101例超声引导下涎腺活检价值的探讨

目的：探讨超声引导下涎腺活检对涎腺肿块定性和分类诊断的价值。方法：101例患者行超声引导下涎腺活检。结果：经术后组织学诊断证实,活检判定良恶性准确率为95．6％,良性病变敏感性100％,特异性94％,恶性病变敏感性85．7％,特异性100％。活检明确组织学分类的准确率为91．2％,良性病变敏感性95．7％,特异性90％,恶性病变敏感性81％,特异性100％。33例未手术的良性非肿瘤病变患者,经相应治疗,病灶均缩小或无增大。运用logistic回归分析检验结果显示活检病理分类诊断准确性与病变良恶性和组织条数有关。结论：超声引导下涎腺活检诊断涎腺病变敏感、可靠．可提供准确的分类诊断。     

银质针疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症50例

[目的]探讨银质针疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床疗效。[方法]对50例腰椎间盘突出患者采用密集型压痛点银质针针刺疗法。[结果]治愈5例。显效：16例。有效：28例。无效：1例。治愈显效率42％。[结论]银质针疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床疗效确切。     

小儿胸脐皮瓣游离移植修复足踝部严重软组织缺损

目的探讨小儿胸脐皮瓣游离移植修复足踝部严重软组织缺损的可行性和临床初步疗效。方法应用显微外科技术采用胸脐皮瓣游离移植修复小儿足踝部大面积软组织缺损合并肌腱、骨关节外露患儿50例。软组织缺损面积最小6cm×11cm,最大9cm×16cm;全部采用胸脐皮瓣移植修复,其中腹壁下动、静脉与胫前动、静脉吻合26例,腹壁下动、静脉与足背动、静脉吻合14例,腹壁下动、静脉与胫后动、静脉吻合10例。皮瓣面积最小7cm×12cm,最大10cm×17cm,皮瓣供区全部直接缝合。结果皮瓣全部成活,无血管危象发生。皮瓣供区与受区伤口愈合良好。术后随访3～30个月,皮瓣血运良好,颜色好,质地柔软,外形不臃肿,足踝功能恢复良好,患儿行走良好。结论应用胸脐皮瓣游离移植可良好修复儿童足踝部严重软组织缺损。     

气管内超声实时引导经支气管针吸术对肺癌纵隔肺门淋巴结的诊断价值

目的 研究气管内超声实时引导经支气管针吸术(EBUS-TBNA)对肺癌纵隔和肺门淋巴结的诊断价值及安全性.方法 2008年7-12月,对25例[男18例,女7例,年龄(68±9)岁]诊断为肺癌或疑为肺癌且CT检查显示纵隔或肺门淋巴结肿大患者的28组淋巴结行EBUS-TBNA(EBUS-TBNA组).以2008年1-月由同一操作者因相同适应证而进行常规经支气管针吸术(C-TBNA)的26例患者[男18例,女8例,年龄(66±8)岁)]的28组淋巴结为对照(C-TBNA组).以穿刺针抽吸物检查找到特异性细胞物质或淋巴细胞为阳性结果.比较2组的诊断阳性率及并发症发生情况.结果 EBUS-TBNA组诊断阳性率为92.9%(26/28),明显高于C-TBNA组(60.7%,17/28,χ2=8.114,P=0.004).2组均未发现气胸、气道撕裂、出血(>5 ml)等并发症.结论 气管内超声实时引导可显著提高经支气管针吸术对肺癌患者纵隔和肺门淋巴结的诊断阳性率,且安全性高,应进一步开展应用研究.     

Real-time endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration is useful for diagnosing sarcoidosis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Several studies of real-time endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) have reported a sensitivity of approximately 90% in the diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar malignancies. However, few studies have addressed its role in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. The aim of the present study was to assess the utility of EBUS-TBNA in confirming a pathological diagnosis of sarcoidosis. METHODS: Fifteen consecutive patients with suspected sarcoidosis and mediastinal and/or hilar lymphadenopathy were investigated prospectively. EBUS-TBNA with an echo-bronchoscope and a dedicated echogenic 22-gauge needle was carried out in patients under conscious sedation, followed by conventional TBNA of the same lesion using a 19-gauge needle. RESULTS: EBUS-TBNA and/or TBNA demonstrated non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas in 14 of 15 patients (93%). All 14 patients with a pathological diagnosis of sarcoidosis were considered to have sarcoidosis based on subsequent clinical assessments. The single patient with a negative EBUS-TBNA and TBNA had a malignant melanoma diagnosed following surgical biopsy. EBUS-TBNA confirmed a diagnosis of sarcoidosis in 13 of the 14 patients (93%) by identifying non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas in 18 of 23 lymph nodes (78%) sampled. When two needle aspirates of one or two lymph nodes were carried out, the percentage positive pathological diagnosis for sarcoidosis for (i) EBUS-TBNA; (ii) TBNA; and (iii) the combination of EBUS-TBNA and TBNA were 93% (13 of 14 patients), 93% (13 of 14 patients) and 100% (14 of 14 patients), respectively. There were no complications associated with the procedures. CONCLUSION: EBUS-TBNA is less invasive and acceptably sensitive as a method for obtaining pathological confirmation of sarcoidosis.     

油松松针中黄酮类成分的分离与鉴定

目的研究油松松针中的黄酮类成分,为松属植物的化学分类学研究提供科学依据。方法采用反复硅胶、聚酰胺、ODS、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和1H-NMR、13C-NMR、质谱等技术对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果从油松松针中分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为山柰酚-3-O-(3″-O-反式-对-肉桂酰基)-(6″-O-反式-阿魏酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷[kaempferol 3-O-(3″-O-E-p-coumaroyl)-(6″-O-E-feruloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside,1]、山柰酚-3-O-(3″,6″-二-反式-对-肉桂酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷[kaempferol3-O-(3″,6″-di-O-E-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside,2]、山柰酚-3-O-(3″-反式-对-肉桂酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷[kaempferol3-O-(3″-O-E-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside,3]、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷[isorhamnetin3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,4]。结论化合物1、3为首次从松属植物中分离得到,化合物2、4为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

逆行交锁髓内钉治疗踝关节创伤性关节炎的临床观察

目的评价逆行交锁髓内钉用于踝关节创伤性关节炎关节融合的效果。方法采用关节间隙植骨融合加钛合金逆行交锁髓内钉固定术治疗踝关节退变9例,其中男4例,女5例。年龄40～70岁,平均41．6岁。手术距原发创伤的时间2～26年,平均12-4年。同种异体骨植入关节间隙,自跟骨向胫骨逆行置钉并常规作近、远端锁钉。结果术后平均随访17-4个月,术前、术后对患者行OFAS评分,并通过影像评价植骨融合效果。手术前后患者的AOFAS平均评分分别为44．1分（42—53分）和70分（57～86分）。8例（88．9％）达到植骨完全融合。结论植骨融合加逆行交锁髓内钉固定是治疗踝关节创伤性关节炎的有效方法。     

Changing Trends in Endosonography: Linear Imaging and Tissue are Increasingly the Issue

The indications and uses of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) are expanding. The role of EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is considered an essential aspect of EUS practice. A significant change in the indications and technology used for EUS has occurred. This study was designed to compare the use of radial, linear, and miniprobe endosonography equipment during a 10-year period in a single, large, EUS practice. A retrospective review of an EUS experience at a single high-volume center was performed. In this single-center experience, there has been an increase in the volume of EUS and EUS-FNA. For luminal cancer-staging cases, the radial echoendoscope is the predominant scope used for examination and has not changed significantly. In contrast, for pancreaticobiliary and mediastinal indications, the use of the linear array echoendoscope alone has increased and currently is the preferred scope for examination (33% vs. 76%, P < 0.001; 46% vs. 96%, P < 0.001). In these cases requiring EUS-FNA, the use of the linear array scope alone has increased from 17% to 73%. In this single-center experience, EUS has shifted from an imaging technology to an image-guided biopsy and therapeutic technology. The use of the linear array EUS alone has increased, especially in the evaluation of pancreatobiliary and mediastinal disease and when fine-needle aspiration is performed.     

Assessment of lower limb ischemia with measurement of skin perfusion pressure in patients on hemodialysis

Measurement of skin perfusion pressure (SPP) using laser Doppler has become available for the assessment of peripheral arterial disease. We studied whether measurements of SPP can be used to identify hemodialyzed patients with peripheral arterial disease by comparing it with measurements of the ankle brachial pressure index (ABI). The ABI at rest and the SPP in the foot were measured in 59 Japanese hemodialyzed patients (118 limbs). Twenty-one patients had diabetes mellitus. Five had intermittent claudication; however, 20 patients were accompanied by other exertional leg symptoms. The SPP could not be measured in three limbs because of involuntary movement due to previous stroke or restless leg syndrome. The SPP was correlated with the ABI. Depending upon these results of the ABI, the 114 limbs from which both the ABI and the SPP could measured were divided into three groups: (A) ABI > or = 1.3, (B) 0.9 < or = ABI < 1.3, and (C) ABI < 0.9. The average SPP of group C was significantly decreased among the three groups. All subjects of the three groups were divided into an extra two groups according to the presence of diabetes (non-diabetes groups, -I; diabetes groups, -II). The average SPP of group B-II was significantly decreased compared with those of group B-I. The SPP measurement is a noninvasive, useful screening method for limb ischemia that can be applied to exercise tolerance limited patients. The SPP measurements are expected to be useful for the evaluation of limb ischemia in hemodialyzed patients at risk.