经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

肝硬化患者的一日三餐,你了解吗

我国是肝病大国,肝硬化仍是临床常见病,其中病毒性肝炎所致的肝硬化最为多见,其具有一定传染性。但随着现代医学的发展,各种疫苗的相继问世,我国病毒性肝炎及其所致肝硬化的发病率也在逐年降低,然而其他病因所致的肝硬化,如酒精性肝病、自身免疫性肝病以及脂肪性肝炎等相关的肝硬化患者则越来越多见。     

2009-2019年西安市肺结核流行特征及治疗转归分析

目的 了解2009-2019年西安市肺结核的流行特征及治疗转归情况，为完善西安市肺结核防治策略提供依据。方法 收集2009-2019年《传染病信息管理系统》中登记的肺结核患者病案信息数据，通过描述性研究方法对肺结核流行病学特征和治疗转归情况进行分析。结果 2009-2019年间西安市肺结核年平均发病率为49.06/10万。郊县、郊区、城区肺结核年平均发病率分别为54.13/10万、47.46/10万和46.19/10万；男性发病率是女性的1.85倍。职业分布排在前5位的为农民（47.48%），家政、家务及待业（14.65%），离退人员（9.55%），学生（8.63%）和工人（5.23%）。利福平敏感或耐药性未知患者的成功治疗率平均为98.03%，利福平耐药患者治疗成功率为51.47%。结论 西安市近年来肺结核发病率和治疗率呈增长趋势，利福平耐药患者治疗成功率较低，要加强对重点人群的健康促进工作，加大肺结核发现力度及患者治疗管理工作。     

ICU危重患者的护理安全隐患分析及防治措施

总结分析本科近1年来的各类安全隐患及防治改进措施,不断提高ICU护理人员安全意识,以消除护理不安全因素,减少事故的发生。     

小剂量布比卡因腰-硬联合麻醉用于高龄患者股骨颈骨折手术可行性探讨

目的:探讨小剂量布比卡因腰-硬联合麻醉用于用于高龄患者股骨颈骨折手术的可行性。方法:选择ASAⅡ~Ⅲ级高龄患者择期股骨颈骨折手术患者58例,采用0.75%布比卡因6mg腰-硬联合麻醉后,观察麻醉前、麻醉后5min、麻醉后15min、麻醉后30min、收缩血压(SBP)、舒张血压(DBP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)血流动力学变化、术中呼吸、,手术中的麻醉效果、麻醉后并发症的影响。结果:术前、术中血流动力学、呼吸无明显改变(P0.05)。结论:小剂量布比卡因腰-硬联合麻醉应用于高龄患者股骨颈骨折手术麻醉中,对呼吸、循环系统影响轻微,具有麻醉效果确切、安全可靠、不良反应小等优点。     

美托洛尔用于老年COPD合并冠心病史治疗的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨美托洛尔(β1受体阻滞剂)用于老年COPD合并冠心病史治疗的临床疗效。方法:选取2018年6月—2019年6月在我院接受治疗的60岁以上(包括60岁)COPD合并冠心病史老年患者,分为对照组与观察组。对照组给予接受布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂治疗,观察组在使用布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂治疗的基础上口服琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片治疗,观察对比两组治疗效果。结果:观察组临床治疗效果优于对照组,观察组住院时长以及并发症的发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),差异具有统计学意义。结论:老年COPD合并冠心病史接受美托洛尔治疗,可有效缩短住院时长、用药效果明显、有效提升用药安全性,值得临床推广。     

在医患信息不对称情况下如何保障患者的安全--286例医疗纠纷分析

对2010—2014年以来盐城市第三人民医院内发生的286例医疗纠纷进行回顾性系统总结，分析在医患信息不对称情况下客观存在的影响患者安全的医源性因素，通过 PDCA 管理工具，寻找患者安全管理相关规律。     

80例老年患者临床麻醉分析

目的:探究老年患者临床麻醉的方法、效果以及后期处理。方法:选取80例老年麻醉患者的临床资料,总结老年患者麻醉的特点及方式。结果:80例临床患者中有46例进行了全身麻醉,34例进行了局部麻醉。其中25例患者在临床麻醉中血压升高,7例患者频发室性早搏。结论:术前做好麻醉准备,术中采用正当的麻醉方式,术后注意观察患者的反应并及时处理并发症,可以有效提升麻醉效果。