经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

肝硬化患者的一日三餐,你了解吗

我国是肝病大国,肝硬化仍是临床常见病,其中病毒性肝炎所致的肝硬化最为多见,其具有一定传染性。但随着现代医学的发展,各种疫苗的相继问世,我国病毒性肝炎及其所致肝硬化的发病率也在逐年降低,然而其他病因所致的肝硬化,如酒精性肝病、自身免疫性肝病以及脂肪性肝炎等相关的肝硬化患者则越来越多见。     

温针灸对消化道恶性肿瘤患者放化疗期应激反应及免疫功能的影响

目的探讨温针灸对消化道恶性肿瘤患者放化疗期应激反应及免疫功能的影响。方法选取2017年1月至2017年12月间安康市中医医院收治的70例消化道恶性肿瘤患者,依据治疗方式不同分组,采用常规西药联合温针灸治疗的35例患者纳入研究组,采用常规西药治疗的35例患者纳入对照组。比较两组患者治疗后的消化道应激反应情况、体液免疫及免疫功能各项指标和炎症因子水平,以及两组患者治疗前后的白细胞计数(WBC)和血小板(PLT)水平。结果研究组患者呕吐、恶心、呃逆及腹泻各项评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。研究组患者治疗后免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)、Ig A及Ig G水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。研究组患者的CD3+、CD4+及CD4+/CD8+水平均高于对照组,CD8+水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。研究组患者治疗后的C-反应蛋白(CRP)低于对照组,肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及白介素-2(IL-2)水平均高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。研究组治疗后的白细胞(WBC)和血小板(PLT)水平均高于对照组,两组患者的WBC及PLT水平与治疗前比较均明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。结论对消化道恶性肿瘤患者放化疗期采用温针灸治疗,能降低患者的应激反应状态,改善骨髓抑制状态及炎症因子水平,提高机体免疫功能,适宜临床推广。     

肝脏恶性肿瘤介入前后肝储备功能评价的临床价值

目的 探讨肝脏恶性肿瘤介入前后肝储备功能评价的临床价值。 方法 选取我院在 2019 年 1 月至 2020 年 10 月确诊并治疗的 198 例恶性肝脏肿瘤患者,所有患者均在我院接受介入治疗。 在所有患者接受介入治疗前,进行吲哚菁绿(ICG)清除率测试,获取所有患者的 ICG-R15 值水平。依据所有患者的 ICG-R15 值水平不同来进行分组:ICG-R15 值水平>30%,ICG-R15 值水平:10%~30%,ICG-R15 值水平<10%。并且在所有患者接受介入治疗之后进行肝脏功能损伤评估。结果 结论 ICG-R15 值水平能对恶性肝脏肿瘤患者的肝脏储备功能进行有效准确的评估,并在一定程度上预测恶性肝脏肿瘤患者术后发生肝功能障碍及不全的风险。     

ICU危重患者的护理安全隐患分析及防治措施

总结分析本科近1年来的各类安全隐患及防治改进措施,不断提高ICU护理人员安全意识,以消除护理不安全因素,减少事故的发生。     

小剂量布比卡因腰-硬联合麻醉用于高龄患者股骨颈骨折手术可行性探讨

目的:探讨小剂量布比卡因腰-硬联合麻醉用于用于高龄患者股骨颈骨折手术的可行性。方法:选择ASAⅡ~Ⅲ级高龄患者择期股骨颈骨折手术患者58例,采用0.75%布比卡因6mg腰-硬联合麻醉后,观察麻醉前、麻醉后5min、麻醉后15min、麻醉后30min、收缩血压(SBP)、舒张血压(DBP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)血流动力学变化、术中呼吸、,手术中的麻醉效果、麻醉后并发症的影响。结果:术前、术中血流动力学、呼吸无明显改变(P0.05)。结论:小剂量布比卡因腰-硬联合麻醉应用于高龄患者股骨颈骨折手术麻醉中,对呼吸、循环系统影响轻微,具有麻醉效果确切、安全可靠、不良反应小等优点。     

美托洛尔用于老年COPD合并冠心病史治疗的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨美托洛尔(β1受体阻滞剂)用于老年COPD合并冠心病史治疗的临床疗效。方法:选取2018年6月—2019年6月在我院接受治疗的60岁以上(包括60岁)COPD合并冠心病史老年患者,分为对照组与观察组。对照组给予接受布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂治疗,观察组在使用布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂治疗的基础上口服琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片治疗,观察对比两组治疗效果。结果:观察组临床治疗效果优于对照组,观察组住院时长以及并发症的发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),差异具有统计学意义。结论:老年COPD合并冠心病史接受美托洛尔治疗,可有效缩短住院时长、用药效果明显、有效提升用药安全性,值得临床推广。     

在医患信息不对称情况下如何保障患者的安全--286例医疗纠纷分析

对2010—2014年以来盐城市第三人民医院内发生的286例医疗纠纷进行回顾性系统总结，分析在医患信息不对称情况下客观存在的影响患者安全的医源性因素，通过 PDCA 管理工具，寻找患者安全管理相关规律。