颈椎后纵韧带骨化的治疗方法

从１９８３年８月至１９９１年３月，手术治疗６３例颈韧后纵韧带骨化（ＯＰＬＬ）的患者。手术方法包括前路椎间减压融合，椎体次全切除植骨融合、后路全椎板切除。单开门椎板成形椎管扩大手术、双开门椎板成形椎管扩大手术，及前后路两次手术。随诊６到９６个月，疗效为３９例代。１６例良，优良率８７．２％。本文讨论了前路椎间减压、椎体次全切除及后路椎板成形椎管扩大手术的方法。作者认为对ＯＰＬＬ伴广泛性椎管狭窄者以后路双开门椎板成形椎管扩大手术较为合理。     

Anterior lumbar fusion using a hybrid interbody graft

Summary This is a radiographic report of 40 patients (20 men, 20 women) who underwent anterior lumbar interbody fusions (73 levels) utilizing a “hybrid” interbody graft composed of femoral cortical allograft (FCA) bone and iliac crest cancellous autograft bone. The average age at surgery was 38 years (range 17–64 years), and follow-up averaged 1.4 years (range 1.0–2.4 years). Nineteen of the patients had undergone previous lumbar surgery. Thirty-two patients (63 levels) underwent anterior fusion combined with some type of posterior fixation, and eight patients (10 levels) had no posterior fixation. Types of posterior fixation included: for 20 patients (36 levels) Steffee variable screw placement fixation, for 10 patients (23 levels) translaminar facet screws (TFS), for 1 patient (3 levels) Knodt rods and for 1 patient (1 level) facet screws. Based on the persistence of lucent lines at the graft-host interface, three patients (one level each) were felt to have non-unions at their latest follow-ups at 1.4, 1.5 and 2.0 years, respectively. Two of these patients had no posterior fixation, and the other had TFS fixation. The overall fusion rate was 96% (70 of 73 levels). The fusion rate for all levels treated with posterior fixation was 98% compared with 75% for those without fixation. Intervertebral disc heights (IVDH) were measured on all films and corrected for magnification with computer assistance. On average, the IVDH was increased postoperatively but returned to preoperative values at follow-up. IVDH loss was independent of the type of instrumentation used. No complications arose from the use of the hybrid graft. Incorporation of the allograft portion of the graft is slow and was felt to be complete in only 7 of the 73 levels at follow-up. We conclude that the hybrid interbody graft technique is a safe and reliable method for performing anterior lumbar interbody fusions and should be combined with some type of posterior fixation. Long-term follow-up will be required to assess the behaviour of the allograft until incorporation is complete.     

Delayed pain response after lumbar discography

Summary The delayed onset of symptomatic pain following lumbar discography (with no immediate pain response) is described in six patients, five with a minimum 2-year follow-up. It is usually seen in patients with nearly normal disc morphology who have incomplete or discrete annular tears that are not filled at the time of injection. Later (2–12 h in this study), dye leakage occurs through these lesions, thereby precipitating the discogenic pain This phenomenon may be missed and is probably more common than previously believed due to early discharge from the hospital, the patient expecting discomfort after the invasive study (hence no complaint is made), and the clinician being unaware of this delayed symptom, thereby not asking about it in follow-up. Close patient questioning regarding a delayed onset of symptomatic pain after discography is, therefore, an essential element in diagnostic information following this study.     

双极射频电热固缩治疗前交叉韧带松弛临床研究

目的:对15例前交叉韧带双极射频电热固缩治疗进行回顾性研究,评估其临床疗效。方法:从2000年1月至2005年1月采用双极射频对16例前交叉韧带松弛的患者进行电热固缩治疗。完整随访者15例,男性11例,女性4例,平均年龄29岁。12例前交叉韧带部分损伤,3例为自体绳肌重建术后。电热射频设备输出功率为284W,组织内作用温度为65℃。术后患者采用支具制动,康复计划与前交叉韧带重建术后基本相同。结果:随访时间平均15·6个月(4~25个月)。Lysholm评分,术前74·27±5·51分(66~84分),术后3个月89·6±7·11分(72~99分),两者相比有显著性差异(P<0·01);术后最终评分83·33±11·81分(56~95分),虽仍显著高于术前评分(P<0·05),但与术后3个月比较有所降低。KT-1000测量结果,术前两侧胫骨前移差值为5·47mm±1·61mm(3·5mm~10mm),术后3个月为2·67mm±1·35mm(2~7mm),与术前测量值对比存在显著性差异(P<0·01);最终测量结果为3·8mm±1·96mm(2~9mm),虽仍显著低于术前测量值(P<0·05),但较术后3个月有所增加。所有患者均未出现明显的术后并发症。2例患者(13·3%)术后失效,接受了二期重建手术。结论:电热固缩治疗前交叉韧带松弛可获得较好的短期主、客观疗效,但长期随访疗效有所下降。建议慎重选择手术适应症。     

后交叉韧带损伤MRI诊断指标的评价

目的评价后交叉韧带(PCL)损伤各种MRI征象的诊断价值。资料与方法分析32例经关节镜或临床诊断的PCL损伤患者MRI资料,并与57例非PCL损伤病例对照,总结PCL损伤直接和间接征象,依据各征象建立回归模型。结果正常PCL可分为"弓"形、"U"形、和"打结"形3种形态。根据PCL损伤征象建立的回归模型,其诊断的重要程度依次为PCL消失、不连续,PCL信号异常,内侧副韧带损伤,PCL增粗,三角间隙积液以及骨挫伤。结论MRI是诊断PCL损伤的重要手段。PCL损伤各征象对诊断的重要性不同,以此建立的回归模型有较强的预测能力。     

Recurrent locking of knee joint caused by intraarticular migration of bioabsorbable tibial interference screw after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction

Two cases are reported in which, after ACL reconstruction with autologous hamstring grafts, tibial polylactide interference screws migrated into the knee joint. Clinically, both patients presented with recurrent locking of the joint. In one case, a broken 15 mm-long tip of the screw was found intra-articularly. In the other case, the whole screw had migrated into the joint cavity. The degradation process of polylactic acid, operative technique and bone quality are discussed as possible reasons for these complications.     

微创内固定系统在高能量胫骨平台骨折中的应用

目的:探讨微创内固定系统治疗高能量胫骨平台骨折的方法和临床疗效。方法:本组27例,男19例,女8例;年龄21~59岁,平均36岁;其中左侧12例,右侧15例。按Schatzker分型:Ⅴ型9例,Ⅵ型18例。其中合并前交叉韧带撕脱骨折3例,后交叉韧带断裂2例,半月板损伤3例。用改良内外侧联合切口,行微创内固定系统结合有限接触加压钢板(LC-DCP)内固定,其中3例半月板损伤,2例给予修补,另1例部分切除;3例前交叉韧带撕脱骨折给予钢丝固定;2例后交叉韧带断裂行Ⅱ期手术。术后2周、1、3、6个月、1年随访,行摄片及关节活动度检查,测定胫骨平台内翻角(TPA)及后倾角(PA);术后1年行膝关节HSS评分。结果:术后与术后1年TPA及PA平均值的差异无显著性统计学意义(TPA:t=1·012,P=0·356;PA:t=0·667,P=0·521)。术后1年膝关节HSS评分平均为86·9分(56~98分),根据此评分标准:优15例,良7例,中4例,差1例。结论:微创钢板治疗高能量胫骨平台骨折是理想、有效的方法,它具有手术创伤小、并发症少,骨折愈合率高,长期稳定性良好,膝关节功能恢复满意等优点。     

关节镜下股骨单隧道与双隧道重建后十字韧带的疗效分析

目的分析比较关节镜下单束单隧道与双束股骨双隧道重建后十字韧带(PCL)术后的临床效果。方法1999年1月～2001年12月,采用单束前外束重建法重建PCL 18例,男14例,女4例;年龄18～50岁,平均35.5岁;右膝12例,左膝6例。移植物为骨-髌腱(中1/3)-骨的11例,半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱的7例。于PCL股骨附着点解剖中心的稍前方钻取股骨隧道,屈膝70°,拉紧并固定移植物。2000年1月～2002年12月,采用双束股骨双隧道法重建PCL12例,男10例,女2例;年龄21～47岁,平均33岁;右膝9例,左膝3例。移植物为半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱的7例,一端带髌骨块的股四头肌肌腱的5例。将肌腱编织分为两束。于股骨侧钻取双隧道。两束分别于屈膝70°和0°时拉紧并固定。结果采用前外束重建法的18例患者平均随访23个月,采用双束股骨双隧道重建法的12例患者平均随访17个月。前外束重建组与双束股骨双隧道重建组随访时的Lysholm评分分别为(92.4±3.7)分和(94.3±3.4)分,两组间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。屈膝0°和30°时,前外束重建组的胫骨后移距离是(5.9±0.4)mm和(6.2±0.5)mm,双束股骨双隧道重建组是(3.5±0.3)mm和(4.0±0.4)mm,两组间差异有显著性(P<0.05);屈膝60°和90°时,两组胫骨后移距离差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论双束股骨双隧道重建PCL的方法优于前外     

关节镜下采用四股和八股腘绳肌肌腱双束重建前十字韧带的比较研究

目的比较关节镜下采用四股和八股腘绳肌肌腱双束重建前十字韧带的临床效果。方法2001年9月至2002年8月,将76例陈旧性前十字韧带损伤患者随机分为两组进行双束重建。一组采用四股腘绳肌肌腱移植物:取同侧半腱肌肌腱,做成两个两股肌腱移植物,分别重建前十字韧带前、后束;一组采用八股腘绳肌肌腱移植物:取同侧半腱肌肌腱做成一个四股肌腱移植物重建前束,取同侧股薄肌肌腱做成另一个四股肌腱移植物重建后束。按照IKDC、Lysholm和Tegner膝关节评分标准评价疗效。结果四股肌腱移植物组有33例、八股肌腱移植物组有35例获得随访,随访时间1～3年,平均16个月。四股肌腱移植物组KT-1000检查示,双侧膝关节前向松弛度差异<3mm者25例(75.8%,25/33),3～5mm者5例(15.2%,5/33),6～10mm者3例(9.1%,3/33);轴移试验阴性28例(84.8%),阳性5例(15.2%)。八股肌腱移植物组KT-1000检查示,双侧膝关节前向松弛度差异<3mm者33例(94.3%,33/35),3～5mm者2例(5.7%,2/35);轴移试验阴性34例(97.1%),阳性1例(2.9%)。根据IKDC检查标准,四股肌腱移植物组有29例(87.9%,29/33)、八股肌腱移植物组有34例(97.1%,34/35)为正常或者接近正常,Lysholm评分分别为(90.2±2.9)分和(97.3±1.7)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论关节镜下采用八股腘绳肌肌腱较采用四股腘绳肌肌腱双束重建前十字韧带能够明显提高膝关节稳定性。     

Can we predict the outcome of a partial rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament? A prospective study of 43 cases

The concept of partial rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has been confirmed by arthroscopic examination and palpation. We present a prospective study of 43 patients who were diagnosed arthroscopically as suffering from a partial rupture of the ACL by the same surgeon. The patients followed a rehabilitation protocol and were examined by an independant observer after 5 years. Twenty-five patients had a stable knee, whereas 18 eventually suffered a complete ACL rupture. ACL partial rupture is easily recognizable with arthroscopy, but the quantity and state of the still intact fibres is difficult to assess. Received: 20 April 1996 Accepted: 17 December 1996