基于子宫内膜异位症与恶性肿瘤的相关性探析补肾化瘀法作用机制及中医理论依据

子宫内膜异位症其异位内膜组织虽然在形态学上呈良性表现，却具有类似恶性肿瘤的生物学特性。中医学一般认为，“正虚伏邪”为恶性肿瘤的病机特点；那么，肾虚血瘀既属于“正虚伏邪”的范畴，又体现了EMs发病学和疾病发生、发展过程中的主要特点。在“病证相应”的中医治则之下，补肾化瘀法的临床疗效主要表现为：缓解痛经症状、提高受孕率，以及调整月经周期。本文基于EMs与恶性肿瘤的相关性，通过分析补肾化瘀法治疗EMs的理论依据及其抑制异位内膜侵袭的调控机制，主要包括解除免疫抑制、阻断局部微血管新生等，旨在阐明其疗效显著的原因，为临床推广提供可靠的基础研究证据。     

结节性甲状腺肿的多层螺旋CT影像表现特征及其诊断效能研究

在临床治疗中结节性甲状腺肿发病率较高,该病症在甲状腺疾病中属于一种常见的良性病变,但复发率较高[1],且滤泡上皮从弥漫性增生发展为局限性退行性变及局灶性增生风险较高,在病情发展过程中存在癌变可能,主要因上皮细胞过度增生所致[2]。医学研究表明,在结节性甲状腺肿患者中,发生甲状腺癌变的概率在17%左右[3]。     

氨磷汀治疗骨髓增生异常综合征的副作用观察与护理

骨髓增生异常综合征(myelodysplastic syndrome,MDS)为异常造血干细胞克隆性疾病,临床表现为不同程度的外周血细胞减少,病理特点示一系或多系细胞成熟障碍[1].氨磷汀是一种特异性的泛细胞保护剂,对MDS患者的骨髓具有明显的刺激造血作用,提高干细胞的克隆形成能力,使用推荐剂量的氨磷汀时,不良反应轻微,患者耐受性良好[2],一般不良反应为头晕、四肢酸软、乏力,主要不良反应为呕吐、低血压和血钙降低[3].2002年12月至2004年12月,本院采用氨磷汀治疗MDS患者31例,现将副作用的观察及护理报告如下.     

增生型原发性醛固酮增多症的研究进展

增生型原发性醛固酮增多症包括特发性醛固酮增多症(IHA)、原发性肾上腺增生(PAH)、糖皮质激素可抑制性醛固酮增多症(GRA)和单侧肾上腺增生症(UAH)。IHA为主要类型,发病与异常的促醛固酮分泌因子的增加及基因变异有关。UAH是一种新的亚型,较为少见。肾上腺静脉采样是鉴别腺瘤与增生、双侧增生和单侧增生的有效方法。     

颈动脉狭窄支架成形术能替代内膜剥脱术吗?

颈动脉分叉处独特的血流动力学特征决定了该处是动脉粥样硬化最易发生的部位，造成管径的狭窄而导致脑组织远端血流动力学性梗死。另外，沿颈动脉球内侧壁的血流保持层流，有着很高的流速和很强的剪切力，而其外侧壁处血流的分离、停滞、湍流和复杂震荡的剪切力都可引起动脉粥样硬化性斑块的脱落。因此，颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄是导致卒中发生的主要原因之一（占卒中发生的10％～20％），对其治疗是多年来受全球关注的热点。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿粘连程度及相关因素分析

Objective To investigate the relationship between degree of endometrioma adhesions and clinical feature, surgical treatment and postoperative recurrence. Methods From Jan 2003 to Mar 2008, 662 patients with endometrioma undergoing laparoscopic ovarian endometrioma excision in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were studied retrospectively. All patients were classified into four groups according to the extent of adhesions: 31 cases in none adhesions group, 123 cases in mild adhesions group (filmy thickness, avascular, easily separated adhesions), 310 cases in moderate adhesions group (less than a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness adhesions which was difficult to separate, or above a half of ovary were adjacent to filmy thickness adhesions) and 198 cases in severe adhesions group (above a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness, well vascularized adhesions which was difficult to separate, and always involved the other pelvic organs, observed angiogenesis). The comparison of degree, characteristics, period of pain, lab test, surgical management and postoperative recurrence was performed among those above groups. In the mean time, risk factors and multinomial logistic regression were analyzed. Results (1)Clinical characteristics: The incidence of patients with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, straining feeling in anus, chronic pelvic pain and the level of CA125 (>35 kU/L) was remarkably higher in moderate-to-severe adhesion groups than in none-to-mild adhesions groups (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.006 and 0.000, respectively). Infertility rate were significantly higher in severe adhesions group(15.7%,31/198) than none adhesions group(3.2%,1/31), mild adhesions group(11.4%,14/123) and moderate adhesions group(9.7%,30/310, OR=1.728, P<0.05).(2)Operating time and blood loss: Operating time of each groups was as followed: (37±15) min in none adhesions group, (42±19) min in mild adhesions group, (50±20) min in moderate adhesions group and (63±22) min in severe adhesion group. Blood loss was (23±12) ml in none adhesion group, (31±27) ml in mild adhesion group, (40±32) ml in moderate adhesion group and (70±67) ml in severe adhesions group. Thicker adhesions result in longer operation time and more blood loss. (3)Combined with other disease: The ratio of patients who combined with adenomyosis or deeply infiltrating endometriosis in moderate-to-severer adhesion groups was higher than patients in none-to-mild adhesions groups (OR=3.466, P=0.000). (4) Postoperative recurrence: It was categorized into recurrence of pain and cyst. Moderate-to-severe adhesions was related to higher recurrence rate of pain (OR=1.685,P=0.046), but was irrelevant to recurrence of cyst. Conclusion The more extent of endometrioma adhesions was related to severer pelvic pain symptoms, longer operating time and more blood loss. Postoperative pain recurrence rate was observed in moderate-to-severe adhesion group. Extent of adhesions was irrelevant to cyst recurrence.     

氩氦刀治疗老年前列腺增生患者23例体会

一、对象和方法　　 1.对象 :我院 2 0 0 0年 10月至 2 0 0 3年 1月采用美国生产的CRYOcare氩氦手术治疗仪治疗前列腺增生患者 2 3例 ,年龄 6 2～ 84岁 ,平均 71岁。病程 6个月至 10年 ,平均3年 6个月。尿频、排尿费力 16例 ,急性尿潴留 3例 ,排尿基本正常 4例。并存高血压 3例 ,慢性支气管炎肺气肿 5例 ,肾功能不全 1例 ,糖尿病 1例。直肠指诊前列腺增生Ⅰ度 3例 ,Ⅱ度 11例 ,Ⅲ度 9例。有残余尿者 19例 ,残余尿4 0～ 2 5 0ml,平均 6 7 0ml。术前均作前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)检测均为正常范围 (<4 μg/L ,正常参考值 <5 μg/L)。　　 2 .…     

沙利度胺对鼠子宫内膜异位病灶血管生成作用的研究

目的:探讨沙利度胺(thalidomide)对子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMs)病灶生长和血管生成的影响,为从抗血管途径治疗EMs提供依据.方法:将EMs患者在位子宫内膜种植于重度复合性免疫缺陷病(severe combined immunodeficiency disease, SCID)小鼠皮下,建立EMs鼠模型.接种后第3周给予治疗,治疗组(n=10)腹腔注射沙利度胺50mg/kg/d,对照组(n=10)腹腔注射等体积PBS,连用14d;每隔3d测量异位病灶体积一次;病灶组织采用免疫组化法测定病灶微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达.结果:SCID小鼠皮下种植内异症模型内膜存活率高且观察方便;治疗组病灶体积增长有缩小趋势,但与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗组MVD显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗组和对照组VEGF的表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:沙利度胺对EMs异位病灶的血管生成有明显抑制作用;抑制VEGF的表达可能不是沙利度胺抑制EMs血管生成的主要原因.     

VEGF抗体靶向血管治疗增生性瘢痕的研究

目的探讨VEGF抗体靶向血管治疗对烧伤后增生性瘢痕的治疗作用.方法将人的增生性瘢痕植入裸鼠肩胛部皮下,建立裸鼠增生性瘢痕移植模型.3周后,用不同剂量血管内皮生长因子单克隆抗体进行瘢痕内注射治疗.治疗3周后解剖取材,通过测量瘢痕的大小观察瘢痕的体积变化,用Masson 染色和免疫组化技术观察移植瘢痕胶原和微血管数量的变化.结果与PBS对照组相比,靶向血管治疗3周后, 增生性瘢痕的体积明显减小, 瘢痕胶原和微血管明显减少.结论 VEGF抗体靶向血管治疗具有抑制增生性瘢痕微血管生成、胶原合成及抑制瘢痕生长的作用.