.05),但组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组7例(9.72%)确诊为围绝经期综合征(MPS),与对照组12例(10.34%)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组盆腔包裹性积液发生率为1.39%,显著低于对照组的14.66%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论全子宫切除术可导致卵巢功能及血清AMH降低,但术中联合双侧输卵管切除术并不加重这种影响,且可降低盆腔包块发生率,建议预防性切除。     

Bilateral traumatic hemorrhage of the basal ganglia

Hemorrhage of the basal ganglia is common in hypertensive patients, and most of the cases are spontaneous unilateral hemorrhage. Traumatic basal ganglia hemorrhage is uncommon, while bilateral hemorrhage of the basal ganglia after trauma is an extremely rare entity. This report described a rare case of bilateral hemorrhage of the basal ganglia after head trauma. We also analyzed the mechanisms and reviewed relative literatures.     

Bilateral triceps tendon approach is flexible and efficient in the treatment of type C distal humerus fractures

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess and compare elbow range of motion, triceps extension strength and functional results of type C (AO/OTA) distal humerus fractures treated with bilateral triceps tendon (BTT) approach and olecranon osteotomy (OO). At the same time, we are also trying to know whether BTT approach can provide sufficient vision for comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus, and whether it is convenient to convert to the treatment to total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) or OO.MethodsPatients treated with OO and BTT approaches for type C distal humerus fractures between July 2014 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria include: (1) patients' age were more than 18 years old, (2) follow-up was no less than 6 months, and (3) patients were diagnosed with type C fractures (based on the AO/OTA classification). Exclusion criteria include: (1) open fractures (Gustillo type 2 or type 3), (2) treated by other approaches, and (3) presented with combined injuries of ipsilateral upper extremities, such as ulnar nerve. Elbow range of motion and triceps extension strength testing were completely valuated, when the fractures had healed. Assessment of functional results using the Mayo elbow performance score and complications were conducted in final follow-up. The data were compared using the two tailed Student's t-test. All data were presented as mean ± standard deviation.ResultsEighty-six patients of type C distal humerus fractures, treated by OO and BTT approach were retrospectively reviewed between July 2014 and December 2017. Fifty-five distal humerus fractures (23 males and 32 females, mean age 52.7 years) treated by BTT approach or OO were included in this study. There were 10 fractures of type C1, 16 type C2 and 29 type C3 according to the AO/OTA classification. Patients were divided into two surgical approach groups chosen by the operators: BTT group (28 patients) and OO group (27 patients). And the mean follow-up time of all patients was 15.6 months (range, 6–36 months). Three cases in BTT group were converted to TEA, and one converted to OO. Only one case in BTT group presented poor articular reduction with a step more than 2 mm. There were not significantly different in functional outcomes according to the Mayo elbow performance score, operation time and extension flexion motion are values between BTT group and OO group (p > 0.05). Complications and reoperation rate were also similar in the two groups. Triceps manual muscle testing were no significant difference in the two groups, even subdivided in elder patients (aged >60 years old).ConclusionBTT is a safe approach to achieve similar functional result comparing with OO. BTT were not suitable for every case with severe comminuted pattern, but it avoids the potential complications related to OO, and has no complications concerning with triceps tendon. It is convenient for open reduction internal fixation and flexible to be converted to OO, as well as available to be converted to TEA in elder patients.