经梨状肌和臀小肌间隙入路行全髋关节置换对老年髋部骨折的治疗效果及病人生存质量的影响

目的探究经梨状肌和臀小肌的间隙入路行全髋关节置换对老年髋部骨折的治疗效果及病人生存质量的影响。方法选取96例老年髋部骨折病人(108髋)为本研究对象，其中50例病人(55髋)行后外侧入路全髋关节置换术为A组，46例病人(53髋)行经梨状肌和臀小肌间隙入路全髋关节置换术为B组，记录对比2组病人围手术期情况(手术时间、切口最大长度、术中出血量、术后下地时间)、并发症情况、术前术后髋关节HHS评分、VAS疼痛评分和下肢功能变化情况、术后6个月病人影像学指标情况(外展角、前倾角、偏心距)和生存质量情况(以SF-36量表表示)。结果A组病人手术时间、切口长度短于B组，术后首次下地时间长于B组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)；A组病人术后1、3、7 d的HISS评分低于B组，VAS评分高于B组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)，2组病人术前、术后14、30、90、180 d的HISS和VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；B组病人术后30、90 d“起立-行走”计时测试显著优于A组，术后30 d单腿站立测试时间长于A组，术后90 d的6 min步行测试距离优于A组(P < 0.05)，其他时间点2组病人下肢功能情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；A组前倾角小于B组，偏心距大于B组(P < 0.05)；B组病人SF-36评分量表肢体功能、社会功能、心理健康和总健康程度得分均优于A组(P < 0.05)。结论相比于传统后外侧入路行全髋关节置，经梨状肌与臀小肌间隙入路对老年髋部骨折病人的损伤更小、恢复更快，近期疗效指标显著优于传统术式，符合快速康复理念，但手术时长显著增加，病人术后前倾角偏大，偏心距偏小。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

推拿手法治疗失眠心脾两虚证研究进展

失眠是临床常见的疾病,随着生活方式的改变、生活压力的不断增加,越来越多的人出现失眠的症状,且趋势不断增加,寻求绿色、安全、有效的治疗方法显得迫不及待,而推拿手法治疗失眠有其独特效果,且具有患者易于接受、无不良反应等优势特点。本文通过筛选和分析近年来关于研究推拿手法治疗心脾两虚型失眠的相关文献,研究发现推拿治疗心脾两虚型失眠手段包括单纯推拿治疗,推拿结合中药汤剂、针刺、艾灸、耳穴贴压及走罐等多种疗法,本文将拟汇总分析,并总结推拿治疗心脾两虚型失眠的常用穴位如印堂、心俞、脾俞、太阳、百会5穴及所取得的研究成果,以期为临床中运用推拿手法治疗心脾两虚型失眠提供借鉴与参考。     

以就业为导向的脊柱相关疾病的推拿教学策略

目的培养脊柱及相关疾病推拿治疗的应用型人才。方法采用编写应用型教材、把教室转移到诊室和示教室、教材-案例“逼真”教学法、创造学生在临床真实环境下的动手操作机会和产-学-研相结合教学法等手段和方法,在内容改革上纳入目前医院和社会机构多使用的规划教材之外的手法技术、现代康复技术和世界各地的脊柱手法技术,拓宽知识面,与临床应用接轨;发挥考试的导向功能,通过改革考试和评价方法,切实培养应用型人才。结果教学效果良好,有效提升了学生临床适应能力和社会生存能力。结论以就业为导向的脊柱及相关疾病的推拿教学模式值得进一步探索。     

专家说--加快推进中医特色技术的传承与创新

中医特色技术是中医药防治疾病的重要手段,历史悠久、内容丰富、范围广泛,主要包括针灸、推拿、刮痧、拔罐、敷熨、熏洗、功法等,具有安全有效、成本低廉、简便易学、易于推广等特点,在防病治病、减轻医疗负担、优化医疗资源配置、促进医改等方面发挥了积极作用。但缺乏客观、有效、真实的循证证据是中医特色技术研究中亟待解决的关键科学问题,严重制约了中医特色技术的传承、创新和推广应用。     

肝细胞癌TACE术后病灶存活或复发18F-FDGPET/CT和增强CT诊断价值Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析方法评价¹⁸F-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射计算机体层摄影(¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT)和增强CT(CECT)诊断经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)术后存活或复发病灶的临床价值。方法根据PRISMA报告规范开展Meta分析。检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方和维普数据库中¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT和CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的临床研究,时间至2019-04。由2位研究人员独立筛选文献、提取资料,根据诊断准确性研究质量评价工具-2(QUADAS-2)评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用Stata 12.0软件进行Meta分析,计算其汇总敏感度(Sen)和特异度(Spe),绘制受试者工作特征曲线(SROC)并计算曲线下面积(AUC)。结果共纳入10篇¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT及13篇CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的原始研究,分别包括322例患者的467个病灶和748例患者的943个病灶。Meta分析显示,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的Sen=0.92(95%CI为0.87~0.94)、Spe=0.95(95%CI为0.82~0.99)、AUC=0.97(95%CI为0.93~0.99);CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的Sen=0.72(95%CI为0.66~0.78)、Spe=0.99(95%CI为0.93~1.00)、AUC=0.87(95%CI为0.83~0.89)。此外,CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发Sen(Z=2.34,P=0.02)和AUC(Z=2.21,P=0.03)值低于¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT,差异有统计学意义。结论相比于CECT,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT对TACE术后存活或复发病灶具有较高诊断效能,可视为TACE术后存活或复发病灶有效的影像学诊断方法。