静脉治疗小组在持续改进临床静脉留置管道维护质量中的应用探析

目的:探讨在持续改进临床静脉留置管道维护质量中,静脉治疗小组的临床价值。方法:设立静脉治疗小组,将小组设立前后实施深静脉穿刺置管患者分为参照组、研究组,对静脉治疗小组应用前后的维护效果予以评价。结果:相比参照组,研究组静脉置管术后各项并发症、导管血流感染发生率均显著更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在持续改进临床静脉留置管道维护质量中,静脉治疗小组具有积极影响,应用效果突出。     

肿瘤内科患者PICC置管期感染相关因素分析及应对措施研究

目的探讨肿瘤内科患者PICC置管期感染高危因素及应对措施。方法选取医院2014年2月-2017年6月PICC置管患者1 340例为研究对象,对可能影响置管期感染的危险因素进行单因素分析,进一步将差异有统计学意义的因素纳入多因素logistic回归分析,分析感染患者的病原学特点和耐药性。结果 1 340例患者中有225例发生感染,感染率为16.79%。单因素分析结果显示:PICC置管期感染与患者同步化疗、导管留置时间、导管维护周期、导管移动、导管材料和血栓史有关。多因素分析结果显示:同步化疗、导管留置时间(>30d)、导管维护周期(<7d)、导管移动和导管材料是PICC置管期患者发生感染的独立危险因素。225例PICC置管感染患者,共检出病原菌233株,革兰阴性菌主要为铜绿假单胞菌和鲍氏不动杆菌,革兰阳性菌主要为金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌,真菌主要为白假丝酵母和热带假丝酵母。结论同步化疗、导管留置时间(>30d)、导管维护周期(<7d)、导管移动和导管材料是PICC置管期发生感染的独立危险因素,临床上应采取相应的护理措施,以防止置管期感染。     

嗜酸性细胞肺类癌18F-FDG PET/CT异常高摄取一例

患者女,40岁,因"咳嗽10个月余,咳绿色浓痰伴发热5 d"就诊本院。体格检查:神志清,一般情况可。2018年10月26日外院胸部CT平扫及增强(图1)示右肺上叶肺门旁直径约2.2 cm类圆形结节影,边缘光整,无毛刺及卫星灶,密度尚均匀;增强后明显强化,动脉期CT值约107 HU,静脉期CT值约89 HU,考虑为硬化性肺细胞瘤。于外院行抗炎、止咳、化痰等治疗,症状无缓解。     

涎腺导管内癌的病理诊断及新进展

涎腺导管内癌(intraductal carcinoma,IDC)是一种主要发生在腮腺,在导管内或囊内生长为主的罕见肿瘤,但也可伴浸润性生长,生物学行为相对惰性。具有独特的形态学、免疫表型及分子遗传学特征。主要包括4种亚型:闰管型、顶浆分泌型、闰管-顶浆分泌混合型和嗜酸型。闰管型多数存在NCOA4-RET融合,个别存在STRN-ALK融合;混合型存在TRIM27-RET融合,顶浆分泌型具有PIK3CA和HRAS突变或TP53缺失;嗜酸型具有TRIM33-RET融合或BRAF V600E突变。目前多数观点认为与涎腺导管癌不同,即使存在浸润,仍具有良好的预后,罕见复发和淋巴结转移,无远处转移。因此精准诊断对于临床治疗的选择极其重要。     

经梨状肌和臀小肌间隙入路行全髋关节置换对老年髋部骨折的治疗效果及病人生存质量的影响

目的探究经梨状肌和臀小肌的间隙入路行全髋关节置换对老年髋部骨折的治疗效果及病人生存质量的影响。方法选取96例老年髋部骨折病人(108髋)为本研究对象，其中50例病人(55髋)行后外侧入路全髋关节置换术为A组，46例病人(53髋)行经梨状肌和臀小肌间隙入路全髋关节置换术为B组，记录对比2组病人围手术期情况(手术时间、切口最大长度、术中出血量、术后下地时间)、并发症情况、术前术后髋关节HHS评分、VAS疼痛评分和下肢功能变化情况、术后6个月病人影像学指标情况(外展角、前倾角、偏心距)和生存质量情况(以SF-36量表表示)。结果A组病人手术时间、切口长度短于B组，术后首次下地时间长于B组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)；A组病人术后1、3、7 d的HISS评分低于B组，VAS评分高于B组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)，2组病人术前、术后14、30、90、180 d的HISS和VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；B组病人术后30、90 d“起立-行走”计时测试显著优于A组，术后30 d单腿站立测试时间长于A组，术后90 d的6 min步行测试距离优于A组(P < 0.05)，其他时间点2组病人下肢功能情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；A组前倾角小于B组，偏心距大于B组(P < 0.05)；B组病人SF-36评分量表肢体功能、社会功能、心理健康和总健康程度得分均优于A组(P < 0.05)。结论相比于传统后外侧入路行全髋关节置，经梨状肌与臀小肌间隙入路对老年髋部骨折病人的损伤更小、恢复更快，近期疗效指标显著优于传统术式，符合快速康复理念，但手术时长显著增加，病人术后前倾角偏大，偏心距偏小。     

外周血免疫细胞在NAFLD疾病进展中的诊断价值

近日,范建高教授应《柳叶刀》旗下子刊EBioMedicine(影响因子8.413分)编辑部邀请,与博士生林双喆在线发表综述:Peripheral immune cells in NAFLD patients:A spyhole to disease progression,EBioMedicine 2021 doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103768,系统分析非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)及其不同临床病理类型亚组患者循环外周血液各种免疫细胞的特征性变化,并探讨了外周血免疫细胞变化用于无创诊断与评估NAFLD的严重类型非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)的潜在价值。     

通麻汤联合穴位注射治疗结直肠癌奥沙利铂化疗相关外周神经毒性疗效研究

目的:观察通麻汤联合穴位注射治疗结直肠癌奥沙利铂化疗相关外周神经毒性(OIPN)的临床观察,以期为临床治疗OIPN提供有效治法。方法:将113例OIPN患者分为治疗组57例和对照组56例,对照组给与甲钴胺分散片口服,治疗组在对照组基础上给予通麻汤联合穴位注射,治疗28 d,观察两组周围神经毒性分级、奥沙利铂levitll专用感觉神经毒性分级、中医症候量表评分、FACE-C生命质量、血清神经生长因子水平(NGF)等。结果:两组治疗后外周神经毒性反应分级治疗组0级13例,1级21例;对照组0级5例,1级16例;两组治疗后对比具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。奥沙利铂levitll专用感觉神经毒性分级,两组治疗后对比具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后NGF、FACE-C生命质量、中医证候量表评分对比具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:通麻汤联合穴位注射治疗OIPN具有较好的效果。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.