软骨组织工程中力学因素的影响及应用

力学因素是软骨组织工程中的重要影响因素之一。近年来的研究表明,力学作用可以刺激细胞因子及激素的分泌,改变三维支架上培养的软骨细胞的新陈代谢,从而促进软骨组织的生长与重建。目前已经有诸多关于体外构建软骨组织的报道,但对于其中的力学因素的影响(包括力学因素对软骨细胞增殖的促进及力学刺激的传导机制等)还没有完全认识。就以上几方面做一综述,并简单介绍生物反应器在软骨组织工程中的应用。     

舒缓水解肽抗疲劳功能实验研究

目的：通过抗疲劳功能试验观察舒缓水解肽对机体疲劳状态的影响。方法：连续给予小鼠不同剂量的舒缓水解肽30d,观察受试品对小鼠负重游泳,及肝糖原、乳酸和尿素氮的影响。结果：本品在负重游泳时间抗疲劳试验中具有明显的抗疲劳作用。观察本品对体重的影响,可见本品在5-10d时可使体重增加,但10d以后差异无统计学意义。在对肝糖原的测试中发现,本品可增加糖原在肝脏中的储备,同时增加疲劳模型小鼠体内血乳酸的含量,与肝糖原变化一致。结论：本品可增加机体肝糖原储备,从而延长机体抗疲劳作用,试验提示其抗疲劳作用明确,作用以中剂量组最为明显,其次是低剂量,但高剂量组作用不明确。     

体外循环中搏动灌注和非搏动灌注对细胞因子影响的比较

目的评价体外循环(CPB)时应用搏动灌注(PP)和非搏动灌注(NPP)对患者术后细胞因子的影响。方法拟行CPB的患者60例,采用随机、双盲的方法分为搏动灌注组(PP组)和非搏动灌注组(NPP组),每组30例。PP组在体外循环机后串联双搏动式心肺辅助装置,在主动脉阻断期间采用搏动灌注。NPP组全程均采用非搏动灌注。两组灌流量控制在2.3～2.8 L/min.m2。分别于术前(T1);CPB期间0.5(T2)、1 h(T3);CPB后2(T4)、4(T5)、8(T6)、24 h(T7)抽取桡动脉血,测定血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-8和IL-10浓度。结果两组患者一般资料无统计学差异。与T1比较,两组TNF-α、IL-8、IL-10血清浓度在T2～T7均升高(P<0.01)。与NPP组比较,PP组TNF-α血清浓度在T2～T6降低(P<0.05);IL-8血清浓度在T3～T6降低(P<0.05);IL-10血清浓度在T3～T6升高(P<0.05)。结论 PP能有效地抑制TNF-α、IL-8的释放,并使IL-10的释放明显上调,可在一定程度上降低全身炎症反应,减轻组织脏器损伤。     

丹皮酚自乳化片的制备和溶出度考察

目的:研制丹皮酚高效快速的自乳化给药系统,提高起效时间和生物利用度。方法:选择适宜油相、乳化剂、助乳化剂,并在此基础上绘制伪三元相图。通过对各处方比例的筛选,结合各处方载药量以及所形成微乳的稳定性,确定最佳处方并制备片剂,考察其乳化后微乳的粒径、形态和体外溶出情况。结果:以油相为三辛酸/癸酸甘油酯,乳化剂为Cremophor EL,助乳化剂为丙二醇,丹皮酚在助乳化剂中的质量百分数为30%的处方为最佳处方;自乳化片在20 min之内溶出达到80%左右。结论:所研制的自乳片具有粒径小、载药量高、性质稳定的优势,并能显著提高其体外溶出。     

外在和内在认知负荷对帕金森病患者步态影响的差异

目的 探讨内在和外在认知负荷对帕金森病患者步态的影响差异.方法 8名帕金森病患者和6名健康对照受试者完成负载外在的听觉认知负荷和负载内在的认知负荷下的步态测试.采用三维运动分析仪记录2种条件下的步态参数.使用FAB量表和Stroop-3测试评估患者的执行能力.结果 帕金森病组在节拍器刺激下步频、步速、单支撑相时间和摆动相时间[分别为(113.4±14.32)steps/rain,(78.90±16.35)cm/s,(40.50±2.58)%,(40.50±2.58)%],优于计算条件下[分别为(91.27±15.54)steps/min,(63.79±21.49)cm/s,(37.95±2.61)%,(37.95±2.61)%],差异具有显著性(P<0.05).计算条件下,帕金森病组的步幅变异、单支撑相时间变异和摆动相时间变异[分别为(6.69±3.99)cm,(8.56±5.69)%,(8.56±5.69)%]均大于对照组[分别为(3.23±1.34)cm,(5.02±2.54)%,(5.02±2.54)%],节拍器条件下,除步幅、单支撑相时间和摆动相时间变异之外,帕金森病组的步长和步速变异[分别为(11.92±5.86)cm,(6.89±4.98)cm/s]也大于对照组[分别为(7.35±3.32)cm,(2.5±1.53)cm/s],差异均具有显著性(P<0.05).帕金森病组FAB得分[(15.63±1.51)分]低于对照组[(17.67±0.52)分],Stroop-3错误率(0.087±0.056)高于对照组(0.027±0.03),差异均具有显著性,且Stroop-3错误率显著与计算条件下帕金森病组的步态参数相关.结论 外在的节律性听觉刺激不及内在的计算负荷对帕金森病步态的影响显著.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic recognition loading on gait in patients with Parkinson disease.Methods Eight patients with Parkinson disease and six control subjects were instrutted to walk with extrinsic and intrinsic recognition loading respectively.The gait parameters in two conditions were measured with three-dimension motion analysis equipment.FAB scale and Stroop Test were used as the evaluation of executive function.Results The velocity(cm/s),the cadence(step/min),single support and swing phase(%)in the audition stimulates condition in the patients group((113.4±14.32)step/min,(78.90±16.35)cm/s,(40.50±2.58)%,(40.50±2.58)%)were significantly better than those in the calculation condition(respectively(91.27±15.54)step/min,(63.79±21.49)cm/s,(37.95±2.61)%,(37.95±2.61)%).In the calculation condition,the coefficients of variability in stride length,swing and sinfle support phase were significantly higher in the patient group(respectively(6.69±3.99),(8.56±5.69),(8.56±5.69))than in thecontrol group(respectively(3.23±1.34),(5.02±2.54),(5.02±2.54));in the audition condition,except that,the coefficients of variability in step length and velocity also were significantly higher in the patient group(respeetively(11.92±5.86),(6.89±4.98))than the control group(respectively(7.35±3.32),(2.5±1.53)).In the patients group,the score of FAB(15.63±1.51)was lower and error rates of Stroop test(0.087±0.056)was higher than those in the control group(respectively(17.67±0.52),(0.027±0.03))significantly.The error rate of stroop-3 was significantly negative correlated with the gait variables of patient group in the calculation condition.Conclusion The extrinsic audition stimulates has lower effect on the gait of patients of Parkinson's disease than the intrinsic recognition loading.     

“沙漠人” 的生理特征及其与高血压低发病率的相关性

目的探讨塔克拉玛干“沙漠人”的生理特征及其与高血压低发病率的关系。方法所有资料都是通过现场问卷调查和体格检查获得。被调查人群共469人,其中“沙漠人”359人,男性205人,女性154人,年龄15~99岁。于田县维吾尔族101人,男性55人,女性50人,作为对照人群,年龄20~85岁。数据处理采用SAS 9.1.3统计分析软件,组间比较用t检验。结果（1）结果表明,“沙漠人”男性、女性身高都明显高于对照组,P值分别为0.0317和〈0.0001.“沙漠人”BMI明显小于对照组,P〈005。相反,“沙漠人”男性、女性腰围明显小于对照组,P值分别为0.0027和〈0.0001。（2）“沙漠人”收缩压和舒张压随年龄增长而升高,但均低于对照组,仅18~45岁和〉60岁年龄组的收缩压水平较对照组有明显差异,P值分别为0.0127和00443。（3）“沙漠人”高血压患病率为7.0%（24/359）,明显低于对照组30.7%（31/101）的高血压患病率。（4）“沙漠人”血糖、TG、TC、LDL-C、Apo-A、Apo-B水平低于对照组,P值均〈0.02;18~45岁和〉60岁年龄组的“沙漠人”血液中尿酸水平明显低于对照组,P值分别为0.0010和0.0051。46~60岁年龄组“沙漠人”的HDL-C水平明显高于对照组（P=0.0373）。（5）“沙漠人”血清IgG、IgA和IgM水平低于对照组,仅IgG,IgM有统计学差异。（6）问卷调查结果表明,“沙漠人”日常摄盐量甚低,很少有人吸烟（6/205男性）、无饮酒。结论低血糖、低血脂、低BMI的生理特征和低盐摄入,极少吸烟、无饮酒的生活方式,可能是“沙漠人”高血压患病率低的重要因素。     

Diagnosis-specific effect of familial loading on verbal working memory in schizophrenia

Background  Working memory disturbances are a frequently replicated finding in schizophrenia and less consistent also in schizoaffective disorder. Working memory dysfunctions have been shown to be heritable and have been proposed to represent a promising endophenotype of schizophrenic psychoses. Methods   In the present study, we investigated the effects of familial loading on performance rates in circuit-specific verbal and visuospatial working memory tasks in matched samples of schizophrenic patients (from multiply affected or uniaffected families), schizoaffective patients (from multiply affected or uniaffected families), and healthy subjects. Results  We found a significant interaction effect between familial loading and diagnosis in terms of a diagnosis-specific detrimental effect of familial loading on the performance of schizophrenic (but not schizoaffective) patients in the articulatory rehearsal task. Conclusion  This finding of a circuit-specific verbal working memory deficit in schizophrenic patients with additional familial loading is consistent with prior studies, which provided evidence for the existence of specific subgroups of schizophrenic patients with selective working memory impairments and for diagnosis-specific dysfunctions of the articulatory rehearsal mechanism in schizophrenic, but not in schizoaffective patients. Together, these findings suggest that the genetic risk for (a subtype of) schizophrenia may be associated with dysfunctions of the brain system, which underlies the articulatory rehearsal mechanism, the probably phylogenetically youngest part of human working memory.     

Spontaneous Deposition of FITC‐Labeled Dextran into Covalently Assembled (PGMA/PAH)4 Microcapsules

Spontaneous deposition of fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled dextran (FITC‐dextran) in covalently assembled poly(glycidyl methylacrylate) (PGMA)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) microcapsules was studied and its mechanism was proposed. Incubation of the microcapsules in the FITC‐dextran solution resulted in strong fluorescence emission from the capsule interiors. The deposition was found to be molecular weight ( ) dependent and the number of capsules filled with FITC‐dextran was increased along with the of FITC‐dextran. Furthermore, the correlation between the deposited substances and the charged species in the capsules was explored quantitatively through UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy.

     

数字乳腺X线摄影曝光模式对乳腺体模图像质量和辐射剂量的影响

目的:比较数字乳腺X线摄影曝光模式对乳腺体模图像质量和辐射剂量的影响,为乳腺癌的影像诊断提供依据。方法:将乳腺体模一次成像。自动曝光模式,分别应用低剂量(Dose)、标准(STD)和高对比度(CNT)3种曝光模式;手动曝光模式,固定管电流量32 mAs,分别改变管电压为25、26、27、28、29、30、32、34、36、38和40 kV曝光11次;固定管电压29 kV,分别改变管电流量为20、32、40、45、56、63、80、100、125、160和200 mAs曝光11次。记录各曝光参数下平均腺体剂量(AGD)值,并根据美国放射学会(ACR)评分标准对图像质量进行评价。结果:3种自动曝光模式下,模拟纤维组织的图像质量评分比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.00),模拟钙化和模拟团块的图像质量评分比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.37)。手动曝光模式下,固定管电流量32 mAs,改变管电压或固定管电压29 kV,改变管电流量曝光,3种模拟病变图像质量评分比较差异均有统计学意义(P=0.00),但3种模拟病变的图像质量评分受管电压或管电流量增加而且引起的变化趋势不同。管电流量或管电压变化对模拟纤维组织的图像评分影响最大,对模拟钙化的图像评分影响最小。自动曝光模式以低剂量模式AGD值最低,高对比度模式AGD最高;手动曝光模式时,AGD随管电压和管电流量增加而增加,均呈正相关关系(R²=0.998,P=0.000;R²=0.979,P=0.000)。结论:数字乳腺X线摄影时,可采用自动曝光的低剂量模式行乳腺癌筛查。使用手动曝光模式行常规临床检查能有效降低辐射剂量。