Topographical anatomy of Spiegel's lobe and its adjacent organs in mid‐term fetuses: Its implication on the development of the lesser sac and adult morphology of the upper abdomen

At 8–16 weeks of gestation, Spiegel's lobe of the caudate lobe appears as a sac‐like herniation of the liver parenchyma between the inferior vena cava and ductus venosus or Arantius' duct. In 5 of 11 fetuses at 20–30 weeks of gestation, we found that an external notch was formed into the posterior aspect of the caudate lobe by a peritoneal fold containing the left gastric artery. This notch appeared to correspond to that observed in adults, which is usually seen at the antero‐inferior margin of the lobe after rotation of the lobe along the horizontal or transverse axis. However, the notch did not accompany two of the three fetuses in which the left hepatic artery originated from the left gastric artery. Notably, until 9–10 weeks of gestation, the inferior and left part of Spiegel's lobe rode over the hepatoduodenal ligament and protruded medially into the lesser sac (bursa omentalis) behind the stomach. Thus, the fetal Winslow's foramen was located at the “superior” side of the ligament. However, as seen in adults, the protruding Spiegel's lobe was located at the posterior side of the lesser omentum. Therefore, a hypothetical rotation along the transverse axis in the later stages of development seems necessary to explain this repositioning. Considering that Spiegel's lobe develops faster than surrounding structures, it is likely that the lesser sac resulting from the rotation of the gastrointestinal tract, which actively contributes to facilitate the growth of the Spiegel lobe. Clin. Anat. 23:712–719, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

膝腱反射检查对前交叉韧带断裂和重建后本体感觉功能的评价

目的探讨膝腱反射检查对前交叉韧带断裂和重建后本体感觉功能的评价和意义。方法对20例单纯前交叉韧带断裂,采用关节镜下自体四股半腱肌-股薄肌肌腱重建。常规方法检查膝腱反射,双极表面电极电刺激髌韧带并记录股内侧肌肌电图。观察前交叉韧带断裂和重建后膝腱反射和肌电图的客观改变,结合临床"打软腿"的主观症状,研究主、客观相互关系。结果3项指标手术前后两样本率比较,差异有统计学意义(PKJ=0.004,PEMG=0.022,PS=0.000);3项指标手术前后改变率之间两两比较,差异无统计学意义(PKJ-EMG=0.495,PKJ-S=0.476,PEMG-S=0.163)。结论提出"前交叉韧带-膝腱反射弧"的观点,将膝腱反射检查作为前交叉韧带断裂和重建后的常规查体,借此评价膝关节本体感觉功能,以指导本体感觉的康复锻炼。     

直肠癌前切除吻合器吻合术后并发直肠阴道瘘的原因及对策

目的 研究和探讨直肠癌前切除术后并发直肠阴道瘘的原因及对策.方法 2004年3月至2006年8月,根据电话和门诊随访结果以及病历记录,回顾性总结多中心11例直肠癌前切除术后并发直肠阴道瘘的原因及治疗效果.采用直肠推移黏膜瓣修补结合经阴道修补1例,经肛推移皮瓣修补结合经阴道修补1例,单纯经阴道修补2例,经肛直接分层缝合5例,2例行横结肠造口和局部冲洗引流,3个月和6个月后分别行造口回纳.结果 平均随访13个月(3～20个月),失败1例,成功率90.9%,无手术死亡率和并发症.结论 采用经肛结合经阴道修补治疗直肠癌前切除引起的单纯性直肠阴道瘘是安全有效的,不需要切断会阴体和肛门括约肌,并发症少,无肛门失禁发生.     

关节镜下膝关节前、后交叉韧带重建53例

目的总结关节镜下前、后交叉韧带（ACL、PCL）及膝内外侧复合体重建的经验。方法关节镜下移植中1/3骨-髌腱-骨组织、4股腘绳肌腱及LARS人工韧带重建膝关节ACL、PCL。合并膝内、外侧结构损伤患者在重建的同时进行膝关节侧副韧带和关节囊的修补。术后佩戴可调式膝关节固定带3个月行康复训练。结果53例随访2个月～5年4个月,Lysholm评分由术前平均（20±4.6）分提高到（85±7.3）分。所有患者术前抽屉试验及Lachman试验存在阳性体征,术后1例后抽屉试验阳性,4例Lachman试验弱阳性。所有患者关节功能明显改善。结论在关节镜直视下交叉韧带重建能准确定位ACL、PCL解剖止点,具有损伤小,关节粘连率低,恢复快的优点,能达到坚强固定,早期功能锻炼的目的。     

关节镜下同种异体肌腱双束法重建前交叉韧带

目的探讨同种异体肌腱移植重建关节内韧带，双束韧带即前内束（AM）、后外束（PL）重建前交叉韧带（ACL），完善韧带修补重建的条件，以期达到ACL重建后膝关节的生物力下曲率运动的均衡和对膝关节回旋稳定的调控。方法对67例ACL患者应用同种异体肌腱重建ACL。股骨髁侧椭圆形隧道，应用Arthrax公司提供的横钉固定肌腱法固定；胫骨侧建立ACL—AM和ACL—PL双隧道，挤压钉固定。结果67例均获随访，时间12—36（18．4±3．8）个月，Lysholm评分：术前（34．47±1．5）分，术后3个月（78．35±3．4）分，术后6个月（81．88±3．3）分，术后12个月（87．76±2．1）分，术后18个月（89．70±3．5）分。有关节软骨损伤者，影响术后Lysholm评分。结论同种异体肌腱可以满足韧带受区的要求，双束ACL重建符合膝关节韧带4连杆曲率生物运动模式，膝关节回旋稳定度高。手术操作简单，效果良好。     

膝关节多韧带损伤的临床研究

目的探讨膝关节多韧带损伤的诊断与治疗方法并评价其治疗效果。方法治疗51例单侧膝关节多韧带损伤,其损伤类型：21例前交叉韧带（ACL）＋内侧副韧带（MCL）,1例ACL＋后外侧复合体（PLC）,4例后交叉韧带（PCL）＋MCL,6例PCL＋PLC,6例ACL＋PCL＋MCL,3例ACL＋PCL＋PLC,8例ACL＋PCL,2例PCL＋髌腱。14例急性Ⅲ度MCL和3例急性Ⅲ度PLC损伤行切开手术,原位缝合,外固定制动3周,再行关节镜下其他韧带手术。2例Ⅲ度慢性MCL和3例Ⅲ度慢性PLC损伤行切开韧带重建术,并同期行关节镜下ACL或PCL重建术。在总共39条ACL损伤中,20条行关节镜下自体Hamstring腱ACL重建术,17条行关节镜下自体骨-髌腱-骨（BPB）重建ACL术,2条行同种异体肌腱重建ACL;在总共29条PCL损伤中,19条行关节镜下自体Hamstring腱PCL重建术,2条行同种异体肌腱重建PCL,另8条急性损伤经固定后由Ⅲ度变为〈Ⅱ度损伤,故未特别治疗。其中,17例ACL＋PCL损伤处理方法为：4例先行PCL重建,二期再行ACL的重建,7例同期自体Hamstring腱重建PCL、自体BPB重建ACL,2例为同种异体肌腱同期重建ACL和PCL,4例仅做ACL重建术。1例髌腱完全性断裂原位修复,另1例部分性髌腱损伤者未治疗。4例合并腓总神经损伤均未做特别治疗。结果平均随访2.4年（9个月～5年）。术后Lysholm评分平均为86.3（51～100）,Tegner活 动评分为5.2（2～8）,均较术前显著增加（P〈0.001）。1例外翻试验为2＋,2例Lachman试验或轴移试验≥2＋,6例应力后沉征或后抽屉试验2＋,4例内翻试验或反轴移试验2＋。其余的对应各种体格检查均为≤1＋。4例合并腓总神经损伤者,术后3例自行恢复,1例未恢复。结论在多韧带损伤中,≤Ⅱ度的MCL或者PLC损伤应采用保守治疗,Ⅲ度损伤者应尽早手术原位修复内侧副韧带及其关节囊或PLC,以利于后期进行其他重要韧带的治疗。交叉韧带或关节内重要组织可二期在?     

Transvaginal Bladder Neck Suspension to Cooper’s Ligament: A Review of the Literature

The aim of this paper was to review the surgical technique and clinical experience of transvaginal bladder neck suspension to Cooper’s ligament. A computerized MEDLINE search identified five English-language articles published between January 1990 and December 1998. The success rate obtained with this procedure is comparable to that obtained with the traditional Burch procedure and ranges between 86.4% and 100%. Postoperative de novo detrusor instability occurs infrequently, with an incidence ranging between 0% and 20%. Complications occur infrequently and postoperative voiding dysfunction is rare. Limited postoperative urodynamic data are available. Transvaginal suspension of the bladder neck to Cooper’s ligament combines the technique of a needle suspension with the anatomic effect of the Burch procedure.     

Periodontal ligament anesthesia — A clinical evaluation

Abstract Periodontal ligament (PDL) injection was used either as an alternative or as a supplement to conventional anesthesia techniques (CA) in connection with endodontic treatment of 339 teeth. Adequate analgesia was obtained more frequently with CA than with PDL. However, total lack of effect was registered only in a few cases for both techniques. PDL was found to be of particular value in the mandibular posterior segments where conventional techniques most frequently failed.     

Long-term survival analysis of the posterior cruciate condylar total knee arthroplasty: A 10-year evaluation

Long-term survivorship analysis was applied to 394 cruciate condylar type total knee arthroplasties. Clinical and radiographic parameters were evaluated. Failure was defined in three separate survival curves as revision, radiographic loosening, and a pain rating of 20 or less on the HSS knee score scale. Survival at 10 years, using only revision or recommended revision as the criterion for failure, was 94.7%. With the addition of the other two criteria, survival fell to 81% at 10 years. The posterior cruciate condylar knee survival is comparable to that of the total condylar knee when using comparable definitions of failure.     

Congenital absence of the right common carotid artery,internal carotid artery and external carotid artery associated with anterior communicating artery aneurysm: a rare case

Congenital absence of the common carotid artery (CCA), internal carotid artery (ICA) and external carotid artery (ECA) is very rare. We present such a rare case in a 53-year-old woman, associated with a saccular aneurysm of anterior communicating artery (ACA) presenting with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). An embryological hypothesis for the anomalies of the aortic arch is proposed. The correlation between the abnormal haemodynamic stress of the circle of Willis caused by the absence of the right ICA and the development of intracranial aneurysm is discussed.